MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Transcription

1 Exam Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) With respect to the relationship between culture, religion, and the 1) physical environment, A) religious ideas nearly all arise from changes in the physical environment. B) religion is no longer an important source of identification for a distinct cultural group. C) all religions appeal primarily to people living in their land of origin. D) few religions derive meaningful events from the physical environment. E) religious ideas may be responsible for some of the changes people make in the physical environment. 2) Religion is a good example of the tension between globalization and 2) local diversity because A) all religions are in competition to convert as many people as possible. B) religion represents core cultural values and beliefs that may conflict with others. C) religion always represents the most traditional worldviews of a population. D) migrants leave their religion behind when they migrate to a new area. E) many people follow more than one religion. 3) Mahayanists, in contrast to Theravadists, emphasize Buddha's 3) A) wisdom. B) renouncing of worldly goods. C) life of self-help. D) compassion. E) practice of meditation. 4) Animists believe that 4) A) natural disasters are preventable. B) people should complete God's creation of the Earth. C) inanimate objects and natural events have spirits. D) enlightenment can be achieved by all people. E) people should make complete use of the Earth's resources.

2 5) Especially important in Confucianism is to 5) A) respect forces of nature as divine. B) reflect on the mystical and magical aspects of life. C) read the holy texts daily. D) perform public service. E) believe in one all-powerful God. 6) Especially important in Daoism is to 6) A) respect forces of nature as divine. B) reflect on the mystical and magical aspects of life. C) read the holy texts daily. D) believe in one all-powerful God. E) perform public service. 7) The belief in the existence of only one god is 7) A) polytheism. B) cosmogony. C) monotheism. D) pagan. E) animism. 8) Beliefs concerning the origin of the universe are 8) A) astronomy. B) monotheism. C) polytheism. D) animism. E) cosmogony. 9) When geographers study the sites where religions originated as well as the processes by which those religions diffused to other locations, they are focusing on the A) loss of historical processes in the formations of religions. B) geo-religious linkages of culture. C) role of history in the social sciences. D) spatial connections in religion. E) 9)

3 lack of spatial connections in religion. 10) A geographer researching the practices of Tibetan Buddhists as well as the world travels of the Dalai Lama is studying A) spatial connections in religion. B) connections between ethnic and universalizing religions. C) monetary connections in religion. D) connections between Christianity and Buddhism. E) theological connections in religion. 11) A person attempting to detect within forests and streams would likely be an animist. A) voices or personalities B) inspiration for religious texts C) physical markings D) evidence of past missionary activities E) inspiration for beautiful art 10) 11) 12) The world's largest ethnic religion is 12) A) Islam. B) Hinduism. C) Shintoism. D) Confucianism. E) Daoism. 13) Which characteristic distinguishes religion in Latin America from 13) North America? A) having a Roman Catholic majority B) Ethnic religions make up the majority in one but not the other. C) having a Protestant majority D) Latin America has more Protestants, Jews, and Muslims. E) location relative to the Equator 14) Given Daoism's classification as either a universalizing or an ethnic religion, which of the following would you be more likely to categorize as pertaining to Daoism? A) Most of the religious texts are directly related to warfare. 14)

4 B) Most of the religious texts concern the stories and letters of missionaries who traveled to different countries. C) Most shrines are located at major physical features or sites of longstanding cultural significance. D) Most shrines are located in major cities and towns around the world. E) People of numerous ethnic groups attend the great majority of religious services. 15) The maps and diagrams in this chapter help us surmise that a person from northern Germany is more likely to be an adherent of A) Roman Catholicism. B) a fundamentalist Christian sect. C) Eastern Orthodoxy. D) Protestantism. E) Judaism. 15) 16) This map indicates that Lutherans are clustered in the United States. A) northeastern B) northwestern C) southern D) upper midwestern E) southwestern 16)

5 17) The maps in this chapter indicate that Eastern Orthodoxy is a branch of Christianity prevalent in A) Russia and Spain but not Greece. B) Greece and Germany but not Russia. C) Russia. D) Spain. E) Italy. 17) 18) This map shows that Muslims are clustered in 18) A) East Asia, South Asia, and North Africa. B) Southwestern Asia, North Africa, and parts of South Asia and Southeastern Asia. C) Southwestern Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and parts of South Asia. D) Southwestern Asia, North Africa, South America, and parts of North America. E) Eastern Europe, North America, South Asia, and parts of Russia, China, and Japan. 19) A review of the world maps in this chapter indicates that in South 19) America, A) nearly all of the people are Catholic. B) the population is almost equally divided between Catholics and Protestants. C) about one-fourth of the people are Protestant, one-fourth Catholic, and the remainder practice traditional religions. D) nearly all of the people are Protestant. E) the great majority of the people are Catholic.

