THE LETTER OF PAUL TO THE ROMANS

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1 THE LETTER OF PAUL TO THE ROMANS AN IN-DEPTH STUDY OF ROMANS 1-8 Write Your Name Here Brentwood Hills Church of Christ Fall Quarter, 2011

2 - Lesson 1 - BRENTWOOD HILLS CHURCH OF CHRIST ADULT EDUCATION PROGRAM MISSION AND GUIDELINES STATEMENT The mission of the Brentwood Hills Church of Christ education program is to build up and equip the body of Christ by adding knowledge to our faith, hope, love, and unity for life in the Spirit and service in ministry by: Promoting text-centered Bible study in an open and acceptant group environment, making plain the glory and Lordship of Jesus Christ; Encouraging and inspiring individual spiritual growth through day-by-day personal devotion, Bible study, and prayer; and Facilitating through Bible study together the creation of Christian relationships that focus on knowing and loving God, serving Him, and keeping his commandments. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES Sunday morning classes should be devoted to concentrated study of the Bible. Wednesday night class times may be used for textual studies, topical studies, and/or prayer time, but in all cases should be Bible-text based. At least 40 minutes should be allowed for Bible study time, both on Sundays and Wednesdays

3 - Lesson 1 - Class themes, texts, and teachers should be selected consistent with the Mission and Guidelines Statement and in collaboration with the respective class chairpersons. Ongoing teacher training should be provided both to equip new teachers and to prepare teachers for upcoming classes. All proposed themes, texts, teachers, and supplementary materials must be submitted to the Elders for review and approval at least three months in advance of the beginning of classes and announcement to the congregation. Class and program success should be measured against the Mission and Guidelines Statement. Each Elder should be actively involved in the various classes, whether by teaching periodically or by other active and visible class roles. At the conclusion of this study, each student will be encouraged to complete a Course Evaluation Survey as a means to providing the Adult Education Committee with helpful feedback. Please help us evaluate this material against the above requirements. Thank you! - 3 -

4 - Lesson 1 - The Letter of Paul to the Romans Cover Designed and Book Printed by Allen Printing, Inc., Nashville Tennessee Copyright 2011 by Lamar Bowman and Brentwood Hills Church of Christ. Permission is granted to display, copy, distribute and/or download these Bible lessons (without Scripture passages) for non-commercial use only. The lessons were developed by Lamar Bowman and reviewed and approved by the Brentwood Hills Church of Christ Adult Education Committee. All Scripture quotations, unless otherwise indicated, are taken from the 1984 edition of the HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION, NIV. Copyright 1973, 1978, 1984, and 2010 by the International Bible Society. Used by permission of Zondervan. All rights reserved. Permission is NOT granted for copying and distributing the Scripture quotations with each lesson except for use at Brentwood Hills Church of Christ, which has been given written permission by Zondervan. Other interested parties should contact Zondervan for their permission guidelines. For information or permissions, please contact: Brentwood Hills Church of Christ Attn: Adult Education Committee Chairman 5120 Franklin Road Nashville, Tennessee

5 - Lesson 1 - Table of Contents Introduction...6 Lesson 1: Romans 1: Lesson 2: Romans 1: Lesson 3: Romans 2: Lesson 4: Romans 3: Lesson 5: Romans 3: Lesson 6: Romans 4: Lesson 7: Romans 5: Lesson 8: Romans 5: Lesson 9: Romans 6:1-7: Lesson 10: Romans 7: Lesson 11: Romans 8: Lesson 12: Romans 8: Lesson 13: Conclusion...71 End of Course Survey

