THE NINETEENTH CENTURY: STUDIES AND CRITICISM OF SCRIPTURE
|
|
- Sibyl Grant
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 THE NINETEENTH CENTURY: STUDIES AND CRITICISM OF SCRIPTURE PRESENTED BY JONATHAN ESTERMAN NOVEMBER 2011
2 Copyright 2011, Jonathan Esterman. All rights reserved. No portion of this article may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means - electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, scanning, or other - except for brief quotations in critical reviews or articles, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Published by Scripted Genius. Visit us online at scriptedgenius.com.
3 Pre-Note! 4 Introduction! 4 The Religious Impact of a Progressive Philosophy! 5 Schleiermacher and His Impact! 6 Higher Criticism of the Old Testament: Julius Wellhausen! 6 Conclusion! 8 Bibliography! 10
4 Pre-Note! As the reader examines the rest of this paper, please be advised that His Name is omitted intentionally - Jewish tradition insists that the Creator s name and all related titles be omitted from any potentially printed material. Thus, in this essay, readers will find that G-d will be substituted for respective purposes. Introduction! Much happened in the nineteenth century regarding Christianity. It was a period of conflict between modern thought and Christianity. Traditionally, it was a Catholic viewpoint to stubbornly reject modern ideas. Such is seen in the condemnation of Galileo. 1 Partially as an attempt to avoid this tradition, popular traction for Protestants was to instead attempt to interpret the Christian faith within the new frame of understanding. 2! Historically, the Industrial Revolution reached most of Western Europe and parts of the Americas (or New World) during this timeframe. This impact was not just on financial considerations, but rather on the entire lifestyle of a citizen during this period. Traditional roles such as farming and crop management were giving way to the industrial centers, and family received its own redesign as well. A result of this transition led citizens to interpret living as a personal ordeal, rather than a corporate one. 3 1 Justo L. González, The Story of Christianity, Volume Ii: The Reformation to the Present Day, II vols., vol. I (New York: HarperOne, 2010), Ibid. 3 Ibid.
5 ! This transition to individual living helped birth the philosophy of preoccupation with self and individualism as a whole, which then made its way into popular literature. Another result of the Revolution was a focus on the concept of progress. Innovations were the new novelty, and in many ways, still are today. This is different from the times of the Renaissance, where people returned to ancient faiths after testing the new concepts. Rather, in this industrialized setting, people looked forward to the sunrise instead of back to the sunset. Applied sciences began to take root, including the faith in Darwin s theory of evolution. 4 The Religious Impact of a Progressive Philosophy!! This transition impacted Christianity greatly. Viewing progress as a focus and necessity, philosophers theorized that progress has always occurred, in a sense of the evolution of civilization and rational thought. Humans had not always been as they were at this given time in the nineteenth century - there must have been more neanderthal times. If humans have not always been in the same situation, then it was assumed that their religious views have also received upgrades as well. Thus, doubt was cast on traditional views, which, when applied to Scripture, found a level of incompatibility. 5! This incompatibility, or at least the pre-assumption of it, proved to be a cog in the chain of theological study and examination in this timeframe. Theologians, such as Friedrich Schleiermacher, Julius Wellhausen, and Albrecht Ritschl provided significant criticism to Scripture and Judeo-Christian theology, questioning the very basic tenets of an ancient faith. 4 Ibid., Ibid.
6 Schleiermacher and His Impact! Schleiermacher, the first in this brief list, attempted to write a defense of faith. His result, however, was a liberal theology. His argument, in Speeches on Religion to the Cultured among Its Despisers, demanded a necessity for religion as an important part of the human life. It was not a form of knowledge, such as what the rationalists suggested, nor a system of ethics and morality, as Kant expected, but rather Gefühl, or feeling. 6! This argument for Christianity doubled quite effectively as a defense of faith and also the foundation of liberalism at its finest. Schleiermacher s influence spread and challenged philosophers beyond him. It spread to the distances of Albert Ritschl, who boldly argued that Christianity is about practical living, taking a step further from Schleiermacher s claims. This required a factual knowledge of events, and overall Ritschl s works influenced Rauschenbusch s Social Gospel. 7! Perhaps the most dangerous efforts made during this time of social upheaval, technological advance, and religious bantering was by that of Julius Wellhausen. Higher Criticism of the Old Testament: Julius Wellhausen! Wellhausen was well-known for his studies of the names of G-d in the Old Testament. His efforts brought a surprise, however, that was not welcomed by the Christian community. Cited as a source for many critical claims against the Old Testament provenance, Wellhausen s works are considered a basic prolegomena to Old 6 Ibid., Ibid.,
7 Testament writings and the history of ancient Israel. As defined by Merriam-Webster, prolegomena is a critical or discursive introduction to a book. 8 In this case, Wellhausen s exhaustive efforts solidly fit this case.! Wellhausen s writing, however, was not wholly self-inspired. Based off the Grafian hypothesis, Wellhausen argues than the Levitical law, as well as all of the Pentateuch, was not actually written until after the collapse of the kingdom of Judah. Further, the Pentateuch s current form was not recognized in any official capacity until Ezra s reformation. Prior to Wellhausen s detailed argument of this, Graf s theory was all but dismissed. With Wellhausen s analysis and examination of sources, however, this concept is still utilized widely today in development of contemporary Biblical criticism. 9! Wellhausen s argument is a frightening one. In his same argument he makes for the Pentateuch and the Levitical laws, he states that Daniel could have been written as late as the Maccabean Wars, which does not fit the timeline of the events occurring in Daniel. 10 The traditional Christian viewpoint would have suggested a near-immediate recording of events, to maintain accuracy and truthfulness. However, there are even Bibles that admit the same conclusion which Wellhausen makes: [c]lues scattered through the book indicate that the author...belonged to...militant supporters of the 8 "Prolegomena", (accessed 11/29/2011). 9 Prof. W. Robertson Smith, "Preface," in Prolegomena to the History of Ancient Israel(New York: Meridian Books, 1965). 10 Julius Wellhausen, Prolegomena to the History of Ancient Israel (New York: Meridian Books, 1965), 1.