6 20) A review of the maps in this chapter indicates that in northeastern 20) Canada, A) the great majority of the people are Catholic. B) nearly all of the people are Catholic. C) the population is almost equally divided between Catholics and Protestants. D) about three-fourths of the people are Protestant and one-fourth are Catholic. E) nearly all of the people are Protestant. 21) The maps in this chapter indicate that in Sub-Saharan Africa, 21) A) about half of the people are Catholic. B) about half of the people are Protestant. C) about one-fourth of the people are Orthodox Christian. D) about one-fourth of the people are Protestant. E) about one-fourth of the people are animists. 22) The maps in this chapter indicate that in Australia and the South Pacific, A) about half of the people are Catholic. B) more than half of the people are Protestant. C) about one-fourth of the people are animists. D) more than half of the people are nonreligious. E) less than half of the people are Protestant. 22)

7 23) When analyzing the maps in this chapter, we can infer that in France, 23) A) most of the people are Catholic. B) the vast majority of the people are nonreligious. C) most of the people are Protestant. D) about one-fourth of the people are animists. E) about half of the people are Catholic and half are Protestant. 24) Analysis of the charts in this chapter indicates that in the world population, 24)

8 A) more than half of the people are Christian. B) about half of the people are Muslim. C) about two-thirds of the people are Christian. D) more than half of the people are nonreligious. E) less than one-fifth of the people are non-religious. 25) The charts in this chapter indicate that in the world population, 25) A) there are more Catholics than Muslims. B) there are more Buddhists than Hindus. C) about half of the people are nonreligious. D) there are more Muslims than Christians. E) there are more Muslims than Hindus. 26) Analysis of this map indicates that in Germany, 26) A) Catholics are the majority in the west and southeast, while Protestants are the majority in the north. B) Protestants account for the majority in every region of the country. C) Catholics are the majority in the north, while Protestants are the majority in the west and southeast.

9 D) The majority are nonreligious in the center and north, while Catholics are the majority in the south. E) Catholics are the majority throughout the country. 27) Analysis of this map indicates that in Scotland, 27) A) Catholics are the majority in the north, while Protestants are the majority in the south. B) Protestants are the majority. C) the population is roughly divided between Protestants and Catholics. D) Protestants account for the majority in the south, while Catholics are the majority in the north and west. E) the majority of the people are nonreligious. 28) A relatively small group that has broken away from an established church is a A) dialect. B) branch. C) sect. D) family. E) denomination. 28)

10 29) The world's largest universalizing religion is 29) A) Islam. B) Shintoism. C) Christianity. D) Buddhism. E) Hinduism. 30) Which is a branch of Christianity? 30) A) Eastern Orthodox B) Druze C) Judaism D) Theravadist E) Shiite 31) Almost 90 percent of people in the Western Hemisphere claim adherence to A) Christianity. B) fundamentalist and nondenominational Christian churches. C) Eastern Orthodoxy. D) Protestantism. E) Roman Catholicism. 31) 32) Lutheranism is an example of a Christian 32) A) denomination. B) branch. C) sect. D) family. E) religion. 33) The dominant branch of Islam is 33) A) Shiite. B) Druze. C) Sunni. D) Sikh. E) Eastern Orthodoxy. 34) 34)

11 The dominant branch of Islam in Iran is A) Medina. B) Eastern Orthodoxy. C) Shiite. D) Mecca. E) Sunni. 35) Based on the map above, we can surmise that a person from Alabama is more likely to be an adherent of A) the Roman Catholic church. B) Judaism. C) a Baptist church. D) an Eastern Orthodox church. E) Islam. 35)

12 36) The maps and diagrams in this chapter help us surmise that a person from Minnesota is more likely to be an adherent of A) an Eastern Orthodox church. B) a Baptist church. C) a Methodist church. D) the Lutheran church. E) the Roman Catholic church. 36)

13 37) This map indicates that Baptists are clustered in the United States. A) southwestern B) southern C) northwestern and southern D) northeastern E) upper midwestern 37) 38) According to this map, the largest group of religious adherents in the 38) U.S. Southwest are A) Latter-day Saints. B) Lutherans. C) Baptists. D) Catholics. E) Methodists. 39) Examples of ethnic religions include 39) A) Hinduism and Buddhism. B) Daoism and Christianity. C) Daoism, Confucianism, and Judaism. D) Confucianism, Islam, and Buddhism. E) Buddhism, Judaism, and Hinduism.