6 - Lesson 1 - Introduction These are the words of the apostle Peter following the description of the return Jesus and the establishment of the new heaven and new earth: So then, dear friends, since you are looking forward to this, make every effort to be found spotless, blameless and at peace with him. Bear in mind that our Lord s patience means salvation, just as our dear brother Paul also wrote you with the wisdom that God gave him. He writes the same way in all his letters, speaking in them of these matters. His letters contain some things that are hard to understand, which ignorant and unstable people distort, as they do the other Scriptures, to their own destruction. (2 Peter 3:14-16, NIV) No truer words can be used to describe Paul s writings. The complexity of Romans attests to this. Although many claim it be their favorite book, some of its content goes unstudied and ignored. The beauty of its first eight chapters touches the heart of many looking to discover the richness of God s grace, despite the difficulties in understanding these texts. However, when chapter nine rears its head, the beauty of Paul s theology for many begins to crumble. Three entire chapters are dedicated to this question: what about God s promises to the nation of Israel? How could that have made its way into a book about God s work in Christ? The last portion of the book is filled with a hodgepodge of ethical and moral teachings and a call to be civically responsible, evidently addressing problems plaguing the Roman church. How could a book so intent on proclaiming the gospel end up there? The answer is that Paul wrote this book to address specific issues that the believers in Rome were struggling to overcome or would soon be in facing. Contrary to what was believed in the past, the epistle of Romans was not simply Paul s unhindered treatise on the gospel. It was Paul s view of the gospel in light of the controversy afflicting the church in Rome. In AD 49, the Emperor Claudius expelled many of the Jews from Rome over what the early Roman historian Suetonius stated was a dispute over one named Chrestus. Chrestus was a common slave name, but most historians believe it was an unintentional, or perhaps an intentional, misspelling of Christ. Suetonius is not known as an expert in Christian history nor a friend of Christianity. Aquila and Priscilla were among those Jews expelled (Acts 18:2) 1. Early in the first century, the recognition of the difference between Judaism and Christianity was not widespread. Under Roman law, Christianity had been regarded as a branch of the multifaceted religion of Judaism. There was not one singular Jewish sect in Jesus day or one Jewish belief system. Thus, saying something like in the first century the Jews believed is inappropriate. When the expulsion of the Jews occurred in Rome, two things happened. First, the leaders in Rome began to notice the Gentiles presence in this newly formed branch of Judaism and the fact that it still flourished without a strong or any Jewish presence. Was it truly a Jewish religion? Rome only allowed religions to flourish if they were sanctioned by the government. Rome greatly feared rebellion, and any gatherings or crowds who were not registered by the officials were considered to be illegally congregating and a potential threat to the authority of Rome. Christianity had been riding on the coattails of Judaism, but that would eventually come to an end. Second, it would have created a predominately Gentile church in Rome, so when the Jews began to return (note Romans 16:3) 2, the church would have changed ethnically and culturally. It would have looked more Gentile in its appearance and culture. Did the Jews return to a church that had not only lost its Jewish roots but also developed a sense of superiority over those of the Law? Could Paul s focus on the Jews have resulted from a prejudice against the Jewish religion, especially in respect to their relationship with the Law? Perhaps the Jews were the object of prejudice rather than the Gentiles. 1 Acts 18:1 After this, Paul left Athens and went to Corinth. There he met a Jew named Aquila, a native of Pontus, who had recently come from Italy with his wife Priscilla, because Claudius had ordered all the Jews to leave Rome. 2 Romans 16:3 Greet Priscilla and Aquila, my fellow workers in Christ Jesus

7 - Lesson 1 - The church itself seemed to have been formed originally by Jews returning home after the events in Acts 2 at Pentecost (Acts 2:5-11) 3. The list of Jews present at the event included Jews from Rome. Tradition about Paul or Peter forming the church rests on shaky historical evidence. One early church historian, Ambrosiaster, wrote that the Jewish Christians in Rome had come to faith in Christ despite seeing no miracles or any of the apostles. The establishment of the church would have likely taken place after the Jews returned from Jerusalem on Pentecost and brought the news of the risen Messiah. Paul s letter to the Romans is generally regarded as having been written by Paul from Corinth circa AD 55. This seems to fit a conservative reading of his travels and content of the book. It was written to a predominately Gentile church with a minority membership made up of Jews (compare 1:5-6, 13; 3:29-31; 6:1-7:6; 11:13-24). 3 Acts 2:5-11 Now there were staying in Jerusalem God-fearing Jews from every nation under heaven. When they heard this sound, a crowd came together in bewilderment, because each one heard them speaking in his own language. Utterly amazed, they asked: Are not all these men who are speaking Galileans? Then how is it that each of us hears them in his own native language? Parthians, Medes and Elamites; residents of Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia, Phrygia and Pamphylia, Egypt and the parts of Libya near Cyrene; visitors from Rome (both Jews and converts to Judaism); Cretans and Arabs we hear them declaring the wonders of God in our own tongues! - 7 -

8 - Lesson 1 - PAUL TO THE ROMANS _ Lesson 1 Romans 1:1-17 Other Text References: Psalm 2:7-12; 89:26; 2 Samuel 7:11b-16; Romans 12:3-8; 15:23-24; Ephesians 1:9-10 Introduction The letter to the Romans begins as all but one of Paul s letters begin with a salutation and a prayer of thanksgiving. Galatians lacks a prayer of thanksgiving. His salutation begins with a claim to apostolic authority grounded in his submission to the one true King and Lord, Jesus Christ. It is in that submission that gives Paul s mission validity. He then moves to thanking God for the faith of the Romans and to expressing his great desire to see them to help build them up and be encouraged by their faith. Paul had concern for God s church beyond any one local church. The beauty of Paul s mission was that he was personally able to see the big picture: God s mysterious plan to bring all humanity under one Lord, Jesus Christ, and make them one people (Ephesians 1:9-10). A church s inability to see beyond its own existence is dangerous. Later in the epistle, we will learn that he intends to use them as a base to go even further west to Spain (15:23-24). His introduction culminates in his main thesis in verses The message that he has been commissioned to proclaim is the gospel itself. He is not timid in his commitment to his mission and feels no shame in his preaching. The gospel is the power of God and the source of righteousness. The gospel is life, a life lived by faith. No greater power exists within this world. Note: The phrase righteousness of God can mean a righteousness that comes from God. It can also mean God s righteousness, pointing not to what we have received from God but God s commitment to his own personal character and covenantal promises. Which is it? The former refers to the righteousness we are granted from God because of the cross. It focuses on what God has done for us. The latter focuses on God s commitment to his promises and covenant relationship with his people, including Israel, through the cross. The latter focuses on what God has done for his own reputation and namesake. The content on the epistle will determine the meaning. For Daily Personal Study and Meditation The following questions are provided both for your home Bible study and to stimulate insightful in-class discussion and personal application of the lesson texts. 1. What is your impression of Romans? What do you understand to be the intention of the epistle? Keep this mind as you progress through the book