8 Maccabees, 11 and takes it even further to say that the narrative of Daniel found in the first six chapters are concerning a legendary character and are clearly fictitious. 12! The philosophy discussed previously regarding the nineteenth century, as well as cultural scenarios not presented, heavily influenced Wellhausen. While Wellhausen attempts to adopt a nonpartisan stance of examination, his commentary found throughout his writings reveal a leaning stance toward modern thought and the necessity of religious progress over that of traditional religious interpretation of Old Testament Scriptures. In addition, Wellhausen looked to contemporaries such as G.W.F. von Hegel and Charles Darwin as influential intellectuals. 13! During Wellhausen s attempt to date the Pentateuch, he had several motivational factors that would lead him to more strongly oppose traditional dating timeframes. In fact, his decisions for a different date only reassured him of his stance. Further, being heavily anti-institutional, dating times that interfered with the institution would only prove to be yet another motivation. 14 Conclusion!! In all, readers can easily absorb Wellhausen s intended result of his Prolegomena: more of an attack on Judaism via historicity than a fair attempt to textually criticize Scripture. Wellhausen s influence provides apologists with plenty to 11 Ph.D Pamela J. Milne, "Daniel," in The Harpercollins Study Bible: Fully Revised and Updated, ed. Harold W. Attridge(New York: HarperOne, 2006), Ibid., David Danzig, "Julius Wellhausen's Biblical Criticism: Influences and Impact," Academia (2011). yale.academia.edu/daviddanzig/papers/855897/ Julius_Wellhausens_Biblical_Criticism_Influences_and_Impact (accessed 11/29/11). 14 Ibid., 8.
9 disucss, on both sides of the argument. Wellhausen, combined with the overarching theme of the nineteenth century (being that of less religion in the face of science), further proved the inevitable result of the time: that the modern sciences of the nineteenth century would ultimately incompatible with the traditional faiths in Christianity, Catholicism, and Judaism. Inevitably, this would lead to modern assumption that science is still incompatible, despite the turning of centuries and further scientific evidence that instead support, rather than negate, the ultimate truths found in the Scriptures. While many philosophers had quite an impact on modern thought, including the popular Charles Darwin, it seemed that Julius Wellhausen had a devastating impact on the interpretation and dating (in regard to provenance) of Scripture, forever changing how the majority read the Scriptures: as devotion rather than history.!
10 Bibliography Danzig, David. "Julius Wellhausen's Biblical Criticism: Influences and Impact." Academia (2011). Julius_Wellhausens_Biblical_Criticism_Influences_and_Impact [accessed 11/29/11]. González, Justo L. The Story of Christianity, Volume Ii: The Reformation to the Present Day. Vol. I. II vols. New York: HarperOne, Pamela J. Milne, Ph.D. "Daniel." In The Harpercollins Study Bible: Fully Revised and Updated, edited by Harold W. Attridge. New York: HarperOne, "Prolegomena", (accessed 11/29/2011). Smith, Prof. W. Robertson. "Preface." In Prolegomena to the History of Ancient Israel, v- x. New York: Meridian Books, Wellhausen, Julius. Prolegomena to the History of Ancient Israel. New York: Meridian Books, 1965.
MILLENIAL REIGN PRESENTED BY JONATHAN ESTERMAN MAY 2011
MILLENIAL REIGN PRESENTED BY JONATHAN ESTERMAN MAY 2011 Copyright 2012, Jonathan Esterman. All rights reserved. No portion of this article may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
More informationLIGHT OF THE WORLD: WHO IS JESUS?
