THE. N 0 RT H-E.R N C HUiRC H E S THE S,A NT A L MIS ISO N DUHKA. OF t'he SIXTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT ]988. FOR THE Y'EAtl 18'8~

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1 THE SIXTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE S,A NT A L MIS ISO N OF t'he N 0 RT H-E.R N C HUiRC H E S (~B INDIAN HOM. IlISBION To THB BANTALB) FOR THE Y'EAtl 18'8~.. iiii E _ DUHKA PUBLISHICD BY TEll!: 8 A.NT'~LHI8SroN Oll'lJ'RC1llBB ]988. (Yl!' TU_ N'01l.'l'HBB'N

2 THE SANTAL MISSION OF THE NORTHERN CHURCHES ~eaehttn anb 'QI:retsurtt. Rev. R. RoSENLUND ])'Umka, Santal ParganaB, Bihar. t#\issionarits. BAGGER, MB. & MRS. V- (arr. in India Dec & June 1926), Saldom. on/uri. BJERKE STRAND, MR. & MRS. O. S. (arr. in India April, 1925). BODDING, REV. & :MRs. P. O. (arr. in India Jan & Nov. 1915) Mohulpahari. BeGR, MR. & MRs.E. (arrived in India Dec & Febr.I980), Baldoha. BUTTE DAHL, MISS llignhild, (arr, in India December 1927), Haraputa. DIESEN, MISS NANCY, (arrived in India December, 1911), Maharo. EIE, MB. & MRS. O. (arrived in India October, 1920), Mornaj T. E. GAUSDAL, REV. & MRs. J. (arr. in India Nov & Jan. 1919), Assam Colony. GIRTZ, REV. & MRS. J. M. (arrived in India April, 1925). GIMNES, REV. & MRs. E. (arr. in India February, 1925 & Dec. 1927), Basetkundi. on fu rl. GLAD, REV. A. MRs. W_ (arrived in India Nov 1931). Dumka. HELLAND REV. & MRS. B. d.. (arrived in India Oct. 1926), Kaerabani. HOLTEN, MISS GUDRUN, (arr. in India Dec. 1927), Benagaria. JOHANSEN J. ESQR. (arrived in India Novembfr. 1930), Dumka. KAMpp, REV. & MRS. H. P. H. (arr. in India Nov &; Ma.roh, 1918). KRISTIANSEN, REV. & MRS. A. (arr. in India. Dec. & Nov.1927), Gaorang, LOHNE, MISS LAURA. (arrived in India Oot. 1923), Maharo LOWE, MIss ERIKA, (arrived in India. Nov. 1924). on furl. MILLER, MISS DAGMAR, (arrived iu India November, 1920). Haraputa. NESSET, MIss SOFIE (new arrival March 1932) Haraputa. NIELSEN, MRS. DINA, (arrived in Nov. 1912), Koraya. OFSTAD Rllv. & MRS. K. (arr. in India Nov & May, 1917), On fwrl.

3 iii OLESEN, MIss ANNA, (arrived in India. April, 1925). tmjwrl. OSTERGAARD, DR. E. (arr. in J ndia 1928), Benagaria. PEDERSON, REV. & MRS. M. A. (arr in India Oct. 1904), Kaera.bani PETERSEN, DR.. Miss D. (arrived in India Oct. 1931). Grahampnr. RoSENLUND, REV. & ::MRS. R. (arrived in India Febr. 1910), Dumb.. THU, REV. & MRS. ARNE, (arrived in India March 1920), Benagaria. TROMBORG, REV. & Mrs. KR. (arrived in India Sept & Oct. 1923)' Henagaria REV. R. ROSINLUND. lqintsltts. Dumka, Santa} Parganas. RIGHT. REV. B. STOYLEN, KRIBTIANSA.ND, NORWAY. REV. COUNT VIGGO MOLTKE, ASMINPEROD, FBEDENSBORG, DENMARK. RBv. A. J. HULTENG, Grand Forks, North Dakota. U. S A. REV. J. J. OF6TAD, Attorney: REV. JOHS. GAUSDAL. REV. M. A. PJ!:DEBBON. ~ome ~Oarb5. THE NORWEGIAN BOARD FOR THE SANTAL MISSION Preaident. RECTOR HANS HOEO. Vice-President. PROF. KARL VOLD. Becreta'l'Y. RBv. J.OJrSTAD. HOLBERGS PLADS 7, OSLO. Treasurer. MIss. ASTA OPSAHL, HOLBBRGS PLAnS 7, OSLO. MISS M. KINNEROD, RONBBBBG ESQ.