9 - Lesson 1-2. How does Paul understand his role in service to God? How is he set apart for the gospel? How are we set apart? 3. What does it mean to us that the gospel was promised in the Old Testament? Do we appreciate that emphasis? What should that mean to us? 4. Describe the content of the gospel in verses 2-5. How is Jesus presented? What impact does that have on our understanding of the intent of the good news? What is the role of the Holy Spirit? 5. How is Jesus declared to be Son of God? 6. What does Jesus role as Son mean in this context (Psalm 2:7,12; 89:26; 2 Samuel 7:14)? How does Jesus fulfill this role? What impact does this have on us? 7. In verses 8 through 15 Paul express his thankfulness for the church in Rome, a church he had never visited. Do we express thankfulness for God s church universally? Do we see our role as the congregation that meets at Brentwood Hills as part of a larger body? What is our responsibility in praying for and supporting the church universal? 8. Why do you think Paul wrote that he wanted to impart to the Roman Christians with a spiritual gift when they apparently already possessed them (12:6-8)? What does he mean? - 9 -

10 - Lesson 1-9. How does Paul define the gospel message in verses 16 and 17? Why might someone be ashamed of the gospel? How is confidence in its power exhibited practically in our life? 10. Why is the message of the gospel to the Jew first and then the Gentile? 11. What is the righteousness of God in this context? See the note in the last paragraph of the Introduction section above. Keep your definition in mind as we progress through the epistle

11 - Lesson 1 - Lesson 1 Scripture References (NIV) Romans 1: Paul, a servant of Christ Jesus, called to be an apostle and set apart for the gospel of God 2 the gospel he promised beforehand through his prophets in the Holy Scriptures 3 regarding his Son, who as to his human nature was a descendant of David, 4 and who through the Spirit of holiness was declared with power to be the Son of God by his resurrection from the dead: Jesus Christ our Lord. 5 Through him and for his name s sake, we received grace and apostleship to call people from among all the Gentiles to the obedience that comes from faith. 6 And you also are among those who are called to belong to Jesus Christ. 7 To all in Rome who are loved by God and called to be saints: Grace and peace to you from God our Father and from the Lord Jesus Christ. 8 First, I thank my God through Jesus Christ for all of you, because your faith is being reported all over the world. 9 God, whom I serve with my whole heart in preaching the gospel of his Son, is my witness how constantly I remember you 10 in my prayers at all times; and I pray that now at last by God s will the way may be opened for me to come to you. 11 I long to see you so that I may impart to you some spiritual gift to make you strong 12 that is, that you and I may be mutually encouraged by each other s faith. 13 I do not want you to be unaware, brothers, that I planned many times to come to you (but have been prevented from doing so until now) in order that I might have a harvest among you, just as I have had among the other Gentiles. 14 I am obligated both to Greeks and non-greeks, both to the wise and the foolish. 15 That is why I am so eager to preach the gospel also to you who are at Rome. 16 I am not ashamed of the gospel, because it is the power of God for the salvation of everyone who believes: first for the Jew, then for the Gentile. 17 For in the gospel a righteousness from God is revealed, a righteousness that is by faith from first to last, just as it is written: The righteous will live by faith. Psalm 2: I will proclaim the decree of the LORD: He said to me, You are my Son; today I have become your Father. 8 Ask of me, and I will make the nations your inheritance, the ends of the earth your possession. 9 You will rule them with an iron scepter; you will dash them to pieces like pottery. 10 Therefore, you kings, be wise; be warned, you rulers of the earth. 11 Serve the LORD with fear and rejoice with trembling. 12 Kiss the Son, lest he be angry and you be destroyed in your way, for his wrath can flare up in a moment. Blessed are all who take refuge in him. Psalm 89:26 26 He will call out to me, You are my Father, my God, the Rock my Savior. 2 Samuel 7: and have done ever since the time I appointed leaders over my people Israel. I will also give you rest from all your enemies. The LORD declares to you that the LORD himself will establish a house for you: 12 When your days are over and you rest with your fathers, I will raise up your offspring to succeed you, who will come from your own body, and I will establish his kingdom. 13 He is the one who will build a house for my Name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever. 14 I will be his father, and he will be my son. When he does wrong, I will punish him with the rod of men, with floggings inflicted by men. 15 But my love will never be taken away from him, as I took it away from Saul, whom I removed from before you. 16 Your house and your kingdom will endure forever before me; your throne will be established forever. Romans 12:3-8 3 For by the grace given me I say to every one of you: Do not think of yourself more highly than you ought, but rather think of yourself with sober judgment, in accordance with the measure of faith God has given you. 4 Just as each of us has one body with many members, and these members do not all have the same function, 5 so in Christ we who are many form one body, and each member belongs to all the others. 6 We have different gifts, according to the grace given us. If a man s gift is prophesying, let him use it in proportion to his faith. 7 If it is serving, let him serve; if it is teaching, let him teach; 8 if it is encouraging, let him encourage; if it is contributing to the needs of others, let him give generously; if it is leadership, let him govern diligently; if it is showing mercy, let him do it cheerfully