LIGHT OF THE WORLD: WHO IS JESUS? PRESENTED BY JONATHAN ESTERMAN DECEMBER 2010 Copyright 2012, Jonathan Esterman. All rights reserved. No portion of this article may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
More informationQUMRAN: EXCAVATING HISTORY
QUMRAN: EXCAVATING HISTORY PRESENTED BY JONATHAN ESTERMAN MARCH 2012 Copyright 2012, Jonathan Esterman. All rights reserved. No portion of this article may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
More informationYIGAEL YADIN PRESENTED BY JONATHAN ESTERMAN MARCH 2012
YIGAEL YADIN PRESENTED BY JONATHAN ESTERMAN MARCH 2012 Copyright 2012, Jonathan Esterman. All rights reserved. No portion of this article may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
More informationA History of Western Thought Why We Think the Way We Do. Summer 2016 Ross Arnold
A History of Western Thought Why We Think the Way We Do Summer 2016 Ross Arnold A History of Western Thought Why We Think the Way We Do Videos of lectures available at: www.litchapala.org under 8-Week
More informationJohn Locke Institute 2018 Essay Competition (Philosophy)
John Locke Institute 2018 Essay Competition (Philosophy) Question 1: On 17 December 1903 Orville and Wilbur Wright's plane was airborne for twelve seconds, covering a distance of 36.5 metres. Just seven
More informationComparison and Contrast of the Approaches of W. M. L. de Wette, Julius Wellhausen, and. Gerhard von Rad to the Interpretation of the Old Testament
Comparison and Contrast of the Approaches of W. M. L. de Wette, Julius Wellhausen, and Gerhard von Rad to the Interpretation of the Old Testament Noah Kelley PHD9201: Reading Seminar I September 23, 2014
More informationPlantinga, Van Till, and McMullin. 1. What is the conflict Plantinga proposes to address in this essay? ( )
Plantinga, Van Till, and McMullin I. Plantinga s When Faith and Reason Clash (IDC, ch. 6) A. A Variety of Responses (133-118) 1. What is the conflict Plantinga proposes to address in this essay? (113-114)
More informationThe Social Gospel and Abolish Poverty, End Suffering. Molly Bagley History of Christian Thought II December 13, 2016
The Social Gospel and Abolish Poverty, End Suffering Molly Bagley History of Christian Thought II December 13, 2016 2 Many times, perhaps more often than not, theologies and belief systems of the past
More informationRAS SHAMRA: FROM BAAL TO CHRIST
RAS SHAMRA: FROM BAAL TO CHRIST PRESENTED BY JONATHAN ESTERMAN SEPTEMBER 2009 Copyright 2012, Jonathan Esterman. All rights reserved. No portion of this article may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
More informationA Review of Norm Geisler's Prolegomena
A Review of Norm Geisler's Prolegomena 2017 by A Jacob W. Reinhardt, All Rights Reserved. Copyright holder grants permission to reduplicate article as long as it is not changed. Send further requests to
More informationLIBERTY UNIVERSITY BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. Justification in Relation to the Gospel. Submitted to Dr. Forrest, in partial fulfillment
LIBERTY UNIVERSITY BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY Justification in Relation to the Gospel Submitted to Dr. Forrest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the completion of the course. SEMI 500 -
More information(jfra^lmogy & CMoTM YOUNG OON KIM REVISED EDITION. 4 West 43rd Street New York, New York, 10036
(jfra^lmogy & CMoTM YOUNG OON KIM REVISED EDITION 4 West 43rd Street New York, New York, 10036 Copyright 1975 by Young Oon Kim All rights reserved. Except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review,
More informationThe Advancement: A Book Review
From the SelectedWorks of Gary E. Silvers Ph.D. 2014 The Advancement: A Book Review Gary E. Silvers, Ph.D. Available at: https://works.bepress.com/dr_gary_silvers/2/ The Advancement: Keeping the Faith
More informationqxd: qxd 10/2/08 9:04 AM Page 3 (Black plate) DAVID K. BERNARD
DAVID K. BERNARD Understanding God s Word by David K. Bernard 2005, David Bernard Hazelwood, MO 63042-2299 Cover Design by Simeon Young, Jr. Unless otherwise indicated, all quotations of Scripture are
More informationSTUDIES IN PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION
A THEODICY OF HELL STUDIES IN PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION Volume 20 The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume. A THEODICY OF HELL by CHARLES SEYMOUR SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS
More informationTHESES SIS/LIBRARY TELEPHONE:
THESES SIS/LIBRARY TELEPHONE: +61 2 6125 4631 R.G. MENZIES LIBRARY BUILDING NO:2 FACSIMILE: +61 2 6125 4063 THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY EMAIL: library.theses@anu.edu.au CANBERRA ACT 0200 AUSTRALIA
More informationChurch History, Lesson 12: The Modern Church, Part 2: The Age of Progress ( )
94, Lesson 12: The Modern Church, Part 2: The Age of Progress (1789 1914) 35. Protestant Progress a. Missions i. Background: ii. Causes: 1. Up until the 19 th century, Protestant Christianity hardly existed
