Reformation: Grace, Faith, Scripture

Transcription

1 Reformation: Grace, Faith, Scripture Vignettes and Traditional Study Daniel M. Schroeder Leader s Guide Grace Vignette 1 Vignette 2 The Beginning: Baptism...4 God s Undeserved Gift: Justification by Grace...9 Vignette 3 Not for Sale: Forgiveness in Christ Alone Vignette 4 Christ s Body and Blood: Holy Communion Faith Vignette 5 Forgiven but Not Perfect: Saint and Sinner Vignette 6 Witness Together: Augsburg Confession Vignette 7 Join and Sing to the Lord: Congregational Worship Vignette 8 All Serve Christ: Vocation Scripture Vignette 9 One Authority: Scripture Alone Vignette 10 Bold Witness: Confidence Drawn From Scripture Vignette 11 Not by Force: Power of the Word Vignette 12 My Bible: The Bible Into People s Hands... 61

2 Vignette 9 One Authority: Scripture Alone Leader s Note: By the end of our study, all participants should be able to state why they value Scripture as the sole authority on religious teaching. If Vignette 8, All Serve Christ: Vocation was the previous lesson taught, ask the participants to share how they carried out a vocation to serve others this past week. Before you show the video vignette for this lesson, have the participants answer question 1. Following question 1, read through question 2 with the participants to have them prepared to look or listen for items in the video. Video One Authority 1. Get into groups of three to five people. On your own, take 20 seconds and finish this sentence: When I think of authority, I think of. Have each person in your group share and explain his or her answer to your group. Answers will vary. Hear samples from the groups. This exercise has the participants begin to think about what authority is, who establishes it, and who has it. 2. In the video, what scene caught your attention or what comment was made that you think would be beneficial to remember? Answers will vary. Study the Scriptures 3. The Bible has divine authority. God is the author, and it is his letter to the world. The Bible claims authority to teach and to judge teachings, and it takes us by the hand and leads us into the classroom and courtroom. It is not dependent upon anyone or anything outside of itself; it has absolute authority over all faith and teaching. The following passages help us to see God s Word as the divine authority it is. The learning activities connected to each passage will help us grow in understanding unique aspects of the Bible s authority. Romans 15:4 Everything that was written in the past was written to teach us, so that through the endurance taught in the Scriptures and the encouragement they provide we might have hope Northwestern Publishing House. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission.

3 Tell a person next to you the Bible story or account you value the most because it taught you an encouraging lesson. We ll hear samples. Answers will vary. Give the participants one minute to complete this activity. Hear samples from the groups. 2 Timothy 3:16 All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness. God gave the Scripture writers the very words they were to write. But sometimes our sinful self doesn t always treasure God s Word as something valuable but as something burdensome. With the same partner, tell what use of the Word (as Paul lists them in the passage) you struggle with the most and why. We ll hear samples. Answers will vary. Give the participants one minute to complete this activity. Hear samples from the groups. Deuteronomy 4:2 Do not add to what I command you and do not subtract from it, but keep the commands of the Lord your God that I give you. With a different partner, give at least three reasons why you think people add to God s Word or subtract from it (don t teach certain Bible doctrines). We ll hear samples. Answers will vary. Give the participants two minutes to complete this activity. Hear samples from the groups. Possible answers: Additions to the Word may be because people naturally want to contribute to their own salvation and adding extra rules may allow them to think they have. People may add to God s Word because their consciences are misguided as to what really is or is not sin. Some add to God s Word because they don t like what God revealed. Some subtract from the Word because the Bible teaching isn t popular with many in the culture. Additions or subtractions can take place because people don t trust God s Word as it stands. Acts 26:22 God has helped me to this very day; so I stand here and testify to small and great alike. I am saying nothing beyond what the prophets and Moses said would happen. The apostle Paul, who faced challenges to his Christian faith, valued the Scriptures as the sole authority. With the same partner, list at least three ways that attitude and trust in Scripture s authority will help someone facing a hostile situation. Answers will vary. Possible answers: No matter how difficult the case may be, we will have the Lord s backing and will be standing on his truth. It will help to know that speaking the truth of the Word is all that is needed. We don t need to convince someone. We are to speak the Word faithfully, and the Spirit uses that Word to work on the heart. We leave the results up to the Lord. Reformation: Grace, Faith, Scripture Vignette 9 p.48