12 - Lesson 1 - Romans 15: But now that there is no more place for me to work in these regions, and since I have been longing for many years to see you, 24 I plan to do so when I go to Spain. I hope to visit you while passing through and to have you assist me on my journey there, after I have enjoyed your company for a while. Ephesians 1: And he made known to us the mystery of his will according to his good pleasure, which he purposed in Christ, 10 to be put into effect when the times will have reached their fulfillment to bring all things in heaven and on earth together under one head, even Christ. Notes

13 - Lesson 1 - Notes

14 PAUL TO THE ROMANS Lesson 2 Romans 1:18-32 Other Text References: 1 Corinthians 6:9-11 Introduction To proclaim the gospel message without understanding God s anger is a deficient gospel. Salvation implies peril. We were all in danger and countless still are. Often though, perhaps due to uncomfortable feelings about admitting to the reality, we define this danger as going to hell. For Paul, it is much more personal. All of Paul s theology is personal. What humanity is in danger of is not simply of going to a place, but of being the recipient of God s holy and righteous anger. It is not just a future destination, but a present reality. His wrath is here and active in this world now and directed toward those who reject him. It is odd that we understand the nature of God s grace as a personal relationship, but depersonalize his wrath to simply a destination. God our Father was and still is angry. The wrath of God was, is, and remains ready to be poured out on rebellious humanity and not just in the last day. Our passages indicate that God s wrath resulted in God s willfully abandoning humanity to its worst fate: living in this world and relying on its own decisions and facing the consequences, at least in part, of those decisions. In other words, that fate is letting humanity make the rules and suffer the consequences of those choices. This fate has a destiny of failure and suffering. Humanity without God is corrupt; this is the reason for his wrath. Once the fall took place under the first man, Adam, humanity in every generation followed suit. Sin and depravity spread like a disease and no one has been, is, or ever will be free of that infection without Christ. It is typical of many who read chapter 1:18-32 to immediately assume Paul is addressing the sins of idolatry and homosexuality alone. The larger context would suggest a much broader implication. The list of sins in verses 29 through 32 are not lesser sins, but other sins God has given humankind over to in their state of depravity. No matter how much we may want to deny it, in chapter 1:18-32 we must see ourselves as a part of the entirety of humankind. When we attempt to achieve anything with only our own power and means without the presence of God in Christ and the transforming power of the Spirit, we show the mark of depravity. This condition is by choice. Once humanity chose sin over God, God let the weight of sin change us and burden us with its mind-numbing deception. But, again, it is a choice. Humanity gave up on the obvious truth of God as Creator and turned to honor the creation. Humanity gave into its lusts and overinflated its sense of self-worth and willfully suppressed the truth, so God subjected humankind to its own choices. God handed humanity over to itself. We as humanity are responsible for our own ruin. It is vital that we understand what Paul means to be human, what we are without God, and why God s wrath is so vital to his person and character. Without any apologies, we should proclaim a message of salvation from a loving and kind, yet holy and vengeful God ready to pour out both salvation and fury now and on the day of his return. For Daily Personal Study and Meditation The following questions are provided both for your home Bible study and to stimulate insightful in-class discussion and personal application of the lesson texts

15 - Lesson 2-1. Read the entire section. About whom is Paul talking? Do you see yourself in these verses? What is the danger in not understanding this as our condition without the power of God s grace? When reading these verses, what does Paul want both his recipients and us to feel about our condition? 2. What is the relationship between God s grace and wrath? 3. How does humanity suppress the truth? 4. How does God reveal himself in creation? What possible motivation or reason is there in humankind s turning to worship the creation instead of God? How is this evident today? 5. What is humanity s punishment according to verses 24, 26, and 28? In what way is that a punishment? 6. Why would Paul use homosexuality and idolatry to illustrate humanity s condition? What is the connection between these two sins? What is the connection between these two sins and those listed in verses 29 through 32? 7. Some Christians today argue that Paul does not condemn homosexuality itself, but rather homosexual relationships that are either not monogamous (since the relationships described here are related to cult prostitution) or in a violent relationship between an aggressor and submissive partner (see 1 Corinthians 6:9). How do you respond to this? How do we address the issue of homosexuality without showing a prejudice in sin?

16 - Lesson 2-8. In verse 32, Paul condemns what attitude? What is the consequence? 9. Look over the list of sins in verses 29 through 32? Are there any sins listed that the church may take a more lax attitude toward when it comes to their role in condemning sin? Why?