More informationRead Mark Learn. Romans. St Helen s Church, Bishopsgate
Read Mark Learn Romans St Helen s Church, Bishopsgate Scripture quotations taken from the Holy Bible, New International Version. Copyright 1973, 1978, 1984 by International Bible Society. Used by permission
More informationGnosticism: From Nag Hammadi to the Gospel of Judas
Topic Religion & Theology Subtopic Christianity Gnosticism: From Nag Hammadi to the Gospel of Judas Course Guidebook Professor David Brakke The Ohio State University PUBLISHED BY: THE GREAT COURSES Corporate
More informationDavid K. Bernard HISTORY. Christian Doctrine The Post Apostolic Age to the Middle Ages. Volume 1
David K. Bernard A HISTORY of Christian Doctrine The Post Apostolic Age to the Middle Ages A. D. 1 0 0 1 5 0 0 Volume 1 A History of Christian Doctrine, Volume One The Post-Apostolic Age to the Middle
More informationEmory Course of Study School COS 522 Theology in the Contemporary Church
Emory Course of Study School COS 522 Theology in the Contemporary Church 2018 Summer School Session A Instructor: Dr. Waite Willis July 9-17 1:00pm 4:00pm Email: wwillis@flsouthern.edu Cell: (863) 602-7878
More information1/8. Introduction to Kant: The Project of Critique
1/8 Introduction to Kant: The Project of Critique This course is focused on the interpretation of one book: The Critique of Pure Reason and we will, during the course, read the majority of the key sections
More informationChristian. Interpretations. of Genesis 1
Christian Interpretations of Genesis 1 Christian answers to hard questions Christian Interpretations of Genesis 1 Christianity and the Role of Philosophy Creation, Evolution, and Intelligent Design The
More informationSYNTHESE HISTORICAL LIBRARY
PIERRE GASSENDI SYNTHESE HISTORICAL LIBRARY TEXTS AND STUDIES IN THE HIS TOR Y OF LOGIC AND PHILOSOPHY Editors: N. KRETZMANN, Cornell University G. NUCHELMANS, University of Leyden Editorial Board: J.
More informationChristianity. and the Role of. Philosophy
Christianity and the Role of Philosophy Christian answers to hard questions Christian Interpretations of Genesis 1 Christianity and the Role of Philosophy Creation, Evolution, and Intelligent Design The
More informationBiblical Hermeneutics
Biblical Hermeneutics Modern and Post-Modern Models Models Post-Modern Modern and New Developments 1 2 New Methodology New Philosophies 3 4 New Discoveries New Realities A. New methodology rationalistic
More informationThe Oneness View of Jesus Christ
The Oneness View of Jesus Christ by David K. Bernard 1994, David K. Bernard Printing History: 1996, 1998, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2010 Cover Design by Laura Jurek All Scripture quotations in this book are from
More informationTHEO 697 The Enlightenment and Modern Theology
THEO 697 The Enlightenment and Modern Theology John D. Morrison, PHD (434) 582-2185 jdmorrison@liberty.edu Winter Term, 2014 (Jan. 6-10) Office: Religion Hall, Room 128 Note: We will begin class each day
More informationThe Dead Sea Scrolls. Course Guidebook. Subtopic Comparative & World Religion. Topic Religion & Theology. Professor Gary A.
Topic Religion & Theology Subtopic Comparative & World Religion The Dead Sea Scrolls Course Guidebook Professor Gary A. Rendsburg Rutgers University PUBLISHED BY: THE GREAT COURSES Corporate Headquarters
More informationTHE HISTORIC ALLIANCE OF CHRISTIANITY AND SCIENCE
THE HISTORIC ALLIANCE OF CHRISTIANITY AND SCIENCE By Kenneth Richard Samples The influential British mathematician-philosopher Bertrand Russell once remarked, "I am as firmly convinced that religions do
More informationPENTECOSTAL THEOLOGY VOLUME 3 SEARCH HOLINESS 25TH ANNIVERSARY EDITION REVISED AND UPDATED. David K. Bernard Loretta A. Bernard
PENTECOSTAL THEOLOGY VOLUME 3 IN SEARCH OF HOLINESS 25TH ANNIVERSARY EDITION REVISED AND UPDATED David K. Bernard Loretta A. Bernard In Search of Holiness by David K. Bernard and Loretta A. Bernard Copyright
More informationPAGE(S) WHERE TAUGHT (If submission is not a book, cite appropriate location(s))
District of Columbia Public Schools, World History Standards (Grade 10) CHRONOLOGY AND SPACE IN HUMAN HISTORY Content Standard 1: Students understand chronological order and spatial patterns of human experiences,
More informationReligion in Crisis: Philosophy of Religion After the Death of God University of Copenhagen / DIS Fall Semester 2018
UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN Religion in Crisis: Philosophy of Religion After the Death of God University of Copenhagen / DIS Fall Semester 2018 Class Meetings: Tuesdays 12:05-14:30. Room: University of Copenhagen,
More informationBlessed Assurance. The Truth about Speaking in Tongues. Greg Backes
Blessed Assurance The Truth about Speaking in Tongues Greg Backes Blessed Assurance The Truth about Speaking in Tongues Copyright 2008 Greg Backes, All Rights Reserved. No part of this work may be copied,
More informationIn the nineteenth-century, developments in Science, philosophy, geology, biology, history and theology challenged many held theological assumptions.
