Galatians* History and Background

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1 History and Background Galatians* Ancient Galatia was an area in the highlands of central Anatolia (Ankara, Çorum, Yozgat Province) in modern Turkey. Galatia was named for the immigrant Gauls from Thrace, who settled here and became its ruling caste in the 3rd century BC, following the Gallic invasion of the Balkans in 279 BC. It has been called the "Gallia" of the East, Roman writers calling its inhabitants Galli (Gaul or Celt). The Galatians themselves were not literate, and their name for themselves remains unknown. (Wikipedia) In 1 Peter 1:1-2, Peter listed Galatia as one of the places too which Jewish Christian were scattered: 1 Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, To the pilgrims of the Dispersion in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia, 2 elect according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, in sanctification of the Spirit, for obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ: Mysia.svg: Emokderivative work: Mysia_map_ancient_community.jpg: User:Roke derivative work: MinisterForBadTimes (talk) On his second missionary journey in Acts 16:6-7, Paul traveled throughout the region: 6 Now when they had gone through Phrygia and the region of Galatia, they were forbidden by the Holy Spirit to preach the word in Asia. 7 After they had come to Mysia, they tried to go into Bithynia, but the Spirit did not permit them. Later on his third journey Paul visited Galatia again, as recorded in Acts 18:23: 23 After he had spent some time there, he departed and went over the region of Galatia and Phrygia in order, strengthening all the disciples. During one of these visits Paul became ill and reported it in Gal 4:13-15: Copyright 1985 By the Moody Bible Institute of Chicago 13 You know that because of physical infirmity I preached the gospel to you at the first. 14 And my trial which was in my flesh you did not despise or reject, but you received me as an angel of God, even as Christ Jesus. * Scriptures are NKJV unless noted otherwise.

2 Greeting: Gal 1:1-5 GALATIANS 1 1 Paul, an apostle (not from men nor through man, but through Jesus Christ and God the Father who raised Him from the dead), 2 and all the brethren who are with me, To the churches of Galatia: 3 Grace to you and peace from God the Father and our Lord Jesus Christ, 4 who gave Himself for our sins, that He might deliver us from this present evil age, according to the will of our God and Father, 5 to whom be glory forever and ever. Amen. Paul begins the letter attesting to his apostleship, which establishes the authenticity of the Galatian letter as the inspired word of God. He addresses the letter to the churches in Galatia, where church means, literally, called out body or congregation. Church is used also in a geographic sense, hence, congregations in Galatia. The grace of God and the gift of Jesus for our sins constitute the core of the salutation. Eph 2:4-7 also uses this grace (unmerited favor) and the resurrection of Christ to explain God s incomparable kindness toward believers: 4 But God, who is rich in mercy, because of His great love with which He loved us, 5 even when we were dead in trespasses, made us alive together with Christ (by grace you have been saved), 6 and raised us up together, and made us sit together in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus, 7 that in the ages to come He might show the exceeding riches of His grace in His kindness toward us in Christ Jesus. This gift of God s grace makes salvation possible in every way. Titus 2:11-14 teaches: 11 For the grace of God that brings salvation has appeared to all men, 12 teaching us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly in the present age, 13 looking for the blessed hope and glorious appearing of our great God and Copyright 1985 By the Moody Bible Institute of Chicago Savior Jesus Christ, 14 who gave Himself for us, that He might redeem us from every lawless deed and purify for Himself His own special people, zealous for good works. Only One Gospel: Gal 1: I marvel that you are turning away so soon from Him who called you in the grace of Christ, to a different gospel, 7 which is not another; but there are some who trouble you and want to pervert the gospel of Christ. 8 But even if we, or an angel from heaven, preach any other gospel to you than what we have preached to you, let him be accursed. 9 As we have said before, so now I say again, if anyone preaches any other gospel to you than what you have received, let him be accursed. 2

