Church History Overview

Transcription

1 Church History Overview quipping od s people R A C I P A K race ible College Church A Ministry of race Community Church 872 Clearfield Ave, Chesapeake VA (757) Year Period I The arly Church Lesson 1 Apostolic Church Lesson 2 Roman Persecution Lesson 3 The Holy Roman mpire II The Middle Ages History Lesson 4 yzantine Christianity Lesson 5 Supremacy of the Papacy Lesson 6 awn of nlightenment Present III Reformation & Revival Lesson 7 Age of the Reformation Lesson 8 Age of Reason Lesson 9 Revivals & Missions Present Lesson 10 Rise of enominationalism Page 1

2 quipping od s people R A C I P A K A Ministry of race Community Church 872 Clearfield Ave, Chesapeake VA (757) quipping od s people R A C I P A K A Ministry of race Community Church 872 Clearfield Ave, Chesapeake VA (757) Lesson 9 Revivals & Missions ( ) A Spiritual Revivals 1 The Protestant Reformation ( ) Lesson 7 a Key Figures: Martin Luther ( ), William Tyndale ( ), John Knox ( ), John Calvin ( ) b Where: Mainly urope c mphasis: Sola Scriptura - Putting od s Word into the hands of the common man 2 The First reat Awakening (1730 s-1743) Lesson 8 a Key Figures: Jonathan dwards ( ), eorge Whitefield ( ) 3 Third reat Awakening (1850 s-early 1900 s) a Key Figures: wight L Moody ( ) b Where: Wales c mphasis: 4 The Welsh Revival ( ) a Key Figures: van Roberts ( ) b Where: Wales c mphasis: Social activisim Work of the Holy Spirt in producing holiness & personal morality b Where: egan in ngland and crossed over to the American Colonies Personal repentance & faith in Christ c mphasis: Methodism 1 Origin 3 The Second reat Awakening (Late 1800) a Key Figures: Francis Asbury and Peter Cartwright (Methodists) b Where: Post American Revolution - Newly formed nation of America c mphasis: Traveling revivals & camp meetings; huge growth in number of churches and attendance a John Wesley ( ) and Charles Wesley ( ) started The Holy Club while attending Oxford University, ngland The goal of the Holy Club was to live a holy life through systematic fasting, abstaining from most forms of amusement and luxury, and frequently visiting the sick, the poor, and those in prison b Mocked as Methodists by their fellow students because of the way they used rule and method to go about their religious affairs c John Wesley travelled 250,000 miles on horseback and preached more than 40,000 sermons Charles Wesley composed over 6,000 hymns, many still in common use today Page 2 Page 3

3 quipping od s people R A C I P A K A Ministry of race Community Church 872 Clearfield Ave, Chesapeake VA (757) d eorge Whitefield ( ) was a minister in the Church of ngland and also one of the leaders of the Methodist movement Whitefield parted ways with Wesley over the doctrine of predestination After Whitefield s death, John Wesley was approached by a woman who asked, Mr Wesley, do you expect to see Mr Whitefield in heaven? A lengthy pause followed, after which John Wesley replied with great seriousness, No, madam eorge Whitefield was so bright a star in the firmament of od s glory, and will stand so near the throne, that one like me, who am less than the least, will never catch a glimpse of him e Methodism originated as a revival within the 18th-century Church of ngland and became a separate Church following Wesley s death 2 rowth a ecause of vigorous missionary activity, the movement spread throughout the ritish mpire, the United States b Methodism grew rapidly in the Second reat Awakening, becoming the nation s largest denomination by 1820 From 58,000 members in 1790, it reached 258,000 in 1820 and 1,661,000 in 1860, growing by a factor of 286 in 70 years, while the total American population grew by a factor of 8 quipping od s people R A C I P A K A Ministry of race Community Church 872 Clearfield Ave, Chesapeake VA (757) C The Advent of Modern Missions ( ) 1 William Carey ( ) William Carey is called the father of modern missions At age 12, Carey taught himself Latin Later, also on his own, he mastered reek, Hebrew, French, and utch Carey was a ritish missionary to India who translated the complete ible into 6 languages, and portions into 29 others, yet he never attended the equivalent of high school or college Carey never took a furlough from missionary service He lived and worked in India for nearly 41 years xpect great things from od; attempt great things for od 2 Henry Martyn ( ) Henry Maryn was a missionary to India and Persia Ordained in the Church of ngland and became a chaplain for the ritish ast India Company Martyn arrived in India in 1806, where he preached the ospel and translated the whole of the New Testament into Urdu and Persian The spirit of Christ is the spirit of missions The nearer we get to Him, the more intensely missionary we become 3 avid Livingstone ( ) avid Livingstone was a medical missionary with the London Missionary Society He spent most of his life in Africa as an explorer and doctor Livingstone was driven to map the continent of Africa in preparation for the many missionaries who would come after him If a commission by an earthly king is considered a honor, how can a commission by a Heavenly King be considered a sacrifice? od had an only Son and He made Him a missionary The best remedy for a sick church is to put it on a missionary diet Page 4 Page 5