5 Science & The Rise of Liberalism In the nineteenth-century, developments in Science, philosophy, geology, biology, history and theology challenged many held theological assumptions. Shows up in a number
More informationHENRY E. KYBURG, JR. & ISAAC LEVI
HENRY E. KYBURG, JR. & ISAAC LEVI PROFILES AN INTERNATIONAL SERIES ON CONTEMPORAR Y PHILOSOPHERS AND LOGICIANS EDITORS RADU J. BOGDAN, Tulane University ILKKA NIINIL UOTO, University of Helsinki EDITORIAL
More informationTHE REDISCOVERY OF JEWISH CHRISTIANITY
THE REDISCOVERY OF JEWISH CHRISTIANITY FROM TOLAND TO BAUR Edited by F. Stanley Jones Society of Biblical Literature Atlanta THE REDISCOVERY OF JEWISH CHRISTIANITY From Toland to Baur Copyright 2012 by
More informationIncarnation and Sacrament. The Eucharistic Controversy between Charles Hodge and John Williamson Nevin
Incarnation and Sacrament The Eucharistic Controversy between Charles Hodge and John Williamson Nevin Jonathan G. Bonomo INCARNATION AND SACRAMENT The Eucharistic Controversy between Charles Hodge and
More informationPL 406 HISTORY OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY Fall 2009
PL 406 HISTORY OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY Fall 2009 DAY / TIME: T & TH 10:30 11:45 A.M. INSTRUCTOR: PROF. JEAN-LUC SOLÈRE OFFICE: DEP. OF PHILOSOPHY, # 390 21 Campanella Way, 3 rd Floor TEL: 2-4670 OFFICE HOURS:
More informationThe Bible s Yes to Same-Sex Marriage
The Bible s Yes to Same-Sex Marriage An Evangelical's Change of Heart MARK ACHTEMEIER 2014 Mark Achtemeier First edition Published by Westminster John Knox Press Louisville, Kentucky 14 15 16 17 18 19
More informationThe Laws of Potential
The Laws of Potential A Workbook to Change Your Life by Robert J. Flower, Ph.D. www.drbobflower.com Copyright 2009 Dr. Robert J. Flower All Rights Reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted
More informationLIBERTY UNIVERSITY BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. Driscoll Essay. Submitted to Dr. LaRue Stephens, in partial fulfillment
OBST 515 LIBERTY UNIVERSITY BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY Driscoll Essay Submitted to Dr. LaRue Stephens, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the completion of the course 201420 Spring 2014 OBST
More informationREL Research Paper Guidelines and Assessment Rubric. Guidelines
REL 327 - Research Paper Guidelines and Assessment Rubric Guidelines In order to assess the degree of your overall progress over the entire semester, you are expected to write an exegetical paper for your
More informationBy Sheri Graham. Sample file. Published by Graham Family Ministries
A 30-Day ThanksGIVING Journal Cultivating a Thankful, Giving Heart By Sheri Graham Published by Graham Family Ministries A 30-Day Thanksgiving Journal By Sheri Graham Published in the United States of
More informationTEN TRAITS OF I-AMNESS
TEN TRAITS OF I-AMNESS Our feeling of wellbeing, our willingness to embrace life, our hunger for living fully and with joy, our capacity to love and give, our access to deep compassion for ourselves and
More informationPhilosophy 3020: Modern Philosophy. UNC Charlotte, Spring Section 001, M/W 11:00am-12:15pm, Winningham 101
Philosophy 3020: Modern Philosophy UNC Charlotte, Spring 2014 Section 001, M/W 11:00am-12:15pm, Winningham 101 Instructor: Trevor Pearce Office Hours: T/Th 10-11am or by appointment Department of Philosophy
More informationSpinoza and Spinozism. By STUART HAMPSHIRE. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2005.
Spinoza and Spinozism. By STUART HAMPSHIRE. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2005. Pp. lviii + 206. Price 40.00.) Studies of Spinoza, both scholarly and introductory, have abounded in the 54 years since the publication
More informationSchleiermacher on Christ and Religion by H. Richard Niebuhr (S.C.M.)
[p.88] Schleiermacher on Christ and Religion by H. Richard Niebuhr (S.C.M.) Reviewed by Geoffrey W. Grogan It is difficult to exaggerate the importance of Schleiermacher in the history of modern theology.