4 Listen to Luther 4. After seeing the Bible s clear witness that it is the divine authority in all spiritual matters and doctrine, we may wonder why the Roman Catholic Church in Luther s day and still today does not recognize the Bible as the only authority. A Lutheran theologian wrote a brief summary of why that is. As the paragraph is read, circle one element in the paragraph that is significant for you. Share what you circled and your reason with a partner. We will hear a sample. Note: Have someone who reads well and at an easygoing pace be the reader. It is important that the participants can absorb what is being read to them. How does it happen that in the Roman church there exists such low and unworthy opinions concerning the Holy Scriptures? It is not difficult to guess the reasons. In order to give pride of place to their unwritten [65] traditions, they have had to accuse the Scripture of imperfection. To establish authority of the Roman church or of the pope and to engage in their own decision-making on points of faith, it was essential that they declare the Scripture not to be the judge of controversies. To attribute to themselves the power of interpretation, they had to be sure that the Scripture suffers from obscurity. Finally, to enhance the dignity of the Roman church they had to maintain that the Scripture is entirely lacking in divine authority apart from the church s testimony and that all the authority it possesses depends solely on that of the church. In short, profaning the majesty of God s Word became essential in the interests of the Roman clergy. (H. G. Masius, A Defense of the Lutheran Faith, p. 60) After the paragraph give the participants about 90 seconds to share with their partner. Hear several samples from the groups. Answers will vary. After several samples have been given from the group, the leader can point out that it is a desire for control and authority on the part of the Roman Catholic leaders that Scripture s authority is diminished. The author of the paragraph, Hector Masius, was a Danish Lutheran theologian who lived around Masius book, originally written in French, has been translated by John Warwick Montgomery and published by Northwestern Publishing House (NPH ). 5. Martin Luther ran into the Roman Catholic Church s desire to make the pope the supreme authority on spiritual matters and doctrine, as we saw him with Cardinal Cajetan in the video. For Luther, he knew that we needed to go back to the Word; that s where one finds the true authority on spiritual matters and doctrine. Let s let Luther remind us about the importance of Scripture s authority. Read the following Luther quotes and summarize the main truth of each quote, helping us to understand why we value the Bible s authority. The summary encouragements will vary. Instead of having the large group work on each quote, consider using the option to have more participate in the activity. Option: Have the participants pair up with someone they have not been a partner with before. Have the partners then choose which section of quotes they would like to work on. Give them three minutes to record their summaries. After three minutes, have the groups Reformation: Grace, Faith, Scripture Vignette 9 p.49

5 pair up with another group that worked on the same section (for example, a Section A pair finds another Section A pair). Have them share their summaries and decide on what they want to share with the larger group for each of their quotes. Give them four minutes for this activity. Read the quote to the larger group and hear a sample for each quote. Section A There is one teacher, even Christ, and the fathers are to be tested by the judgment of the divine Scriptures so that it may be known who has clarified and who has obscured them. (Luther s Works, 32:217) Thus we say that all spirits are to be tested in the presence of the church at the bar of Scripture. For it ought above all to be settled and established among Christians that the Holy Scriptures are a spiritual light far brighter than the sun itself, especially in things that are necessary to salvation. (Luther s Works, 33:91) Section B It is the promises of God that make the church, and not the Church that makes the promise of God. For the Word of God is incomparably superior to the church, and in this Word the church, being a creature, has nothing to decree, ordain, or make, but only to be decreed, ordained, and made. (Luther s Works, 36:107) Isn t it most villainous for a council to act and decide apart from God s Word? (Luther s Works, 32:159) There are also those who brazenly state in public that the pope cannot err and is above Scripture. (Luther s Works, 31:285) Note: The Roman Catholic Church does say the Bible is God s Word but also that it needs the explanation of the church s traditions and the interpretation of the pope. Section C The truth of Scripture comes first. After that is accepted, one may determine whether the words of men can be accepted as true. (Luther s Works, 31:282) In short, if Scripture is obscure or ambiguous, what point was there in God s giving it to us? (Luther s Works, 33:93,94) This means that the Word of God shall establish articles of faith and no one else, not even an angel. (Smalcald Articles: Article II:15) Section D But my Christ lives, and we must be careful to give more heed to the word of God than to all the thoughts of men and of angels. (Luther s Works, 36:36) And if what they claim were true, why have Holy Scripture at all? Of what use is Scripture? Let us burn the Scripture and be satisfied with the unlearned gentlemen at Rome who possess the Holy Spirit!... Therefore, their claim that only the pope may interpret Scripture is an outrageous fancied fable. (Luther s Works, 44:134) Reformation: Grace, Faith, Scripture Vignette 9 p.50

6 Bringing It Home 6. Luther said, The truth of Scripture comes first (Luther s Works, 31:282). If someone were to question why you regard the Bible so highly, how would you answer? In other words, why do you value the authority of the Bible? Answers will vary. Take samples from the group as time permits. After the group shares samples of how they would answer, the leader can reiterate that Scripture is God s words to us, without error, and never dependent upon human beings to determine the truth. I am thankful it is always trustworthy. 7. What is one thing you will want to remember or found interesting in today s study? Answers will vary. Living My Faith Find a Christian who has shown himself or herself to be mature in the Christian faith. Ask what he or she treasures most about the Bible. Talk also to a young person whose faith is just beginning to grow stronger. Tell him or her what you treasure most about the Bible. Closing Prayer by Martin Luther O God, the Father of all mercy, we sincerely thank you at all times that at the cost of your grace you have brought us to the treasure of your word, in which we have the knowledge of your dear Son. This is a sure pledge to us of the life and salvation that will be ours in heaven and is prepared for all who remain in true faith and fervent love to the end. O merciful Father, we hope and pray that you will preserve us and make us perfect with all the elect and will keep us united in the mind and image of your dear Son, Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen. (Luther s Prayers, p. 64) Reformation: Grace, Faith, Scripture Vignette 9 p.51