3 10 For do I now persuade men, or God? Or do I seek to please men? For if I still pleased men, I would not be a bondservant of Christ. This statement, contrasting the one true gospel with other perverted gospel, establishes once and for all the certainty and integrity of the unchanging gospel of Christ. The Gospel Is the Truth In Eph 1:13-14, the gospel is the word of truth and it alone can guarantee our inheritance and redemption: 13 In Him you also trusted, after you heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation; in whom also, having believed, you were sealed with the Holy Spirit of promise, 14 who is the guarantee of our inheritance until the redemption of the purchased possession, to the praise of His glory. Our very hope of heaven depends on God s grace in all of its truth the gospel. Col 1:5-8 teaches: 5 because of the hope which is laid up for you in heaven, of which you heard before in the word of the truth of the gospel, 6 which has come to you, as it has also in all the world, and is bringing forth fruit, as it is also among you since the day you heard and knew the grace of God in truth; 7 as you also learned from Epaphras, our dear fellow servant, who is a faithful minister of Christ on your behalf, 8 who also declared to us your love in the Spirit. The Gospel Is the Power of God for Salvation Therefore, the mighty power of God for salvation is the gospel in which is reveal righteousness, according to Rom 1:16-17: 16 For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ, for it is the power of God to salvation for everyone who believes, for the Jew first and also for the Greek. 17 For in it the righteousness of God is revealed from faith to faith; as it is written, "The just shall live by faith." Only If We Hold Firmly to the Word It is the gospel that Paul preached; it is the gospel, which we received and on which we take our stand; it is the gospel by which we are saved; but only if we hold firmly to the word preached! Everything else is vain. 1 Cor 15:1-2 reads: 15 Moreover, brethren, I declare to you the gospel which I preached to you, which also you received and in which you stand, 2 by which also you are saved, if you hold fast that word which I preached to you unless you believed in vain. This is the certain, true, unchanging gospel of Jesus Christ born of his sacrifice of his death, burial, and resurrection as stated in 1 Cor 15:3-6: 3 For I delivered to you first of all that which I also received: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, 4 and that He was buried, and that He rose again the third day according to the Scriptures, 5 and that He was seen by Cephas, then by the twelve. The Gospel Is Not Made Up: Gal 1: 11 I want you to know, brothers, that the gospel I preached is not something that man made up. 12 I did not receive it from any man, nor was I taught it; rather, I received it by revelation from Jesus Christ. 3

4 Anything that man adds to the gospel or takes away perverts the gospel rendering its power ineffectual no true gospel, no salvation. Paul explains here and in Eph 3:2-6 exactly how the gospel came to the apostles: 2 if indeed you have heard of the dispensation of the grace of God which was given to me for you, 3 how that by revelation He made known to me the mystery (as I have briefly written already, 4 by which, when you read, you may understand my knowledge in the mystery of Christ), 5 which in other ages was not made known to the sons of men, as it has now been revealed by the Spirit to His holy apostles and prophets: 6 that the Gentiles should be fellow heirs, of the same body, and partakers of His promise in Christ through the gospel, The Penalty for Perversion Is Eternal Condemnation Anyone even an apostle or an angel from heaven who preaches another gospel or perverts the gospel of Christ is to be eternally condemned. In older translations, the Greek and English words are the same anathema, cursed in the worst possible way. It is clear: all the religions of today that change the teaching of Jesus are condemned. The exception is those who practice New Testament Christianity just exactly as it was revealed through the apostles and prophets. Call to Apostleship (cf. Acts 9:1-25): Gal 1: But I make known to you, brethren, that the gospel which was preached by me is not according to man. 12 For I neither received it from man, nor was I taught it, but it came through the revelation of Jesus Christ. 13 For you have heard of my former conduct in Judaism, how I persecuted the church of God beyond measure and tried to destroy it. 14 And I advanced in Judaism beyond many of my contemporaries in my own nation, being more exceedingly zealous for the traditions of my fathers. 15 But when it pleased God, who separated me from my mother's womb and called me through His grace, 16 to reveal His Son in me, that I might preach Him among the Gentiles, I did not immediately confer with flesh and blood, 17 nor did I go up to Jerusalem to those who were apostles before me; but I went to Arabia, and returned again to Damascus. Paul discussed way of life as a fervent Jew in Phil 3:4-6:... though I also might have confidence in the flesh. If anyone else thinks he may have confidence in the flesh, I more so: 5 circumcised the eighth day, of the stock of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of the Hebrews; concerning the law, a Pharisee; 6 concerning zeal, persecuting the church; concerning the righteousness which is in the law, blameless. Acts 22:2-5 describes Paul s previous life in his own words: Acts 22:2-5 Then he said: 3 "I am indeed a Jew, born in Tarsus of Cilicia, but brought up in this city at the feet of Gamaliel, taught according to the strictness of our fathers' law, and was zealous toward God as you all are today. 4 I persecuted this Way to the death, binding and delivering into prisons both men and women, 5 as also the high priest bears me witness, and all the council of the elders, from whom I also received letters to the brethren, and went to Damascus to bring in chains even those who were there to Jerusalem to be punished. In Acts 8:1-3, we are offered a real life view of Paul, called then Saul, persecuting the church: Now Saul was consenting to his death. 4