More informationThe Pentateuch. Lesson Guide INTRODUCTION TO THE PENTATEUCH LESSON ONE. Pentateuch by Third Millennium Ministries
3 Lesson Guide LESSON ONE INTRODUCTION TO THE PENTATEUCH For videos, manuscripts, and Lesson other resources, 1: Introduction visit Third to the Millennium Pentateuch Ministries at thirdmill.org. 2 CONTENTS
More informationBiblical Wisdom Literature
Topic Religion & Theology Pure intellectual stimulation that can be popped into the [audio or video player] anytime. Harvard Magazine Biblical Wisdom Literature Passionate, erudite, living legend lecturers.
More informationMost of us are vitally interested in answers to the big questions
CONTENTS 1. Backgrounds 7 2. The Creation 13 3. The Fall of Man and Extension of Civilization 27 4. The Flood 43 5. Historical Developments After the Flood 59 6. Abraham (1) Covenant and Early Years in
More informationReligion in Crisis: Philosophy of Religion After the Death of God University of Copenhagen / DIS Fall Semester 2018
UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN Religion in Crisis: Philosophy of Religion After the Death of God University of Copenhagen / DIS Fall Semester 2018 Class Meetings: Tuesdays 12:05-14:30. Room: University of Copenhagen,
More informationThe Western Church and the Challenge of Modernity
The Western Church and the Challenge of Modernity The Industrial Revolution Foundations of industrialization The factory system The spread and growth Characteristics of industrial societies Values of industrial
More informationLecture 18: Rationalism
Lecture 18: Rationalism I. INTRODUCTION A. Introduction Descartes notion of innate ideas is consistent with rationalism Rationalism is a view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or justification.
More informationPHILOSOPHY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES
PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES Philosophy SECTION I: Program objectives and outcomes Philosophy Educational Objectives: The objectives of programs in philosophy are to: 1. develop in majors the ability
More informationHumanities Divisional Board. Communication from the Board of the Faculty of Theology and Religion
HDB(14)70_G Humanities Divisional Board Communication from the Board of the Faculty of Theology and Religion Master of Philosophy in Theology Brief note about nature of change: Rewording of current regulations
More informationPresented to. for. BIBL 364 Acts. Jonathan F Esterman L
BAPTISM OF THE HOLY SPIRIT & SPEAKING IN TONGUES IN ACTS Presented to Dr. L Timothy Swinson for BIBL 364 Acts by Jonathan F Esterman L23477812 October 18, 2010 Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Definitions...
More informationA LIFE OF MAGIC CHEMISTRY
A LIFE OF MAGIC CHEMISTRY Autobiographical Reflections of a Nobel Prize Winner George A. Olah A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION New York Chichester Weinheim Brisbane Singapore Toronto A LIFE OF MAGIC
More informationASSERTIVENESS SKILLS FOR RECEPTIONISTS
ASSERTIVENESS SKILLS FOR RECEPTIONISTS 800-556-3009 www.careertrack.com DISCLAIMER: The principles and suggestions in this handout and the ASSERTIVENESS SKILLS FOR RECEPTIONISTS webinar are presented to
More informationAlso by Kenneth W. Osbeck
Also by Kenneth W. Osbeck 25 Most Treasured Gospel Hymn Stories 52 Bible Characters Dramatized 52 Hymn Stories Dramatized 101 Hymn Stories 101 More Hymn Stories Amazing Grace: 366 Hymn Stories for Daily
More informationEvidence and Transcendence
Evidence and Transcendence Religious Epistemology and the God-World Relationship Anne E. Inman University of Notre Dame Press Notre Dame, Indiana Copyright 2008 by University of Notre Dame Notre Dame,
More informationTHE EVENT OF DEATH: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL ENQUIRY
MARTINUS NIJHOFF PHILOSOPHY LIBRARY VOLUME 23 For a complete list of volumes in this series see final page of the volume. The Event of Death: A Phenomenological Enquiry by Ingrid Leman-Stefanovic 1987
More informationJohn Calvin Presentation
John Calvin Presentation Ryan Robinson I think everybody here is probably already familiar with at least some aspects of John Calvin s life and theology so I m basically going to whirlwind tour to try
More informationUnlocking Your ntuition
Unlocking Your ntuition Unlocking Your ntuition 7 Keys to Awakening Your Psychic Potential Carol Ann Liaros 4th Dimension Press Virginia Beach Virginia Copyright 2015 by Carol Ann Liaros 1st Printing,
More informationHow Trustworthy is the Bible? (1) Written by Cornelis Pronk
Higher Criticism of the Bible is not a new phenomenon but a problem that has plagued the church for over a century and a-half. Spawned by the anti-supernatural spirit of the eighteenth century movement,
More informationCopyrighted material Facts on Roman Catholicism.indd 1 11/25/08 9:11:56 AM
Unless otherwise indicated, all Scripture quotations are taken from the HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION. NIV. Copyright 1973, 1978, 1984 by the International Bible Society. Used by permission of
More informationHumanities Divisional Board. Examination Regulations online (
HDB(18)78_G Humanities Divisional Board Approved by officers of the Board on 5 July 2018 Title of Programme Master of Philosophy in Theology Brief note about nature of change: online submission. Location
More informationThe Emerging Church: From Mission to Missional. William Wade
The Emerging Church: From Mission to Missional William Wade With particularly Bishop Lesslie Newbigin s influence and missiologist David J. Bosch s observations (and arguably recommendations) concerning
More informationSyllabus COS 322 Theological Heritage: Reformation to Present Steve O Malley, Instructor May 21 25, 2018
Syllabus COS 322 Theological Heritage: Reformation to Present Steve O Malley, Instructor May 21 25, 2018 Course Description This course presents the major developments in the history and theology of the
More informationd) The (first) debate about Pantheism
d) The (first) debate about Pantheism G. Valee (ed.), The Spinoza Conversations between Lessing and Jacobi T. Yasukata, Lessing s Philosophy of Religion, op. cit., ch. 7 F. Beiser, The Fate of Reason.