4 iv REV. M. JOHNE. REV. A. E. LEERK. S. HA}lBO, Advocate of High Court. THE DANISH BOARD FOR THE SANTAL MISSION P'I"68ident. RIGHT REV. P. OLDEN BOOG,.Aalborg. SeM'etary. REV. V ALD. CHRISTIANSEN, Aarhus. Treasurer. REV. C. CHRISTENSEN, Villa Alba, Kongens Tvervej 14, Copenhagen. MRS. SVELMO THOMSEN. REV.RO&Dill CLA.USSEN. REV. M. HANSEN. REV. A. THELE. REV. COU,WT V MOLTKE. CARLSEN- SlnoDT, ESQ. RIGHT REV. H. FONNESBECH WULF. Mr. FIBIGEB. THE AMERICAN BOARD FOR THE SANTAL MISSION Augsburg Seminary, Mi1meapolis, Minn. U. S~ A. RNv. A. J. HULTENG. President REV. J. C. AABERG Vice- President. REV. DIlEN See'y and Treas. PROF. A. HELLA.ND Ohairman ]h Oom. RF!v. W. M. HAGEN. REV.A. R. PETERSON. REV. S. O. RONDESTVEI>. MR. OTTO RoON. MR. SIVERT THOMPSON. REV. S. M. STENBY. The Oommittee of the America.n Danish Evang. Luth. Church. REV. A. DAN, Presiilem. REV. J. C. AABERG, SSl1I'6tor.g. MISS. S. 08TJ:&GA~!m, liinneapolis, Treasurer.

5 \.SiANfAL. PASroBS. Jalpa 8Qr~D., 1901, Narayanpur. ('Ceqr P. O. Dina;/nW:.) B~ti~ Mech, 1911, Haraputa. (Assam Colon,J.) Kambo Murmu, 1916, Benagaria. Dhunu Kisku, 1916, Haripur. (Pak'uria P.O.) Husue HnsdaK, 1916, Tilabani. (MohMlpakari P. QJ Kisun Tu~u. 1921, Rantzaupur. (Assam Coton,.) Lodo SQr~n, 1923, Sapadoha. (Bmagaria P.O.) Dhononjoe Ojha, 1923, Maharo. (Dumka Po.) PQolu HasdaR:, 1923, (retired) Domboria. (KaeralJtMi P.o.) +ik~ Hurmu, 1924, Chondorpura. (Katikund P.o.) A.ndreas Murmu, 1924, Dumka. B~ij~l HasdaR, I 924, Gamharp~hQ.ri (Bellagat'ia P.o.) Mondol Murmu, 1924, Saldoha. (Mokulpakari P.o.) Ch~mpQoi HasdaR, 1924, Pipr~. (Malsera P. 0.) Khela Pastor, 1924, Assam Colony. Sonaton Hembrom, 1925, Basetkul;uJi. (Makespur P.o.) Mingh u Sgr~n, 1926, J oema. (Gosaingaon P.o.) GI}-lu Sgr~n, 1928, Kaerabani. Pitor Heplbrom, 1928, Mornai. (Dingdinga P.o.) Simion Murmu, 1929, Khorib~ri. (Muckia P.o.) Emanuel 'fuq,u, 1929, DhQrQmpur. (KumraiJad P. 0.) Kunj~l Pij,uria, 1930, Pharidpur. (Halwa P.o.) Lokhon Hembrom, 1930, Grahampur. (Dingdinga P.o.) MgnggI Kisku, 1980, Dina j pur, Rautnagor. (Ranisanleail P.O.) Ragda Sgren, 1981, J olesari. ((}osaingaon p, 0.)