4 quipping od s people R A C I P A K A Ministry of race Community Church 872 Clearfield Ave, Chesapeake VA (757) quipping od s people R A C I P A K A Ministry of race Community Church 872 Clearfield Ave, Chesapeake VA (757) James Hudson Taylor ( ) A ritish Christian missionary to China and founder of the China Inland Mission (CIM) Taylor spent 51 years in China and is known for his respect for the Chinese culture He was widely criticized in his home country of ngland at the time for dressing like a China man in his efforts to blend in while sharing the ospel This practice made him much more accepted by the people when he preached od s work done in od s way will never lack od s supply The reat Commission is not an option to be considered; it is a command to be obeyed Christ is either Lord of all, or He is not Lord at all 5 Jonathan oforth ( ) Jonathan oforth and his wife went to China in 1888 as traditional missionaries, he soon found a need for short-term trips as an vangelist Instead of staying in one place and establishing a church and mission station, he traveled in various regions in China helping to encourage the believers and evangelize the lost Seek each day to do or say something to further Christianity among the heathen 6 Amy Carmichael ( ) Amy Carmichael was an Irish missionary who served in India for 56 years without ever returning to her homeland Her primary work was with orphans in the southern region of India She was influenced to consider a career in missions after hearing Hudson Taylor speak about the need for missionaries in China You can give without loving, but you cannot love without giving Rise of Non-Christian eliefs 1 Rationalism ained prominence in the 17th century Lesson 8 Man can know everything through science and human reason, not divine revelation escartes, Leibniz, Spinoza, Voltaire 2 eism ained prominence in the 17th-18th centuries Lesson 8 Like a watchmaker, od wound up the universe to run on its own enies anything supernatural: divine revelation, miracles, prophecies, deity of Christ Most famous proponent: Thomas Jefferson, cf The Jefferson ible 3 Universalism John Murray, the founder of organized Universalism, 1770 ecause of od s divine mercy and love, all people of all religious, as well as non-religious people, will be reconciled to od 4 Mormonism Joseph Smith founded the Church of Latter ay Saints, 1830 Joseph Smith taught and practices polygamy According to Joseph Smith, the angel Moroni appeared to him as a teenager and led him to some golden plates in Palmyra New York, which Smith translated into the book of Mormon The ook of Mormon describes a Jewish civilization that supposedly lived in the Americas for a thousand years, from 420 C to 600 A ven Mormon scholars, anthropologists and archeologists report absolutely no archeological support for the ook of Mormon Mormons believe that od was once a man and man can become ods through eternal progression Hence there are many ods THose that progress to The Trinity is three separate ods The Father and the Son have physical bodies Jesus and Lucifer are brothers Jesus was married to Mary Magdalene and had children Page 6 Page 7