More informationThe Age of the Enlightenment
Page1 The Age of the Enlightenment Written by: Dr. Eddie Bhawanie, Ph.D. The New Webster s Dictionary and Thesaurus gives the following definition of the Enlightenment ; an intellectual movement during
More informationReligion in Crisis: Philosophy of Religion After the Death of God University of Copenhagen Department of Theology / DIS Spring Semester 2018
U N I V E R S I T Y O F C O P E N H A G E N FACULTY OF THEOLOGY Religion in Crisis: Philosophy of Religion After the Death of God University of Copenhagen Department of Theology / DIS Spring Semester 2018
More informationMeeting the Father of Lights in the Midst of Our Darkness. An In-Depth Interactive Study. Cathy Deddo
The Letter of James Meeting the Father of Lights in the Midst of Our Darkness An In-Depth Interactive Study Cathy Deddo James.indb 3 Website: www.trinitystudycenter.com Email: theletterofjamesstudy@gmail.com
More informationCopyright. Copyright 2017 Abby Rike Rockenbaugh of rockthis.org. All rights reserved.
Copyright Copyright 2017 Abby Rike Rockenbaugh of rockthis.org. All rights reserved. You are welcome to print a copy of this document for your personal use. Other than that, no part of this publication
More informationSpiritual Warfare: Overcoming the Enemy
Spiritual Warfare: Overcoming the Enemy Kay Arthur, David & BJ Lawson PRECEPT MINISTRIES INTERNATIONAL Excerpted from Spiritual Warfare: Overcoming the Enemy by Kay Arthur, David & BJ Lawson Copyright
More informationThe Decline of Christianity in Modern Europe
From the SelectedWorks of David C Taylor Jr Spring May 4, 2015 The Decline of Christianity in Modern Europe David C Taylor, Jr, Liberty University Available at: https://works.bepress.com/davidtaylorjr/10/
More informationA-level Religious Studies
A-level Religious Studies RST4B June 2014 Exemplars with Commentaries Contents: General Guidance Page 2 Candidate A Page 3 Candidate B Page 8 Candidate C Page 13 Candidate D Page 17 Candidate E Page 25
More informationContents Faith and Science
Contents Faith and Science Introduction to Being Reformed: Faith Seeking Understanding... 3 Introduction to Faith and Science... 4 Session 1. Faith Seeking Understanding... Through Science... 5 Session
More informationLifestyles of Faith Book 2. Published by Q Place. Naaman, Jonah, Josiah, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah. Marilyn Kunz & Catherine Schell
Lifestyles of Faith Book 2 Naaman, Jonah, Josiah, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah Marilyn Kunz & Catherine Schell Published by Q Place 1 All Scripture quotations, unless otherwise indicated, are taken from the
More informationDivine Eternity and the Reduplicative Qua. are present to God or does God experience a succession of moments? Most philosophers agree
Divine Eternity and the Reduplicative Qua Introduction One of the great polemics of Christian theism is how we ought to understand God s relationship to time. Is God timeless or temporal? Does God transcend
More informationChrist-Centered Critical Thinking. Lesson 6: Evaluating Thinking
Christ-Centered Critical Thinking Lesson 6: Evaluating Thinking 1 In this lesson we will learn: To evaluate our thinking and the thinking of others using the Intellectual Standards Two approaches to evaluating
More informationESCAPING MODERNITY: FREEDOM AND HAPPINESS AT THE END OF HISTORY
PSCI 4319/5309 W 2017 Concepts of Political Community II. Instructor: Professor Waller R. Newell www.wallernewell.com Time: Thursdays 11:35 to 14:25, please confirm location on Carleton Central. Office
More informationGod and Mankind: Comparative Religions
Topic Religion & Theology Subtopic Comparative & World Religion God and Mankind: Comparative Religions Course Guidebook Professor Robert Oden Kenyon College PUBLISHED BY: THE GREAT COURSES Corporate Headquarters
More informationWesley Theological Seminary Weekend Course of Study: March and April 20-21, 2018
Wesley Theological Seminary Weekend Course of Study: March 16-17 and April 20-21, 2018 CS-321 Faculty: email: Bible III: Gospels Katherine Brown kbrown@wesleyseminary.edu Objectives: This course focuses
More informationJohn Stuart Mill ( ) is widely regarded as the leading English-speaking philosopher of