6 KaJu Kisku, 1931, (MoAulpaJaari P.O.) Khudia Ma rndi, 1931, Koroya. (Dumka P.O.) Lopsa SQr n, :pgmkata. (Kaera6ani P.O.) Bengali Pastors. J. Mazumdar, 1929, Rampurhat. Srinath Biswas, 1930, Nalhati. Boro Paatol'. OlichgrQn 1932, Gaorang. (Haltugaon P. 0.) -1-

7 THE SIXTY SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE YEAR _" 1- II "Fear Dot little flock:, for it is your Father's good pleasure to give you the kingdom" (S. Luke 12, 32). These words have often been a comfort and encouragement to Christians in hard times. If we say that we have.passed through hard times this last year we ought to be ashamed of ourselves. Not really hard times but anxious times perhaps. And our anxiety has not been about the conditions in the country where we have our daily work, I mean the conditions and outlook for our mission work. We have met no speeial difficulty or hindrance of any new or unexpected 8ort. The same conditions, the same possibilities as hitherto. We have been anxio.lls about our moll8y

8 2 TH! SANTAL MISSION 01' THE NORTHERN OHURCHEB. resources. Sometimes it has been very difficult to find money for paying our workers; twice during the year I we have had to cut down, either paying half salaries or asking some of our workers to wait for their pay till next month. We have been compelled to cut down onr repair "expenditures and to postpone things which 8S far as we were able to see ought to have been done this year. Even if we could not in truth say that times have been really hard -thinking of the millions of people in other countries who have been suffering hunger and awful calamities, and of the conditions under which Christian bretheren in some other countries have been living- still I think that it is right and natural to tell oar ho~eland friends something about how the financial difficaltias have influenced our work. The Kingdom which it is our Father's good pleaeure to give us is something different from our plans and endeavours and results etc. Nevertheless we have been taught by the Lord to pray for its coming and according to some of His parables and other teachings we should have our minds and also our daily work directed towards the coming of His Kingdom. It is also implied in the Scriptures that by our sins and shortcomings we might cause delay to its coming. Could then financial conditions in a mission work really have such important and far-reaching effects ~ Perhaps we had better ask only whether the present financial difficulties have been felt as a. hindrance to the preaching

9 SIXTY SIXTH ANNUAL Rl!lPORT. of the Gospel. 'Ve do not like to admit it, but it would not be right to avoid this question. It seems to me that some of our Indian fellow workers, perha.ps only a few of them, have been a bit disheartened this year owing to these difficulties, and that might have been felt in their daily work. Not that these workers have been working only for their salaries, but they need some time to recover from the shock which it wa.s to them when they had to realize that our homeland frien'ls and supporters have also been hit by the "bad times" What if the contributions suddenly fail altoget;ler? Out' fellow workers are getting accllstomed to see the necessity o advancing towards full self-sllpport (a misleading word), but they and we all have been hoping that some time would be allowed so as to en.lble us to advance step by step. Such steps have been made now and then. Bllt these times put us into slldden emergencies and compel us to advance more rapidly than we had considered advisable and possible. Some few years, ago we decided that a contributi6n should be paid from each congregation to the central "treasury" here in Dllmka. For many years the loca.l contributions had been used for local purposes (repa.irs of churches etc). As a rule such local expenditure would not appear in our annual accounts, ollr friends in the homela.nds consequently would not get any idea o how much the Christians have year by yeal' been contributing to the mission work. Besides that we felt the ner.essity of training the

10 4 THE SANTAL MISSION 01' THE NORTHBRN CHURCHES. congregations to work for the whole mission, the whole church. In times to come they will need a greatei community than a lot of independant and unconnected local congregations. They will need a common church fund and a certain amount of co-operation. They will need an arrangement that will enable also small isolated congregations to get a pastor even if such a small congregation is too poor to provide for his salary, and an arrangement for transferring pastors and teachers according to the need of the work. Therefore we started paying contributions to the central treasury. But then came the difficulty that many of the congregations were quite unable to understand why they should pay money to the mission as a whole. They would gladly pay their money for work done in their owu "field", as they had for many years been accustomed to. Then we gave in, especially because we found it difficult at times to pay even the salluies of the workers. We had to cut down the expenses towards salaries by 5 percent in some places and by 10 percent in other places. We did not as yet go so far as with the salaries of the missionaries which were cut down by 10 percent individually. This we felt would be very hard on our poorly paid workers. We cut down the total amount and asked the local congregations to provide for the 10 or the 5 percent. They agreed to that proposition. But we made one mistake, we left it to congregations themselves to pay this amount locally when it suited them. And then