5 quipping od s people R A C I P A K A Ministry of race Community Church 872 Clearfield Ave, Chesapeake VA (757) quipping od s people R A C I P A K A Ministry of race Community Church 872 Clearfield Ave, Chesapeake VA (757) Seventh-ay Adventists William Miller founded the Adventists in the 1840 s Miller predicted the return of Christ on October 22, 1844 When Jesus did not appear, the date became known as the reat isappointment Prophetess llen White s writings are considered an inspired and authoritative source of truth Instead of returning to earth, Christ entered into the Holy of Holies in heaven in 1844 to perform His closing work of atonement and investigative judgement Our sins will eventually be place on Satan, their originator Those only who through faith in Christ obey all of od s commandments will reach the condition of sinlessness in which Adam lived before his transgression To be redeemed means to cease from sin Those who worship on Sunday will receive the mark of the beast elieve in soul sleep Hell is temporary because unbelievers will eventually be annihilated 6 arwinism Charles arwin published Origin of Species, 1859 volution takes place through mutation, survival of the the fittest and natural selection Predicted millions of transitional forms in the archeological record 7 Jehovah s Witnesses Charles Russel founded Jehovah s Witnesses in 1870 The JW s New World Translation of the ible is a deliberate mistranslation to support their false doctrines None of its creators had any theological training or knowledge of reek and Hebrew The Trinity does not exist and is an evil doctrine Jesus is a created being AKA the archangel Michael Salvation must be earned through good works 144,000 JW s go to heaven, other JW s spend eternity on earth, rest annihilated 8 Christian Science Founded by Mary aker ddy, 1879 ddy published Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures in 1875 Her book is called the glasses the ible is to be read through and the final authority for all members of the Christian Science religion They use her book to understand and unlock the ibles true meaning Our physical bodies, sin, sickness and death do not exist, they are only in our imagination Heaven and Hell are not real Heaven is being in complete harmony with od and Hell is being outside that harmony od is referred to as Father-Mother od is devoid of any personality Jesus was just a very good man The Holy Spirit is not a od, but the idea of divine science Man already has everlasting salvation; there is no final judgment 9 Holiness Movement merged from 19th-century Methodism, ntire sanctification by which a person can life a sinlessly perfect life is accomplished instantaneously through the baptism of the Holy Spirit and is a second work of grace after salvation, 1893 Martin Well Knapp ( ) founded the International [Apostolic] Holiness Church (IHC) Page 8 Page 9

6 quipping od s people R A C I P A K A Ministry of race Community Church 872 Clearfield Ave, Chesapeake VA (757) A Few Famous Fruitful Figures ( ) 1 Jonathan dwards (October 5, March 22, 1758) Resolved, never to do anything which I would be afraid to do if it were the last hour of my life - Jonathan dwards Jonathan dwards was a Christian preacher, philosopher, and theologian, and widely acknowledged to be America s most important and original philosophical theologian, and one of America s greatest intellectuals dwards was born in ast Windsor, Connecticut The only son in a family of eleven children, he entered Yale in September, 1716 when he was not yet thirteen and graduated four years later (1720) as valedictorian He received his Masters three years later dwards spiritual upbringing culminated in his conversion in 1721 after being impacted by the words of 1 Timothy 1:17, Now unto the King eternal, immortal, invisible, the only wise od, be honor and glory for ever and ever Amen In 1727 he married Sarah Pierpont Then 17, Sarah was from a storied New ngland clerical family: her father was James Pierpont ( ), the head founder of Yale College She was of a bright and cheerful disposition, a practical housekeeper, a model wife and the mother of his 11 children dwards played a critical role in shaping the First reat Awakening, and oversaw some of the first revivals in at his church in Northampton, Massachusetts dwards delivered the his famous sermon Sinners in the Hands of an Angry od, in nfield, Connecticut on July 8, 1741 dwards died from a smallpox inoculation shortly after beginning the presidency at the College of New Jersey (Princeton) in 1758 He was the grandfather of Aaron urr, third Vice President of the United States He was called the godliest man of that age quipping od s people R A C I P A K A Ministry of race Community Church 872 Clearfield Ave, Chesapeake VA (757) eorge Müller (September 27, March 10, 1898) I have joyfully dedicated my whole life to the object of exemplifying how much may be accomplished by prayer and faith - eorge Müller A Christian evangelist and orphanage director in ristol, ngland, cared for 17,000 orphans in his life He also established 117 schools which offered Christian education to over 120,000 children, many of them being orphans eorge Müller was born in Prussia As a child he was a habitual thief, liar, gambler and cheat When he was 14, as his mother lay dying, he was roaming the streets in a drunken state In 1825, at age 20, Müller received Christ at a prayer meeting: At last I saw Christ as my Savior I believed in Him and gave myself to Him The burden rolled off me and a great love of Christ filled my soul Müller moved to London in 1829 and a year later married Soon the Müllers were housing orphans in their own home Charles ickens book Oliver Twist (1838) describes the condition of orphans in London during the beginning of the industrial revolution y 1870, 1,722 children were being accommodated in five homes that had been built Through all this, Müller never made requests for financial support, nor did he go into debt, even though the five homes cost over 100,000 to build Many times, he received unsolicited food donations only hours before they were needed to feed the children On one occasion, they gave thanks for breakfast when all the children were sitting at the table, even though there was nothing to eat in the house As they finished praying, the baker knocked on the door with sufficient fresh bread to feed everyone, and the milkman gave them plenty of fresh milk because his cart broke down in front of the orphanage Müller believed that more than thirty thousand souls came to know Christ in answer to prayer For some he prayed more than 50 years: I have been praying every day for fifty-two years for two men, sons of a friend of my youth They are not converted yet, but they will be! Within months of his passing, the last friend on his prayer list was converted Page 10 Page 11