[DRAFT: please do not cite without permission. The final version of this entry will appear in the Encyclopedia of the Philosophy of Religion (Wiley-Blackwell, forthcoming), eds. Stewart Goetz and Charles
More informationT H I S B O O K B E L O N G S T O
THIS BOOK BELONGS TO Developing Leaders To Fulfill The Great Commission LeaderTreks is a student leadership development ministry using curriculum, innovative training, and trips to help students identify
More information- Origen (early Christian theologian, Philocalia
1 2 The parallel between nature and Scripture is so complete, we must necessarily believe that the person who is asking questions of nature and the person who is asking questions of Scripture are bound
More informationParents Pray. Hope. with
Parents Pray Hope with Parents Pray Hope with Written by Rev. Tim Wesemann The mission of CTA is to glorify God by providing purposeful products that lift up and encourage the body of Christ because we
More informationCandidate Style Answers
Candidate Style Answers GCSE Religious Studies A OCR GCSE in Religious Studies: J620 Unit: B580 (Judaism) These candidate style answers are designed to accompany the OCR GCSE Religious Studies A specification
More informationSTEPPING STONES BIBLE STUDY GOD S UNFOLDING PLAN OF SALVATION HANDOUTS Free downloadable NewHopePublishers.com
STEPPING STONES BIBLE STUDY GOD S UNFOLDING PLAN OF SALVATION HANDOUTS Free downloadable NewHopePublishers.com By Rita Usher, Melanie Story, and Amanda Thornton For use with Stepping Stones Bible Study
More informationNAMES FOR THE MESSIAH
NAMES FOR THE MESSIAH An Advent Study Walter Brueggemann Order Now from Your Preferred Retailer 2016 Walter Brueggemann Study guide 2016 Westminster John Knox Press This book was previously published as
More informationPresbytery of New Harmony Evaluation & Long Range Planning Committee Update Report to the Stated Meeting of Presbytery May 9, 2017
Presbytery of New Harmony Evaluation & Long Range Planning Committee Update Report to the Stated Meeting of Presbytery May 9, 2017 Recent events in the life of our denomination have presented us with exciting
More informationOsprey Publishing
Contents Introduction 4 The Land of Atlantis 10 Politics and Power 25 Rival Nations 38 The First Atlantean Wars 44 Resistance and Counter-Attack 58 The Aftermath 74 Select Bibliography 80 Introduction:
More informationATTACHMENT (D) Presbytery of New Harmony Evaluation & Long Range Planning Committee Update Report to the Stated Meeting of Presbytery October 10, 2017
Presbytery of New Harmony Evaluation & Long Range Planning Committee Update Report to the Stated Meeting of Presbytery October 10, 2017 Recent events in the life of our denomination have presented us with
More informationThe Metaphysical Foundations of Tibetan. Exemplified by the philosophy of the Indian. comparison with the British philosopher
1 Christian Thomas Kohl: The Metaphysical Foundations of Tibetan Tantra and Modern Science. Exemplified by the philosophy of the Indian philosopher Nagarjuna (2 nd century CE) in comparison with the British
More informationCOPYRIGHT NOTICE Wai-ming Ng/The I Ching in Tokugawa Thought and Culture
COPYRIGHT NOTICE Wai-ming Ng/The I Ching in Tokugawa Thought and Culture is published by University of Hawai i Press and copyrighted, 2000, by the Association for Asian Studies. All rights reserved. No
More informationReimagining God. The Faith Journey of a Modern Heretic. Lloyd Geering. Study & discussion guide prepared by Jarmo Tarkki
Reimagining God The Faith Journey of a Modern Heretic Lloyd Geering Study & discussion guide prepared by Jarmo Tarkki PART 1. The Starting Point Chapter 1. God and Me Lloyd Geering became a Christian as
More informationON A. Mission: My Mission. Trip Journal
ON A Mission: My Mission Trip Journal Tim Wesemann ON A Mission: My Mission Trip Journal Mission Trip ates: Mission Site(s): Trip Leaders and Contact Information: The vision of CTA is to see Christians
More informationR S 313M Jewish Civ: Begin To 1492 also listed as HIS 306N, J S 304M, MES 310 Course Description: Grading: Required Books (
R S 313M Jewish Civ: Begin To 1492 also listed as HIS 306N, J S 304M, MES 310 Meets TTH 9:30am-11:00 in CMA 3.114 SCHOFER, JONATHAN (jonschofer@austin.utexas.edu; Burdine 524) Associate Professor of Religious
More information