11 SIXTY SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT. they went on as usual in most places, the monthlysalanes were paid out to the workers by the local pastors in full, by which proceeding they simply used a part of the money intended for repairs etc. in order to be able to pay the salaries in full. And besides that the.:ontributions to the local church funds dimiuished owing to two reasons. Firstly, because people here in India who are most of them farmers have been hit quite as hard as farmers in our homelands by the world wide crisis, and secondly, perhaps because if the congregations were not expected to pay contributions to tile mission as a whole they simply paid in so much less to the local funds. Then came the special difficulty in December when we had not sufficient money here in Dumka to payout salaries to all workers. The local churc'b funds were then used for paying salaries to such worke'fb. But I' hear now from Maldah that part of the church fund over there has been paid out previously as loans to poor Christians, and that might be the case in some other places as jwei!. This is a practice that we are striving hard to put a stop to. But the only way to ensure that church money be chiefly spent for church purposes is a closer combina.tion of church accounts with mission accounts. Or in other words, we shall have to a.rrange it so that the local church money be actually user! up every month for paying part of salaries and pa.rt of repairs work etc. And for

12 6 THl!: SAN'l'AL 1tJlSSIOii OJ!' THE NOnTHKRN OHUROHES. that purpose we shall have to teach the local congregatiods something about budgetting, a thing that goes against the Santal mentality. But it has to be done. But now I must also mention that taken as a whole we have reason to be thankful to our Indian fellow workers that they have accepted this painful situation in a good spirit and without murmuring. Even if a few of them have been murmuring a bit it has been because they have not understood our explanations. There is a good will to accept the heavier burden when they are able to understand that it is not because of failing sympathy but due to diminished resources in our homelands that the present difficulties have come. We must all learn to depend less on human resources and to lift our eyes to Him who is the Almighty and to expect all that is essential for our work as a free gift from Him. Even the Kingdom, which it is His good pleasure to give us. The conditions under which our daily work has been done this year are as far l-ls I can see the same as the previous year. The special problems, the possibilities and the outlook will be more clearly presented in the reports from each district or institution than could be done in a summary introduction. There is however one sphere of our mission work tha.t ought to be mentioned here. That is our Boro-work. It was a hard blow to this wurk that Rev. A. Christiansen owing to the failing health of his wife had to leave the field. We know that they were both feeling very sorry

13 SIXTY SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT. 7 when leaving and are longing to come out again. Weare very thankful to Christiansen for offering to return alone to his working field after a very short stay in Denmark. The financial situation and Mrs. Christiansen's health have hitherto kept them both in Denma.rk We hope and pray for Mrs Christiansen's recovery. And it will be a very happy day for us when they can again return to their work. Meanwhile it is difficult to carryon the Boro-work. This has been done by Rev. Gausdal who however had his hauds more than full beforehand with the work in our Assam colony and the supervision of the work in Cooch Behar during the home leave of our Swedish friends, Mr. Brandt and his family. And concerning Assam one thing more should be said..li:very time we think of our friends the Windings -and that is every day-we feel how greatly we miss them. It IS hard to get accllstomed to the fact that they are not to be found in Joema or anywhere on the forest roads or in the small church houses deep in the jungle. But thair thoughts and minds and prclyers so to say are wandering about in those regiolls and we are thankful to them {Olj that and for all their work out here, and for fellowship also in the future. For Mr. Eie who is overloaded with work in the tea garden it has been a heavy extra duty to supervise the Joema district Santa 1 work -and Mr. Eie himself will say that it has given him a Jot of joy besides. During the year 1932 M.r. V- Bagger with family and Rev. and Mrs. E. (}imnes also left on furlough. We are lodg-ing for them out here.