17 - Lesson 2 - Lesson 2 Scripture References (NIV) Romans 1: The wrath of God is being revealed from heaven against all the godlessness and wickedness of men who suppress the truth by their wickedness, 19 since what may be known about God is plain to them, because God has made it plain to them. 20 For since the creation of the world God s invisible qualities his eternal power and divine nature have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that men are without excuse. 21 For although they knew God, they neither glorified him as God nor gave thanks to him, but their thinking became futile and their foolish hearts were darkened. 22 Although they claimed to be wise, they became fools 23 and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images made to look like mortal man and birds and animals and reptiles. 24 Therefore God gave them over in the sinful desires of their hearts to sexual impurity for the degrading of their bodies with one another. 25 They exchanged the truth of God for a lie, and worshiped and served created things rather than the Creator who is forever praised. Amen. 26 Because of this, God gave them over to shameful lusts. Even their women exchanged natural relations for unnatural ones. 27 In the same way the men also abandoned natural relations with women and were inflamed with lust for one another. Men committed indecent acts with other men, and received in themselves the due penalty for their perversion. 28 Furthermore, since they did not think it worthwhile to retain the knowledge of God, he gave them over to a depraved mind, to do what ought not to be done. 29 They have become filled with every kind of wickedness, evil, greed and depravity. They are full of envy, murder, strife, deceit and malice. They are gossips, 30 slanderers, Godhaters, insolent, arrogant and boastful; they invent ways of doing evil; they disobey their parents; 31 they are senseless, faithless, heartless, ruthless. 32 Although they know God s righteous decree that those who do such things deserve death, they not only continue to do these very things but also approve of those who practice them. 1 Corinthians 6: Do you not know that the wicked will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived: Neither the sexually immoral nor idolaters nor adulterers nor male prostitutes nor homosexual offenders 10 nor thieves nor the greedy nor drunkards nor slanderers nor swindlers will inherit the kingdom of God. 11 And that is what some of you were. But you were washed, you were sanctified, you were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ and by the Spirit of our God. Notes

18 PAUL TO THE ROMANS Lesson 3 Romans 2:1-29 Other Text References: Matthew 25:31-46; John 5:24-30; 2 Corinthians 5:6-10; Galatians 6:7-10; Revelation 22:12-16 Introduction There were those among Paul s readers whom he knew would still refuse to see themselves as guilty of the sins listed in 1:18-32 (see Lesson 1). Certainly the Israelites had nearly ridded themselves of idolatry after the Babylonian exile and homosexuality can scarcely be found among their lists of vices in both Old Testament and intertestamental literature. Even today, some may want to claim distance from 1: Paul will not let that happen. That type of arrogant self-assessment just proves his point. Those who judge others usurp the role of God and spiral into the mire of sinful self-deception. When you judge others, you judge yourself. When you judge others, you say to God judge me! It is a rejection of God s gracious nature and kindness because it does not take into consideration that God s judgment is always tempered by his grace and patience. God is the only truly righteous and fair judge. He and he alone can determine the destination of each member of humanity. God will judge us by our deeds. This statement is difficult for many to hear due to their understanding of salvation by grace. How can God promise salvation based on grace and then judge us based on our deeds? When God s grace enters into our life, it is not static or motionless; it is dynamic and transforming. The grace of God recreates its recipient. If there is no change, God s grace is fruitlessly accepted and ultimately rejected. We are saved by grace and will be judged by works. Paul is careful not to let anyone slip by without understanding the seriousness of their condition. It is vital for Paul to bring everyone into a consensus regarding an understanding of our equal standing before God. A good Jew may still argue their innocence. They are after all a member of God s chosen people. They were chosen to instruct the world of God s Law and help those spiritually blind to see the will of God, but in their instructing others of the dangers of sinning, they too sinned. Their hypocrisy became evident in their actions. They claimed to be people of circumcision but their behavior belied that claim. Their deeds were no different than the uncircumcised pagans and their commitment to the Law was frail. It is for this reason that any judgment they made regarding the uncircumcised was useless. They were just as guilty as those they judged harshly. For Daily Personal Study and Meditation The following questions are provided both for your home Bible study and to stimulate insightful in-class discussion and personal application of the lesson texts. 1. What is the reason for not judging? What are the consequences of judging? In light of the list of sins in 1:18-32, what kind of judgment is in view?

19 - Lesson 3-2. How does judging offend God s kindness and patience according to verse 4? 3. How does one store up wrath according to verse 5? 4. What warning is there in 2:1-11 for us? 5. If we are saved by grace, why is scripture adamant that final judgment is by deeds or works? See verses 6-13; also Matthew 25:31-46; John 5:28-29; 2 Corinthians 5:10; Galatians 6:7-10; Revelation 22: In verses 12 through 16, on what basis will Gentiles be judged? On what basis are the Jews judged? What is Paul s point? 7. In verse 16, what does Paul mean that God will judge according to my gospel? What does it mean to you that God will judge based on the secrets of men s hearts? 8. Why does Paul remind his readers that a true Jew seeks praise from God and not men? 9. Who is a true Jew? What relevance does this have us as Christians?