14 40) Which of the following is not a universalizing religion? 40) A) Judaism B) Christianity C) Buddhism D) Islam E) Sikhism 41) Which is not an ethnic Asian religion? 41) A) Daoism B) Confucianism C) Shintoism D) Buddhism E) Hinduism 42) Hinduism's caste system 42) A) is the basis for seasonal celebrations. B) assigns everyone to a distinct class. C) decrees the pilgrimages which should be taken. D) identifies a family's important deities. E) is a substitute for the lack of a holy book. 43) Both universalizing and ethnic religions 43) A) attempt to be global and appeal to all people. B) appeal primarily to one group of people living in one place. C) can be expressed as Christianity and Islam. D) arose from changes in the physical environment. E) can diffuse to different populations around the world. 44) An ethnic religion is 44) A) based on only one language. B) appealing mostly to one group of people in one place. C) younger than a universalizing religion. D) more peaceful than a universalizing religion. E) based on belief in one particular spiritual leader. 45) Followers of which religious branch do not trace their origin to 45)

15 Abraham? A) Eastern Orthodox B) Mahayana C) Sunni D) Judaism E) Shiite 46) Which of the following is currently the most important religion in the homeland of the man who founded it? A) Hinduism B) Shintoism C) Christianity D) Islam E) Buddhism 46) 47) Unlike other universalizing religions, Buddhism 47) A) worships more than one god. B) diffused primarily by colonization. C) was not begun by an individual founder and then diffused elsewhere. D) was founded in China. E) remained primarily concentrated in one region of the world. 48) Which of the following would be more characteristic of a 48) universalizing religion? A) Priests and adherents of a particular church pledge that they will not support warfare in any form. B) A religious leader proclaims that you cannot join her church unless your mother was previously a member of that church. C) Several priests build temples at the tops of the world's highest volcanoes. D) Priests follow a calendar of religious services based largely on seasonal changes. E) Several priests travel across the world to establish missions on remote islands. 49) Which of the following would we be more likely to classify as a 49) characteristic of an ethnic religion? A) The adherents of a church pledge that they will not support warfare in any form. B) A religious leader proclaims that you cannot join her church as a full member unless you bring two or three people with you, as converts to her religion.

16 C) The religious calendar is based largely on seasonal changes in a particular region. D) Priests build temples in cities around the world. E) Priests travel across the world to establish missions on remote islands. 50) Christianity first diffused from its hearth through 50) A) hierarchical diffusion. B) contagious diffusion. C) military conquest. D) relocation diffusion. E) expansion diffusion. 51) Roman Catholics are clustered in the U.S. southwest primarily because of migration of A) Roman Catholics from the northeastern United States. B) Roman Catholics from Latin America. C) Roman Catholics from Ireland. D) Protestants to the north. E) Protestants to the east. 51) 52) According to this map, Buddhism diffused initially to 52) A) Southwest Asia, Northeast Asia, and South Asia.

17 B) Africa, Europe, and Southeast Asia. C) Africa, Southwest Asia, and Europe. D) South Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia. E) Southeast Asia and Northeast Asia. 53) According to this map, Islam diffused initially to 53) A) North Africa, Europe, and Southeast Asia. B) Southwest Asia and North Africa. C) West Africa, Southwest Asia, and Europe. D) Southwest Asia, Northeast Asia, and South Asia. E) Southeast Asia and Southwest Asia. 54) It is reasonable to surmise that historically, when signs were posted 54) in store windows warning "No Irish Need Apply," the store owner may also have been A) a Protestant discriminating against Roman Catholic immigrants. B) a Roman Catholic discriminating against Jewish and Protestant immigrants. C) a nonreligious entrepreneur discriminating against all religious adherents. D) a Roman Catholic from Ireland. E) a Protestant attempting to welcome Roman Catholics but not Jewish immigrants. 55) 55)

18 Given Muslim perspectives on sacred spaces in the Middle East, politicians in the region have been wary of inviting further religious-fueled conflict by proclaiming A) Jerusalem to be a holy city for three major religions. B) Jerusalem the capital of Israel. C) the West Bank a Palestinian-controlled area. D) that groups of Christians and Jews will not start touring Mecca and Medina. E) that groups of Christians and Jews will tour Jerusalem. 56) Some of the violence linked to religion in Israel and Palestine is also 56) linked to A) the existence of Mecca and Medina. B) ethnic groups, resources, and disputes over the control of land. C) the immigration of Tibetan Buddhists into the area. D) the ordination of women as leaders in some Protestant Christian denominations. E) a belief in the equitable sharing of resources regardless of religious affiliation. 57) According to this map, the landscape of Quebec is distinguished from neighboring Canadian provinces and the United States partly 57)