14 ,8 THE BAN TAL!(lSSION Ql' THB NORTHBRN OHURCHES. We have welcomed out to the work again Miss E. Lowe, Rev. H. P. H. KampPt who had to leave hjs family.in Denmark and come out alone, Rev. J. M. Girtz with f~mi1y, and Rev. O. S. Bjerkestrand with family. One new missionary 1\1 iss S. N esset, we have also welcomed amongst us in In the year under report one of Ollr faith. ~ul friends in Denmark died, Rev. Dean J. C. Christensen. For many years Rev. Christensen was a member of the O.anish Ho~e Board and has given much of his valuable time-in "fact much of. himself-into the work for the Santal Mission. We miss this good friend and we thank God f~r him. BENAGARIA. -"But ye shall receive power, after that the Holy Ghost is come upon you. And y~ shall be witnesses unto me both in Jerusalem, I1nd in all Judea, and in Samaria, and unto the uttermost part of the earth." Acts. 1, 8. 'l'hese are the words of our Lord and Master. In spite of many shortcomings and mistakes on our part He h~ not forsaken us. But He has graciously given us a.nother year amongst muititudes of "fainted and-scattered abroad" peoples to proclaim the good tidings. The year in 1'8view has been very much like the pr.evipus o.~e. Sonw times ~e ha.ve been inclined to think that. pe()ple were Ql,or~ wjlling to listen t-o the Gospel then earlier~ We ha.ve bapti~a.d 74 pe~soqs frqm am.od$.et

15 SIXTY SIXTH ANNUAL RBPORT. 9 the heathens and 49 children of Ohristian pa.rents, as compared with baptisms of 6 persons from amongst the heathens and 26 children of Ohristian parents in Congregational Work. U mesh Ma.rndi of Jithia and 8aona Hembrom of Itor have withdrawn as paid elders, else the sta.ff is the same as previous, namely: Benagaria: Pastor Kambo Murmu. Elders: Dhunu Kisku, Mongol Murmu, Kha.de Hasdak. Bible women: An pi, Salomi, Mariam & 8algi. Gamharpahari : Pastor Baijal Hasdak. Elder: Sodanondo Baske. Bible women: Jilpit & Hupni. Sapadoha: Pastor Lodo Soren. Elders: Gundhu Murmu & Barsa Hasdak. Malho is Bible women there. Sohor-Itor: Elders: Lutu Tudu, Durga Hembrom, Jadu Hasdak. Bible women: Mariam & Sumi. Jitltia: Elder: Kerap Hembrom. Matiaiuri: Ram Baske is elder there. Buruamchua: Elder: Hikim Baske & Basu Baske. Bible women: Mariam & Dolgo. Dimbadoha: Elder: Anta Murmu. Chita & Purgi. Bible women: Nearly all of our workers ought to have had more training. In the future we shall have to decrease the number. But we must increase their training and efficiency as far as we are humanly able. Although we are glad for what many of the workers are doing, we still wish them to experience more fully the fulfilment of the ~

16 ld THB SAN TAL'. llissiolf 0'1' TUB' NORTHeRN' CD URCHRS. word&- "Bnt ya shall reoeive power, after that' the Holy Gliost" is; oome npon you." 'rhe ba.ptisms of the year have Village Children of Christian parents Benagaria 25 Sapadoha 6 Gamharpahari 2 Sohor :> Belbuni 2 Bnruamohua 7 Diinbadoha. 2 been as follows: From Heathen 15 1 ~ Total Without going into deta.ils I like to mention that it has been' a good year over in the Sohor district. The leader over there, Lutu tells us that one of the new Christia.ns in a place ca.lled Belda.nga. was cur.ed of Cholera by prayer. One of the results was that three fa.milies wanted instruction in Christianity a.nd have later on been baptized. They are building a small village ohurch over there, and nave also asked for a school tea.oher. But' we have not been able to send them one as yet. JUst before Christmas we had a. day of joy in Gamharpahari where 23 were baptized. We are thankful to the people of Benagal"ia Divinity school for work and help in the congregation during" the yew:.

17 'luxty SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT. 11 Self-support progresses very slowly,in our midst. But I hope that shortage of funds' from our homelands will press us forward in that direction. This year we have collected Rs. 467/ - which is'rs. 141/- less than t}ast year,,- I am sorry to Bay. The Roman Catholics have cilorried on work during the year and brought a few into theirfolq, mostly Christians whom we hisitate to count as members of our congregation. At a visit of their bishop one Sunday -they ha'd arranged a lot of dancing and drumbeating,like 'heathen festivals. So far _ nothing is told of their activities _to cwin heathens into their fold. Village Schools. We are glad that some work is being done in our village schools. The Government Inspector of schools gave us hope of Government grant -in-aid for three or four of them. But on account of the financial difficnlties the matter has not progressed any farther. I, There is a crying need to im prove most 0' our village schools. If we could only get the right -kind of teachers I Some of them are good. But some are nearly useless. I hesitate, however, to dismiss -them till some better ones are available. I am sure that the future congregation will be graatly 'influenced by the kind of work we do In our village sehools.