20 - Lesson 3 - Notes

21 - Lesson 3 - Lesson 3 Scripture References (NIV) Romans 2: You, therefore, have no excuse, you who pass judgment on someone else, for at whatever point you judge the other, you are condemning yourself, because you who pass judgment do the same things. 2 Now we know that God s judgment against those who do such things is based on truth. 3 So when you, a mere man, pass judgment on them and yet do the same things, do you think you will escape God s judgment? 4 Or do you show contempt for the riches of his kindness, tolerance and patience, not realizing that God s kindness leads you toward repentance? 5 But because of your stubbornness and your unrepentant heart, you are storing up wrath against yourself for the day of God s wrath, when his righteous judgment will be revealed. 6 God will give to each person according to what he has done. 7 To those who by persistence in doing good seek glory, honor and immortality, he will give eternal life. 8 But for those who are self-seeking and who reject the truth and follow evil, there will be wrath and anger. 9 There will be trouble and distress for every human being who does evil: first for the Jew, then for the Gentile; 10 but glory, honor and peace for everyone who does good: first for the Jew, then for the Gentile. 11 For God does not show favoritism. 12 All who sin apart from the law will also perish apart from the law, and all who sin under the law will be judged by the law. 13 For it is not those who hear the law who are righteous in God s sight, but it is those who obey the law who will be declared righteous. 14 (Indeed, when Gentiles, who do not have the law, do by nature things required by the law, they are a law for themselves, even though they do not have the law, 15 since they show that the requirements of the law are written on their hearts, their consciences also bearing witness, and their thoughts now accusing, now even defending them.) 16 This will take place on the day when God will judge men s secrets through Jesus Christ, as my gospel declares. 17 Now you, if you call yourself a Jew; if you rely on the law and brag about your relationship to God; 18 if you know his will and approve of what is superior because you are instructed by the law; 19 if you are convinced that you are a guide for the blind, a light for those who are in the dark, 20 an instructor of the foolish, a teacher of infants, because you have in the law the embodiment of knowledge and truth 21 you, then, who teach others, do you not teach yourself? You who preach against stealing, do you steal? 22 You who say that people should not commit adultery, do you commit adultery? You who abhor idols, do you rob temples? 23 You who brag about the law, do you dishonor God by breaking the law? 24 As it is written: God s name is blasphemed among the Gentiles because of you. 25 Circumcision has value if you observe the law, but if you break the law, you have become as though you had not been circumcised. 26 If those who are not circumcised keep the law s requirements, will they not be regarded as though they were circumcised? 27 The one who is not circumcised physically and yet obeys the law will condemn you who, even though you have the written code and circumcision, are a lawbreaker. 28 A man is not a Jew if he is only one outwardly, nor is circumcision merely outward and physical. 29 No, a man is a Jew if he is one inwardly; and circumcision is circumcision of the heart, by the Spirit, not by the written code. Such a man s praise is not from men, but from God. Romans 1: The wrath of God is being revealed from heaven against all the godlessness and wickedness of men who suppress the truth by their wickedness, 19 since what may be known about God is plain to them, because God has made it plain to them. 20 For since the creation of the world God s invisible qualities his eternal power and divine nature have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that men are without excuse. 21 For although they knew God, they neither glorified him as God nor gave thanks to him, but their thinking became futile and their foolish hearts were darkened. 22 Although they claimed to be wise, they became fools 23 and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images made to look like mortal man and birds and animals and reptiles. 24 Therefore God gave them over in the sinful desires of their hearts to sexual impurity for the degrading of their bodies with one another. 25 They exchanged the truth of God for a lie, and worshiped and served created things rather than the Creator who is forever praised. Amen. 26 Because of this, God gave them over to shameful lusts. Even their women exchanged natural relations for unnatural ones. 27 In the same way the men also abandoned natural relations with women and were inflamed with lust for one another. Men committed indecent acts with other men, and received in themselves the due penalty for their perversion. 28 Furthermore, since they did not think it worthwhile to retain the knowledge of God, he gave them over to a depraved mind, to do what ought not to be done. 29 They have become filled with every kind of wickedness, evil, greed and depravity. They are full of envy, murder, strife, deceit and malice. They are gossips, 30 slanderers, Godhaters, insolent, arrogant and boastful; they invent ways of doing evil; they disobey their parents; 31 they are senseless, faithless, heartless, ruthless. 32 Although they know God s

22 - Lesson 3 - righteous decree that those who do such things deserve death, they not only continue to do these very things but also approve of those who practice them. Matthew 25: When the Son of Man comes in his glory, and all the angels with him, he will sit on his throne in heavenly glory. 32 All the nations will be gathered before him, and he will separate the people one from another as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats. 33 He will put the sheep on his right and the goats on his left. 34 Then the King will say to those on his right, Come, you who are blessed by my Father; take your inheritance, the kingdom prepared for you since the creation of the world. 35 For I was hungry and you gave me something to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink, I was a stranger and you invited me in, 36 I needed clothes and you clothed me, I was sick and you looked after me, I was in prison and you came to visit me. 37 Then the righteous will answer him, Lord, when did we see you hungry and feed you, or thirsty and give you something to drink? 38 When did we see you a stranger and invite you in, or needing clothes and clothe you? 39 When did we see you sick or in prison and go to visit you? 40 The King will reply, I tell you the truth, whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers of mine, you did for me. 41 Then he will say to those on his left, Depart from me, you who are cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels. 42 For I was hungry and you gave me nothing to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me nothing to drink, 43 I was a stranger and you did not invite me in, I needed clothes and you did not clothe me, I was sick and in prison and you did not look after me. 44 They also will answer, Lord, when did we see you hungry or thirsty or a stranger or needing clothes or sick or in prison, and did not help you? 45 He will reply, I tell you the truth, whatever you did not do for one of the least of these, you did not do for me. 46 Then they will go away to eternal punishment, but the righteous to eternal life. John 5: I tell you the truth, whoever hears my word and believes him who sent me has eternal life and will not be condemned; he has crossed over from death to life. 25 I tell you the truth, a time is coming and has now come when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God and those who hear will live. 26 For as the Father has life in himself, so he has granted the Son to have life in himself. 27 And he has given him authority to judge because he is the Son of Man. 28 Do not be amazed at this, for a time is coming when all who are in their graves will hear his voice 29 and come out those who have done good will rise to live, and those who have done evil will rise to be condemned. 30 By myself I can do nothing; I judge only as I hear, and my judgment is just, for I seek not to please myself but him who sent me. 2 Corinthians 5: Therefore we are always confident and know that as long as we are at home in the body we are away from the Lord. 7 We live by faith, not by sight. 8 We are confident, I say, and would prefer to be away from the body and at home with the Lord. 9 So we make it our goal to please him, whether we are at home in the body or away from it. 10 For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, that each one may receive what is due him for the things done while in the body, whether good or bad. Galatians 6: Do not be deceived: God cannot be mocked. A man reaps what he sows. 8 The one who sows to please his sinful nature, from that nature will reap destruction; the one who sows to please the Spirit, from the Spirit will reap eternal life. 9 Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. 10 Therefore, as we have opportunity, let us do good to all people, especially to those who belong to the family of believers. Revelation 22: Behold, I am coming soon! My reward is with me, and I will give to everyone according to what he has done. 13 I am the Alpha and the Omega, the First and the Last, the Beginning and the End. 14 Blessed are those who wash their robes, that they may have the right to the tree of life and may go through the gates into the city. 15 Outside are the dogs, those who practice magic arts, the sexually immoral, the murderers, the idolaters and everyone who loves and practices falsehood. 16 I, Jesus, have sent my angel to give you this testimony for the churches. I am the Root and the Offspring of David, and the bright Morning Star