19 because it A) displays numerous examples of religious tolerance. B) has toponyms from non Indo-European languages. C) may become part of France again. D) is not predominantly Christian. E) has numerous religious toponyms. 58) Judaism is classified as an ethnic rather than a universalizing 58) religion, partly because A) it uses a standard solar calendar rather than a lunar calendar. B) it commemorates the Exodus from Egypt. C) the holy text is the foundation of the religion. D) its rituals derive from the agricultural cycle in Israel. E) its main holidays relate to events in the life of its founder, Abraham. 59) The agricultural calendar is relatively unimportant to which type of religions? A) animist B) universalizing C) ethnic D) Judaism, Shintoism, and Daoism E) traditional 59) 60) The Julian and Gregorian calendars are 60) A) Christian calendars that are now used as standard calendars in much of the world. B) lunar calendars. C) Christian calendars that have been replaced by scientific, nonreligious calendars. D) designed to celebrate religiously notable events in East Asia. E) pre-christian calendars. 61) Which of the following best describes the situation of religion in 61) Tibet? A) Freedom of religion is protected by provincial law. B) The population has become almost entirely atheist since the Chinese invasion. C) Its spiritual leader is in exile and the government discourages observance. D) Only a few practice Buddhism; the majority observe Confucianism.

20 E) Tibetan leaders have a high degree of local control over the policies of their province. 62) Which is NOT a characteristic of a hierarchical religion? 62) A) It has a well-defined hierarchical structure. B) It fosters interaction among different congregations. C) Regional administration is located in large cities. D) It encourages each congregation to be self-sufficient. E) It organizes territory into local administrative units. 63) Protestants in Ireland are 63) A) highly clustered in one part of the island. B) ethnically English and not ethnically Irish. C) recent immigrants from Great Britain. D) dispersed throughout the island. E) highly integrated with the Roman Catholic population. 64) Jerusalem's geography represents a particularly difficult religious 64) conflict to resolve because A) Israel captured the Sinai peninsula from Egypt. B) the population of Jerusalem is majority Christian but surrounded by majority Jewish and Muslim populations on either side. C) few Muslims and Jews are allowed within the city. D) the Israeli government has separated the most sacred sites with a massive concrete wall. E) sacred sites to Jews and Muslims are literally built on top of one another. 65) The barrier between Israel and the West Bank 65) A) follows the previous border between Israel and Jordan. B) represents the natural landscape feature of the Jordan River as described in early religious texts. C) has been ruled as illegal by both Israeli and international courts but is supported by other elements of the Israeli government. D) has established peace in the Middle East. E) is welcomed by both sides within the Palestinian and Israeli governments, regardless of their political affiliations. 66) The concept of a ghetto originally referred to the area of a city 66) A) where Jews were forced to live.

21 B) inhabited by the lowest-income people. C) where the untouchable caste lived. D) inside the walls. E) where most blacks lived. 67) The example of Jerusalem indicates that in regards to the geographic 67) landscape, A) the population of Jerusalem is majority Christian but surrounded by majority Jewish and Muslim populations on either side. B) there is almost always a clear distinction between the uses of sacred spaces by both ethnic and universalizing religions. C) Islam and Christianity are not good examples of universalizing religions. D) sacred sites may be equally important to universalizing and ethnic religions. E) the sacred sites for universalizing religions do not overlap with the sacred sites of ethnic religions. 68) The exiled spiritual leader of Tibet is the 68) A) Dalai Lama. B) Panchen Buddha. C) Kublai Khan. D) Dalai Buddha. E) Buddha. 69) For most of the past 2,000 years, most Jews have been 69) A) nomads herding sheep. B) forced to live in ghettos. C) concentrated in the United States. D) highly clustered in present-day Israel. E) dispersed around the world. 70) Cremation is more important than burial in which religion? 70) A) Islam B) Judaism C) Buddhism D) Hinduism E) Christianity

22 71) The goal of the majority of people living in Northern Ireland is to 71) A) migrate to the Republic of Ireland. B) remain part of the United Kingdom. C) become part of the Republic of Ireland. D) join the Irish Republican Army. E) establish an independent republic. 72) The United Nations partition plan dividing Palestine placed Jerusalem under A) United Nations administration. B) Palestinian administration. C) a British Mandate. D) Israeli administration. E) divided administration. 72) 73) Palestinians include all but which of the following groups? 73) A) residents of territories occupied by Israel B) residents of refugee camps C) Muslim citizens of Israel D) Jewish citizens of Israel E) citizens of other states calling themselves Palestinians 74) Which of these penalties were imposed by the Taliban in 74) Afghanistan? A) Men were beaten for shaving their beards. B) Prostitutes were hanged in public, and men were stoned for committing adultery. C) Homosexuals were buried alive. D) Thieves' hands were cut off, and women with nail polish had their fingers cut off. E) All of these answers are correct. 75) What policy did the British follow in India? 75) A) They turned the problem over to the United Nations. B) They forced all of the Hindus to migrate. C) They required all education to be conducted in English. D) They divided India into three countries. E) They encouraged the abolition of the caste system.