18 i2 THE SAnAL MIBstON or THE NORTHKRN OHtJRCHES. We have had 9 village schools during the yea.r with 172 pupils enrolled. Boys'. U. P. School, Benagaria. Total enrolment: 120. Average attendance: 80. Appeared for exa.mination: 109. Passed: 86 A number of Muhammedan and Bengali boys come to our school a.nd we are glad to have them there. The progress of the school has been satisfactory. The ins. pector writes: "I wa.s satisfied with every thing what I saw in the school." On account of illness and changes we have had 6 teachers most of the time, while the government grant is figured at 8. Three boys from the upper class and five from lower classes wa.nt to go to Ka.erabani M. E. school next year. Girls'. U. P. School, Benagaria. Total enrolment: 76. Average attendance: 47 Appeared for examination 53. Passed 33. The school has had a good year and been inspect. ed by the Government inspector. He writes (August): "'I examined the girls of all the classes and the progress was satisfactory. I saw the needlework of the top class and it was very good. Action song of small girls was excellent. All the registers of school have been well kept. * * * * * * The discipline ma.intained in the school was satisfactory,»

19 SiXTY SIXTH ANNUAl, RBPOBT. 13 H we had a hostel in connection with our school we should meet the desire of several parents, who live far away. The teaching ataft of both of the Boys' and Girls' school have had some changes which we hope will prove good. The Industrial SchooL The Industrial school is very attractive for young men, it seems. At the Admittance day, 6th January, we had to turn away about 50 who wanted to learn carpentry or weaving. As we now have a Weaving Master with higher training we do not intend to send boys to the Government Institute at Serampore for further tra.ining with stipends from this school. At the Hijla Mela we obtained several prizes both for wea.ving and carpentry work. Since last year we have a Managing Oommittee for the school. The members are: The Deputy CommisE1ioner, (chairman), tee School Inspector, the Textile Expert of Bihar and Orissa, the Secreta.ry of our Mission Society and the Superintendent of the school. The Government has renewed the grant-in-aid for another three years. The average enrolment for the year has been have finished the three years course' in Carpentry and obtained certificate while two obtained certificate in the Weaving section after a two years' course.

20 ]A THE SANTALMISSION QlI' THE NORTHBRN oliurceie8. On Pentecost day we had the joy ofbap~izing five of our Industrial. ~chool boys. Four or five others Wll hope to baptize before very long. They are being instraoted, We _tender ourtbankstto the ':Government for Igrants. i in..aid -to onr schools as,follows: The'Press Bena.garia. U. P. Boys' school Rs. 460/- " " Girls' " " u Industrial " ",2800/- Evening 96/- " " " -The Press has done w~ll and had plenty of work during the year. We need a new set of types but shortage of funds prohibi~ any purchase at present. We aregla.d, though, that we are able to close our accounts without deficit, and that the press work is a.ble to stand on its own Jegs. I am also glad that I ca.n put nearl:,y-all the burden of the press on the shoulders of the manager, Mr. K. R, Ghose, who takes a keen interest in the work. rl'be,regular -staft numbers 9. Beside 8 helpers have been occupied most 'Of the titne. The manager su bmit.s the following list of printing work: &ides the regular issues of "Pera Hor" in Sa.ohali,anu," Bongo Bond-hu" -and "Mohila Ba.ndh~b" in Bengali the following books ha.ve hoen printed dnriag ilthe -year:-