23 Notes

24 PAUL TO THE ROMANS Lesson 4 Romans 3:1-20 Other Text References: Psalm 51:1-4; Matthew 7:7-12; Luke 11:9-13 Introduction The Jews had advantages. First, God gave them his divine Word embodied in the Law. Despite Paul s listing of only one advantage, his use of first of all in verse 1 would suggest he had other advantages in mind, but he seemed so eager to get to his conclusion, he went straight to it, failing to list others. His mention of the divine oracles being given to the Jews leads him to a controversial issue infecting the Romans church. If the Jews were given the Word of God filled with promises made to them, but they failed to keep the requirements of the covenant, does their unbelief mean God is incapable of fulfilling his covenant promises? Has their unfaithfulness abolished God s faithfulness to his commitment to the covenant? No! Humanity s unrighteousness was part of the plan. But wait, some would protest. How can God condemn unfaithfulness if that unfaithfulness provided a clear demonstration of his righteousness in providing for salvation by grace? In other words, God s plan to save humankind by grace could only be fully appreciated once humanity was shown how unfaithful and unrighteous they really were. Once that was understood, God s grace could be seen so much clearer. Apparently there were opponents of Paul who had infiltrated the church in Rome and began teaching the error of antinomianism, a word which simply means against law. This error proposed that since our corrupt nature demonstrated God s graciousness and kindness, we should take pleasure, even boast, in our sinfulness. It did not matter what we did. What better way was there to show the world how good God is than in purposefully or consciously doing evil so his grace could save us and shine even brighter? These people are justly condemned, Paul concludes. God can not extend his grace to these people. Paul however is careful not to let anyone think too highly of their standing before God even in contrast to these opponents. In remaining consistent with his argument in Romans, Paul reminds his readers that no human being can claim innocence, even those who profess faith, for faith is embedded in god s power to save us from our own condition. Humanity is sinful, corrupt, and evil and Paul demonstrates its corrupt nature by plowing through a multitude of scriptures to prove his point. He never lets anyone take the high road. He begins and ends this scathing criticism of humanity s condition on the same note. Humanity is helplessly defiled by his own sinful condition and it was the Law the Jews were given by God that demonstrated this. We are now given insight into the real purpose of Law. For Daily Personal Study and Meditation The following questions are provided both for your home Bible study and to stimulate insightful in-class discussion and personal application of the lesson texts

25 - Lesson 4-1. What advantage was there in being a Jew according to Paul? Is this still true today? Do we still appreciate this as an advantage or do we tend to view the Law in a negative light? 2. In verse 4, how is God found to be true and humanity a liar? What impact does this have on our view of the nature of humanity and God? What does Paul s quotation from Psalm 51:4 in verse 4 say regarding this point? 3. What error was present within the Roman church? What is Paul s view of this error? In what way is this false teaching present today? How are we to view our sins in light of God s grace? 4. Why would Paul s opponents deny God s right to be angry at sinful humanity? According to verse 6, why is God s wrath essential to his overall plan? 5. Understanding the opponent s error, what does Paul mean by my lie and the truth of God in verse 7? 6. Read 3:10-12; also read Matthew 7:7-13; Luke 11:9-13. What is Paul s point in this long list of Old Testament passages? Answer these questions and prove your point from scripture: a. Is humanity good or evil? Are you good or evil? If you believe you are good by nature, why do you need Christ? b. What does humanity deserve? What do you deserve? c. Why is this important to understand before you understand God s grace? d. What do the passages from Matthew and Luke add to this discussion? Pay close attention to Matthew 7:11 and Luke 11:

26 - Lesson 4-7. In verse 19 through 20 Paul reiterates the purpose of Law. Those Jews who believed they would be justified by Law would be offended by his statement. In short, what is the purpose of Law? What result did it produce? 8. Define sin in light of the last four lessons. Why does humankind sin?