5 At that time a great persecution arose against the church which was at Jerusalem; and they were all scattered throughout the regions of Judea and Samaria, except the apostles. 2 And devout men carried Stephen to his burial, and made great lamentation over him. 3 As for Saul, he made havoc of the church, entering every house, and dragging off men and women, committing them to prison. On the day of Saul s conversion, he was on his way to persecute the saints in Damascus, recorded in Acts 9:1-3: 9 Then Saul, still breathing threats and murder against the disciples of the Lord, went to the high priest 2 and asked letters from him to the synagogues of Damascus, so that if he found any who were of the Way, whether men or women, he might bring them bound to Jerusalem. Contacts at Jerusalem (cf. Acts 9:26-31): Gal 1: Then after three years I went up to Jerusalem to see Peter, and remained with him fifteen days. 19 But I saw none of the other apostles except James, the Lord's brother. 20 (Now concerning the things which I write to you, indeed, before God, I do not lie.) 21 Afterward I went into the regions of Syria and Cilicia. 22 And I was unknown by face to the churches of Judea which were in Christ. 23 But they were hearing only, "He who formerly persecuted us now preaches the faith which he once tried to destroy." 24 And they glorified God in me. Acts 9:19-31 offers additional details of Paul s life after his conversion: 19 So when he had received food, he was strengthened. Then Saul spent some days with the disciples at Damascus. 20 Immediately he preached the Christ in the synagogues, that He is the Son of God. 21 Then all who heard were amazed, and said, "Is this not he who destroyed those who called on this name in Jerusalem, and has come here for that purpose, so that he might bring them bound to the chief priests?" 22 But Saul increased all the more in strength, and confounded the Jews who dwelt in Damascus, proving that this Jesus is the Christ. 23 Now after many days were past, the Jews plotted to kill him. 24 But their plot became known to Saul. And they watched the gates day and night, to kill him. 25 Then the disciples took him by night and let him down through the wall in a large basket. 26 And when Saul had come to Jerusalem, he tried to join the disciples; but they were all afraid of him, and did not believe that he was a disciple. 27 But Barnabas took him and brought him to the apostles. And he declared to them how he had seen the Lord on the road, and that He had spoken to him, and how he had preached boldly at Damascus in the name of Jesus. 28 So he was with them at Jerusalem, coming in and going out. 29 And he spoke boldly in the name of the Lord Jesus and disputed against the Hellenists, but they attempted to kill him. 30 When the brethren found out, they brought him down to Caesarea and sent him out to Tarsus. 5