21 SIXTY SIXTH ANNUAL RBPORT. Palu Kulai Copies, Hudin. Mota.Gangll: 1000 Oere ar Janwa.rko reak Puthi 1000 " B. & O. Council Report 125 " Annual Report of the S. M. N. C. 400 Panji for Reprint of Paliil" Puthi Gospels in Santali 16;000 Chundra Lela. 2~OOO Music Seren Puthi.. 1,000 Besides the above, the printing work of all the forms for a reprint of 4000 copies of Seren Puthi and 400 copies of Girja Dhara, with the exception of the Index and preliminary pages, was completed at the end of the year. A number of forms, pamphlets etc. for the government and others have also been printed during the year. Book-Sales. It was mentioned in last year's report, but may be repeated now, that we separated the Book.;...sales accouj)t from the press work. That makes it easier to trace onr gains or losses than before, and has been' quite satisfact'ory 80 far. The book-sales department, however, ought" to Have mojle lluds,at its disposal, so that we could afford to k~p a bigger, stock of books, " " " " h

22 16 TRill BANTAL MISSION OJ' THE NORTHERN CHUROHES. The Zemiodary: Under the present financial difficulties and shortage of cash among the people the rent collections and other work in connection with the Zeminuary have proceeded very well. The statement of income and expenditure will be found in the accounts a.ppendices under the hea.d of "Indian Home Mission Zemindary Estate." In closing we send ou r greetings and cordial thanks to those who have been with us in "prayer and supplication with thanksgiving'" We trust that you will continue with us in the new year. K. Tromborg. BASETK UN D1 DISTRICT. From the middle of January 1932 until we arrived here on November 23rd. Rasetkundi had no resident European missionary. During that tim~ the work in this district was supervised by Rev. Arne Thu of Benagaria. As we have been here only a very short ti me a complete report of the work during the past year cannot be given, but a few remarks regarding each station follows: Baromasia. Ragde, is.still the leader of the work there. He is assisted b, Saona.. The Christians total 11~. Average

23 SIXTY SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT. 1'1 ohurch attendance 31. Two children of Ohristians and 6 heathens have been baptized. Kormo. We have only one elder at Kormo. Another one is needed, but we are unable to supply him at thi9 time. A few from among the heathen are being instructed for baptism. Number of Christians 31. Average church attendanoe 18. Baptisms: 2 children of Ohristians and 5 heathens. Simoldohi. The Oa.tholics are causing some disturbance at Simoldohi, although as reported by Rev. Gimnes last year, most of those who ell for their influence have returned. This year two families were instructed for ba ptism by our workers and were later baptized by the Catholics. Ibra is the station leader and he is assisted by Pandu. The Christians number 148, a.nd average ohurch attendance for the year is 57. Four children of Christians have been baptized. Hatimara~ Friends will remember that Hatimara has for several years been one of the most barren fields in the district. People have from time to time become interested in the Gospel message, only to be hindered by Bome outside influence. For some years it was the influenoe of the 'Babajee' in Hatimara village, and the last oouple of years the Roman Catholics ha.ve been the disturbing factor. At this time prospects are moro o

24 18 THE SANTAL lus8ion or THB NORT~ICRN OHUROHBS. bright.. We h$d the joy of seeing 16 souls from among the heathen baptized shortly after onr arrival. These people had been instructed for about a year and are among those who have listened to the teaching and observed the conduct of both the "Babajeeists" and the Catholics and finally decided to cast their lot with our Christians. Others are also receiving instruction at this time. Jogot was moved from Sirampur during the year and he replaced Bhaero as leader of the work. Bhagan is assisting with the work and gives a good account of himself. Total number of Christians 60. Average church attendance 18. Baptized: 1 child of Chri~tians and 16 heathens. Kakjol. Pitho and Jatll are the elders at Kakjol. The Roman Catholics are quite nctive there and are hiudering the work to some extent. A few peopl~ received instruction for baptism, but becn.use of Catholic inhuence they have decided to remain as they are for the time being. Number of Ohristians 92. Average church attendance 30. Three children were baptized. Patpahari. Here the wor k is progressing well. A few heathens have been baptized during the year and a number of others have been under instruction for several months. Bhiku and Jatu remain as elders. The Cbristians number 77. Average church attendance 25. Baptized: e.~ souls from amods' the heathen.

