Colonial Period Ben Windle

Transcription

1 Colonial Period Ben Windle

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4 Corporate Colony Proprietary Colony Royal Colony Started by investors, for profit Gifted to individuals by British Crown Controlled by British Crown Jamestown Maryland, Pennsylvania, Carolinas All at some point

5 Southern Middle New England For Profit Diversity Initial religious motivations Virginia Maryland Carolinas Georgia Pennsylvania New York Massachusetts Connecticut Rhode Island

6 Jamestown, 1607 Settled by a jointstock company for the sole purpose of turning a profit Soldiers and miners sent John Smith- saves colony from collapse

7 So great was our famine, that a Salvage we slew, and buried, the poorer sort tooke him up againe and eat him, and so did divers one another boyled and stewed with roots and herbs: And one amongst the rest did kill his wife, powdered her, and had eaten part of her before it was knowne, for which hee was executed, as hee well deserved; now whether shee was better roasted, boyled or carbonado d, I know not, but of such a dish as powdered wife I never heard of. This was that time, which still to this day we called the starving time... - John Smith, 1609

8 John Rolfe's Impact In 1612 John Rolfe experiments with tobacco and begins a paradigmshift From 1617 to 1793 tobacco was the most valuable staple export from the English American mainland colonies and the United States. Rolfe and Pocahontas married in 1614

9 Incentives for Colonization Push Factors Pull Factors Overcrowding, poverty, high unemployment, religious persecution Head-Rights- 50 acres of land House of Burgessesrepresentative government Virginia becomes Royal Colony in 1624

10 Bacon's Rebellion leads to increased slavery Virginia

11 Maryland, 1634 Founded by Sir Lord Baltimore as a Catholic safe-haven Maryland Act of Toleration Produced tobacco Sir Lord Baltimore

12 Carolina, 1670 Ties to British West Indies Produced Rice and Indigo First colony with a majority black population Stono Rebellion- in 1739, led to more restrictions on black slaves % of population was black

13 Georgia, 1732 Founded by James Oglethorpe as a defensive buffer between Spanish Florida and the profitable Carolina Penal colony James Oglethorpe

14 New York, 1624 Originally settled by the Dutch- "New Netherlands" Fur-trading Post English take control of colony in 1664 Dutch flag leaves but many Dutch settlers did not

15 Pennsylvania, 1681 Penn set up colony as safe haven for Quakers Pennsylvania becomes very tolerant society William Penn "Holy Experiment"

16 Massachusetts Bay, Separatists/Pilgrims

17 Massachusetts Bay, 1630 Non-Separatist/Puritans Creation of Utopian Society New England Way of Life John Winthrop "A City Upon a Hill"

18 The New England Way Profane no Divine ordinance. Touch no state matters. Urge no healths. Pick no quarrels. Encourage no vice. Repeat no grievances. Reveal no secrets. Maintain no ill opinions. Make no comparisons. Keep no bad company. Make no long meals. Lay no wagers. -The twelve good rules of Puritan behavior

19 The New England Way Surely there is in all children...a stubbornness and stoutness of mind arising from natural pride, which must, in the first place be broken and beaten down; that so the foundation of their education being laid in humility and tractableness, other virtues may, in their time, be built thereon. For the beating and keeping down of this stubbornness parents must provide carefully...that the children's wills and willfulness be restrained and repressed... - John Robinson

20 The New England Way God's universal law gave to man despotic power Over his female in due awe. - John Milton

21 The New England Way The God that holds you over the pit of hell, much as one holds a spider or some loathsome insect over the fire, abhors you and is dreadfully provoked. His wrath toward you burns like fire; he looks upon you as worthy of nothing else but to be cast into the fire. - Johnathan Edwards, 1734

22 Erosion of New England Way Two reasons Utopias fail Dissenters 2nd generations typically aren't as enthusiastic

23 Roger Williams Supported separation of church and state Banished- founder of Rhode Island

24 Anne Hutchinson Preached the idea that God communicated directly to individuals instead of through church elders "You have stepped out of your place"

25 The court hath already declared themselves satisfied concerning the things you [Mrs. Ann Hutchinson] hear, and concerning the troublesomness of her spirit, and the danger of her course amongst us, which is not to be suffered. Therefore if it be the mind of the court that Mrs. Hutchinson for these things that appear before us is unfit for our society, and if it be the mind of the court that she shall be banished out of our liberties and imprisoned till she be sent away.... Mrs. Hutchinson, the sentence of the court you hear is that you are banished from out of our jurisdiction as being a woman not fit for our society, and are to be imprisoned till the court shall send you away. Trial Transcript, 1637

26 Erosion of New England Way Halfway Covenant Jeremiad Preachers

27 First Great Awakening 1730's-1740's religious revival swept all 13 colonies "New Lights" vs "Old Lights" 1) First Culturally Unifying Event 2) Creation of different denominations

28 First Great Awakening George Whitefield Jonathan Edwards

29 Jonathan Edwards "The God that holds you over the pit of hell, much as one holds a spider or some loathsome insect over the fire, abhors you and is dreadfully provoked. His wrath toward you burns like fire; he looks upon you as worthy of nothing else but to be cast into the fire." -Jonathan Edwards, 1734 Most famous sermon- "Sinners in the hands of an angry God" -Jonathan Edwards, 1741

30 Dominion of New England, Mercantilism- colony should benefit the mothercountry Sir Edmund Andros, royal governor- strictly enforces mercantile policy Glorious Revolution in England puts William and Mary in powermercantilism loosely enforced

31 Period of Salutary Neglect Glorious Revolution, 1688 Proclamation of 1763 Period of Salutary Neglect Colonist are essentially left to themselves; Mercantilism is loosely enforced until King George III takes the throne

32 Odd and Ends Peter Zenger Trial- freedom of the press Phyliss Wheatley- colonial female black poet All 13 colonies allowed slavery at some point Fundamental Orders of Connecticut- first constitution