7 quipping od s people R A C I P A K A Ministry of race Community Church 872 Clearfield Ave, Chesapeake VA (757) quipping od s people R A C I P A K A Ministry of race Community Church 872 Clearfield Ave, Chesapeake VA (757) Charles Haddon Spurgeon (June 19, January 31, 1892) A ible that s falling apart usually belongs to someone who isn t - Charles Spurgeon A ritish preacher, known as the Prince of Preachers Spurgeon had no formal education, but was very well-read His personal library eventually exceeded 12,000 volumes In April 1854, after preaching three months on probation and just four years after his conversion, Spurgeon, then only 19, was called to the pastorate of London s famed New Park Street Chapel, In 1856 he married Susannah Thompson; their only children, twin sons Thomas and Charles, were born on September 20, 1857 On 18 March 1861, his congregation moved permanently to the newly constructed Metropolitan Tabernacle in Southwark, seating 5000 people with standing room for another 1000 The Metropolitan Tabernacle was the largest church edifice of its day Spurgeon continued to preach there several times per week until his death 31 years later He never gave altar calls at the conclusion of his sermons, but he always extended the invitation that if anyone was moved to seek an interest in Christ by his preaching on a Sunday, they could meet with him at his vestry on Monday morning Spurgeon became close friends with James Hudson Taylor, the founder of China Inland Mission Spurgeon supported the work of the mission financially and directed many missionary candidates to apply for service with Taylor It is estimated that in his lifetime, Spurgeon preached to around 10,000,000 people He published 49 volumes of commentaries and devotionals during his lifetime, and the complete collection of his sermons fills 63 volumes, making it the largest set of books by a single author in the history of Christianity 4 wight Lyman Moody (February 5, ecember 22, 1899) I never saw a fruit-bearing Christian who was not a student of the ible - wight L Moody American evangelist and publisher, who founded the Moody Church, the Moody ible Institute, and Moody Publishers Together with eight siblings he was raised in the Unitarian church His father died when Moody was 4 His mother never encouraged wight to read the ible Moody only acquired the equivalent of a fifth-grade education Although never possessing a formal education, Moody was an incessant student always wanting to know more about theology even as he was teaching others When Moody turned 17, he moved to oston to work in an uncle s shoe store One of the uncle s requirements was that Moody attend his Christian church In April 1855, at age 18, Moody was converted to Christianity by his Sunday school teacher, dward Kimball Moody worked with the Young Men s Christian Association (YMCA) from 1861 to 1873 As president of the Chicago YMCA for four years, he championed evangelistic causes such as distributing tracts throughout the city, and held daily noon prayer meetings The reat Chicago Fire in October 1871 destroyed Moody s church, his home, and the YMCA After the fire Moody was impressed with this thought: preaching the Kingdom of od, not social work, would change the world He now devoted his immense energies solely to the evangelization of the world in this generation L Moody made a covenant with od that he would witness to at least one person each day One night, about ten o clock, he realized that he had not yet spoken to anyone about their need for Christ; so he got out of bed, got dressed, and in the Chicago snow, went out in to the street and spoke to a man standing by a lamppost stimates vary, but wight is thought to have led as many as a million people to confess faith in Christ Page 12 Page 13