#11. (152014) 3B ISN 5
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1 #11. (152014) 3B ISN 5
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3 Colonial Society Class Like today, class differences existed
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5 Gentry (top of society)- wealthy planters, merchants, ministers, successful lawyers, and royal officials.
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7 Middle classfarmers, skilled crafts workers, and some tradespeople. About three quarters of all white colonists were considered middle class.
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9 Lowest social class- hired farmhands, indentured servants, and slaves. Indentured Servants- signed contracts to work without pay for a period of 4-7 years for anyone who would pay their way to the Americas.
10 Colonial Society African Americans in Colonial Society The culture of Africans in the colonies varied greatly. Rice plantations in South Carolina- slaves saw few white colonists. African customs remained strong. Names and Language (Gullah- 17 th and 18 th century English and several West African languages).
11 Colonial Society African Americans in Colonial Society Charleston and other port towns- African Americans worked along docks as shipbuilders, making rope or barrels. Also worked as skilled crafts workers. Used earnings to buy freedom for themselves and their families.
12 Colonial Society African Americans in Colonial Society Middle and New England colonies- African population grew during the 1700s. African customs became a part of colonial life. Negro Election Day- Africans elected a leader of their community.
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16 The Great Awakening (1730s and 1740s) What was the Great Awakening? A religious movement.
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18 The Great Awakening Preachers Jonathan Edwards helped kick off the Great Awakening. Gave powerful sermons about examining life, the beauty of God, the Bible s teachings and sinners.
19 The Great Awakening Preachers George Whitefield- drew huge crowds to his meetings. He was very enthusiastic and energetic.
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21 The Great Awakening Impact of the Great Awakening People split from their churches to form new ones. Contributed to the spread of democratic beliefs. The growth of many new churches forced colonists to become more tolerant of people with different beliefs. The teachings of the Great Awakening encouraged a spirit of independence. Colonists felt if they could figure out how to worship on their own, then they govern themselves.
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23 Education in the Colonies Influenced by French Thinker, Baron de Montesquieu who believed education was key to a successful republic (representative government). If all people in a republic are not educated then they will not be able to make good decisions for society.
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26 Education in the Colonies New England The most concerned about education. Passed a law ordering all parents to teach their children to read and understand religion. Required all towns with 50 or more families to hire a schoolteacher. Towns with 100 or more families had to set up a grammar school to prepare boys for college.
27 Education in the Colonies New England Massachusetts set up the first public schools. How are public schools paid for? Taxes There was only one room for all ages. The teacher was paid with corn, peas, or other foods. Students were expected to bring wood to burn in the stove.
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30 Education in the Colonies Middle and Southern Churches and individual families set up private schools. Only wealthy families could afford to educate their children. Southern- People lived too far from each other to bring children together at one location. Some people paid tutors or private teachers to educate their children. Wealthy Southerners sent their sons to school in England. Slaves were denied education of any kind.
31 Education in the Colonies Apprentice Boys whose parents wanted them to learn a craft or trade served as apprentices. Worked for a master to learn a trade or a craft.
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34 Enlightenment-Spread of Ideas During the 1600s, European scientists began to use reason and logic instead of superstition to understand the world. Theories were developed and experiments were used to test them. Many laws of nature were discovered this way (law of gravity).
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36 Spread of Ideas Thinkers of the 1600s and 1700s tried to discover natural laws and believed in the ability of humans to reason and discuss new ideas, started the movement known as the Enlightenment.
37 Enlightenment The most famous Enlightenment thinker in the colonies was an English philosopher, John Locke. He said people could gain knowledge of the world by observing and experimenting.
38 Enlightenment French Thinker, Baron de Montesquieu who believed education was key to a successful republic and also said that a separation of power in the government is the best way to prevent tyranny.
39 Spread of Ideas Who was the best example of the Enlightenment spirit in the colonies? Benjamin Franklin Born in 1706 The son of a poor Boston soap and candle maker. Only has 2 years of formal schooling Studied literature, mathematics, and foreign languages in his spare time. At age 17, Franklin moved to Philadelphia where he built up a successful printing business. Franklin used reason to understand and improve the world. Invented lightning rod, smokeless fireplace, and bifocal glasses.
40 Spread of Ideas Benjamin Franklin
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42 Spread of Ideas Port Cities Although many colonists lived on farms, towns and cities strongly influenced colonial life. Merchants shipped products overseas through the great ports of Philadelphia, New York, Boston, and Charleston. Towns and cities served as the center of a busy trade between the coast and the backcountry. Focused on improving our world.
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44 Spread of Ideas Trial of John Peter Zenger A publisher in New York City. In 1734 John Peter Zenger was arrested for publishing stories in the Weekly Journal criticizing the governor. Put on trial for publishing a statement that unjustly damaged a person s reputation. Lawyer argued since the statements were true, Zenger had not committed a crime. Jury agreed and freed Zenger. Story did not get much attention at the time. Freedom of the press is now recognized as a basic American right.
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47 30 Warm-up #17 Define the term virtue. 31 T.O.D. #17 How did religion and virtue contribute to the growth of representative government in the colonies?
48 ISN 30 #17. How did religion and virtue contribute to the growth of representative government in the colonies? Religious freedom was a main cause for the establishment of many colonies. Religious groups created communities that were selfgoverned with representatives. Colonists having virtue caused them to make decisions and behave in ways that were good for all.
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