23 76) From the Russian Revolution to the fall of the Soviet communist 76) government, what was the policy of the government towards religion? A) The old church was replaced by Eastern Orthodoxy. B) All churches were closed. C) Churches remained open but played a limited role. D) Nearly all marriages were performed by clergy. E) Youth were encouraged to attend so that they could be indoctrinated into communism. 77) Which of the following religions is also part of a territorial concern for the Chinese government? A) Christianity B) Hinduism C) Judaism D) Islam E) Buddhism 77) 78) It is reasonable to hypothesize that during the Mexican-American 78) War ( ) when some Irish soldiers deserted from the U.S. Army to join the Mexican Army instead, most were at least partly motivated by A) the commands of Protestant church leaders. B) anti-war philosophies prevalent in the Protestantism of the time. C) feelings of loyalty toward fellow Protestant immigrants. D) feelings of loyalty toward fellow Roman Catholics. E) feelings of loyalty toward nonreligious immigrants. 79) Given the geographic perspectives on religion that are discussed in 79) this chapter, we might hypothesize in addition that victorious Spanish soldiers in 1492 were partly motivated by A) a peaceful vision of their Roman Catholic faith. B) a fanatical "holy war" mentality and their Roman Catholic faith. C) a fanatical "holy war" mentality that they learned from Muslims, Jews, and Eastern Orthodox Christians. D) a fanatical "holy war" mentality and their Protestant faith. E) a nonreligious view of the world.

24 80) Given the Soviet Union's policies toward religion discussed in this 80) chapter, a historian could hypothesize that in the United States, Cold War opposition to the Soviet Union was accompanied by a heightened A) emphasis on religion as a weapon against "Godless communism." B) emphasis on religion as an area in which the United States was deficient. C) concern for scientific practices rather than religious practices. D) emphasis in nonreligious policies and programs. E) disregard for religious practices in Christian churches. 81) A universalizing religion 81) A) has celebrations that are almost entirely based on seasonal changes. B) is rarely transmitted through missionaries. C) is based on the physical characteristics of a particular location on Earth. D) is less likely to be used as a reason for violence than ethnic religions. E) appeals to people living in a wide variety of locations. 82) Adherents of which religion controlled much of present-day Spain until 1492, but not since then? A) Buddhism B) Islam C) Christianity D) Druze E) Hinduism 82) 83) The situation in Northern Ireland is the result of 83) A) Catholic protest against discrimination by Protestants. B) violence committed by extreme partisans on both sides. C) counties in Northern Ireland voting to remain in the United Kingdom. D) British colonial control which contributed to poor economic conditions. E) All of these answers are correct. 84) Adherents of which religion have controlled the Holy Land for most of the past 1,500 years? A) Christianity B) Sikhism 84)

25 C) Islam D) Hinduism E) Judaism 85) Israel has controlled all of Jerusalem since 85) A) the Six-Day War in B) partition of Palestine by the United Nations in C) the withdrawal of British rule in D) the Egyptian and Israeli peace treaty of E) the Arab-Israeli armistice of TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 86) Lutherans in the United States are concentrated in the southeast. 86)

26 87) Catholics in the United States are concentrated mainly in the northeast and southwest. 87) 88) Buddhism is the most important religion in India. 88) 89) As the maps in this chapter illustrate, Christianity has the most widespread geographic distribution of any religion. 90) As indicated on the maps in this chapter, the largest concentration of Eastern Orthodox Christians is in Eastern Europe. 89) 90) 91) Jerusalem is a holy city to all three major universalizing religions. 91) 92) Pilgrimages play a significant role in ethnic religions but not in universalizing religions. 92) 93) Natural landscape features are the holiest places in Islam. 93) 94) The Ganges is the most holy river for Muslims. 94) 95) In terms of sacred sites and places of worship, an ethnic religion is usually more geographically concentrated than a universalizing religion. 95) 96) The majority of people in Lebanon are Jewish. 96)

27 97) After the 1917 Revolution, the communists closed all churches in the Soviet Union. 97) 98) Islam is a less hierarchical religion than Christianity. 98) 99) The most troublesome religious boundary in Western Europe is in Ireland. 99)