27 - Lesson 4 - Lesson 4 Scripture References (NIV) Romans 3: What advantage, then, is there in being a Jew, or what value is there in circumcision? 2 Much in every way! First of all, they have been entrusted with the very words of God. 3 What if some did not have faith? Will their lack of faith nullify God s faithfulness? 4 Not at all! Let God be true, and every man a liar. As it is written: So that you may be proved right when you speak and prevail when you judge. 5 But if our unrighteousness brings out God s righteousness more clearly, what shall we say? That God is unjust in bringing his wrath on us? (I am using a human argument.) 6 Certainly not! If that were so, how could God judge the world? 7 Someone might argue, If my falsehood enhances God s truthfulness and so increases his glory, why am I still condemned as a sinner? 8 Why not say as we are being slanderously reported as saying and as some claim that we say Let us do evil that good may result? Their condemnation is deserved. 9 What shall we conclude then? Are we any better? Not at all! We have already made the charge that Jews and Gentiles alike are all under sin. 10 As it is written: There is no one righteous, not even one; 11 there is no one who understands, no one who seeks God. 12 All have turned away, they have together become worthless; there is no one who does good, not even one. 13 Their throats are open graves; their tongues practice deceit. The poison of vipers is on their lips. 14 Their mouths are full of cursing and bitterness. 15 Their feet are swift to shed blood; 16 ruin and misery mark their ways, 17 and the way of peace they do not know. 18 There is no fear of God before their eyes. blot out my transgressions. 2 Wash away all my iniquity and cleanse me from my sin. 3 For I know my transgressions, and my sin is always before me. 4 Against you, you only, have I sinned and done what is evil in your sight, so that you are proved right when you speak and justified when you judge. Matthew 7: Ask and it will be given to you; seek and you will find; knock and the door will be opened to you. 8 For everyone who asks receives; he who seeks finds; and to him who knocks, the door will be opened. 9 Which of you, if his son asks for bread, will give him a stone? 10 Or if he asks for a fish, will give him a snake? 11 If you, then, though you are evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will your Father in heaven give good gifts to those who ask him! 12 So in everything, do to others what you would have them do to you, for this sums up the Law and the Prophets. Luke 11: So I say to you: Ask and it will be given to you; seek and you will find; knock and the door will be opened to you. 10 For everyone who asks receives; he who seeks finds; and to him who knocks, the door will be opened. 11 Which of you fathers, if your son asks for a fish, will give him a snake instead? 12 Or if he asks for an egg, will give him a scorpion? 13 If you then, though you are evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will your Father in heaven give the Holy Spirit to those who ask him! 19 Now we know that whatever the law says, it says to those who are under the law, so that every mouth may be silenced and the whole world held accountable to God. 20 Therefore no one will be declared righteous in his sight by observing the law; rather, through the law we become conscious of sin. Psalm 51:1-4 1 Have mercy on me, O God, according to your unfailing love; according to your great compassion

28 Notes

29 PAUL TO THE ROMANS Lesson 5 Romans 3:21-31 Other Text References: Leviticus 5:7-10, 14-16; 2 Samuel 12:13-14; Psalm 51:7-9; Galatians 3:26-29; Ephesians 2:11-22; Colossians 3:5-11 Introduction The Law was not powerless; humanity just refused to keep it. Even though it could not offer salvation, it proclaimed the need for the Messiah. Even the most devout Jew failed to keep it. Its power did not lie in saving humanity, but in driving humanity into the arms of God, pleading for salvation. Without the Law, the work of Christ would fall flat and only deaf ears would hear it. The Law did its job exactly as God had planned. But have we been listening? No greater words could be spoken than but now. Humanity had fallen and was unable to rise by itself. Sin permeates the flesh and no one is without sin. But now, Paul proclaims, God has sent his Son and brought the promises he made to Abraham to fruition. All nations have been blessed through his seed. Justification before God has been wrought by the work of God in Christ. Faith has been empowered by the sacrifice of Christ. The kingdom has been redefined and now all who come to God in Christ are accepted. In these few verses, Paul mentions the righteousness of God four times. He creates the focal point of the text. However, that does not make this text easy to understand. Recent discussions have focused on the exact meaning of this phrase. Two possible meanings stem from the range in meaning of the word justification. It can mean to justify, to be right or righteous, or to vindicate. This range creates several possibilities. The justification could be the right standing we obtain from God or it could be God s vindicating his character. The former has been most widely accepted in our day; however, the latter is gaining much attention. The implication would be that God sent his Son to vindicate his own integrity by fulfilling what he promised humanity through the Law and prophets. Think carefully in each context where this phrase is used before coming to a conclusion. For Daily Personal Study and Meditation The following questions are provided both for your home Bible study and to stimulate insightful in-class discussion and personal application of the lesson texts. 1. What is the righteousness of God in this context? Explain how the righteousness of God is apart from Law. In light of the last four lessons, why does humanity need for this to be true? How does faith establish the Law (verse 31)?

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