25 SIXTY SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT. 19 Basetkundi The work here has also seen some progress. Pastor Sonaton, together with Sag ram and MatI a, the latter having l"pplaced Lal as elder, a.re faithful workers. Several are receiving instruction for baptism. The Christia.ns here number 230. Church attendance avera. ged 87 for the year. 8 children of Christians and 16 heathens were baptized. Ohandpar. Old Lubai still continues as leader of this station. He is a fine Christian and a real soul winner. The work at Cballdpur shows steady progress also this year. N urn ber of Ohristians 207. Average church attend. ance 50. Baptized: 6 children of Christians and 37 hea.thens. Sirampur. Jujhar has been m~ved from Haripur and has since been the leadet' of the wol'k at Sirampur. Bajo continues to work faithfully. The Christians number only 25, and the average church attendance is 6. Chunpoda. Some progress has been made during the last yea.r. Disturbing factors within the congregation which seemed to hinder the work a.re seemingly settled and We hope for a brighter future for the work ~herc. The Christians num ber 97. Average church attendance: 26, Baptized: 5 children of Christians, and 7 from among the heathen.

26 20 TH.I SANTAL )(ISSION OP THE NORTHBRN OD UROBES. Rajpokhur. The congregation there as well as the mission as a whole is mourning the death of Bhiku Murmu. He died shortly after our arrival at Basetkundi. Some progress has been made ah.o this year, but some diffi. culties have arisen within the congregation which are now causing some disharmony. We hope and pray that peace and harmony will soon be restored. t The Christians total 127. Average church attendance 50, Baptized: S children of Christians and 2 souls from the heathen. Haripur. Pastor Dhunu and the new elder J ohon, who finished his course at the Divinity school this year, are doing very good work at Haripur. A number are receiving instruction, and will be baptized soon. The Christians there number 129. Average Church attendance: 83. Baptized: 17 children of Christians and 19 from among the heathen. STATISTICS. Total number baptized from all congre gations: Children of Christians 51; from among the heathen 114. Confirmed during the year: 11. M.arried couples 12. Dead: Sunday School classes in Government school with an average attendance of 98. The 10 village schools had an average attendance of 77. Weare thankful to God for the few weeks we were privileged to share in the work during The Lord be praised for eaoh soul that has been

27 .1. SIXTY SIXTS. ANNUAL BEPORT. 2i drawn ant of darkness into His marvellous Light! We pray that all who have been won may remain stead. fast and grow in His Grace, and that many more might see the Light during the coming days. We thank most heartily all of you who ha ve faithfully stood back of the work with your prayers and gifts. May God bless you richly. O. S. Bjerkestrand. SALDOHA LEPER COLONY AND SALDOHA DISTRICT. We have, in the work at Saldoha, had a good year in 1932 without much to be given in a report, but blessed by the Lord. More than 300 lepers had their home in the Colony and been under the daily care of our good staff who has been working happily and faithfully, and about 300 more patients have been treated in the out-door. The medical work has been steadily progressing and the general state of health has been good. Very few cases are now "hopeless" under modern treatment, and a good number have been discharged as cured or "arrested" cases. We feel grateful to our medical staif for fide work done, headed by the whole-hearted service of our. good doctor.

28 22 ;~ THI SAN TAL HISSION O}l' THE NORTHERN OHURCHES. In' the practical work of the Oolony we have oocvanced further towards the aim of having all work done by the lepers. The system of Village-Chiefs and Sub-Chiefs is acting very ~atisfactorily supplemented by the work of the Caretaker and his st~ f. A good portion of the jungle has heen cut and new fields laid out for cultivation. The industria.l work is progressing steadily. and the patients are really "working" now a.t Saldoha. But most of all it has been a happy service to stand at the side of our workers in the spiritual work. We feel that we have now not only single Christians, bat a congregation at Soldoha. It has been a daily encouragement to see the work of our good Pastor and the Elders of the Colony in their daily service to strengthen their leper-brothers and village-christians, and to bring the Christian Message to the many Non-Christians of the Colony and the District around Saldoha. We have had happy days in receiving for baptism 89 heathens of the Colony, and 20 for Confirmation. In the District no heathens have been baptised, but 4 Christians confirmed. Another part to be mentioned is the school-work, which is giving a rather hopeful outlook. What was started mostly to enable our patients to read their Bible', haa now become a real education to enter life olltbide the day they leave the Colony. And in the distriet< aronnd Saldoha six L. P. Schools are progressing regularly and preparing the children for the

29 BIXTY- SIXTH AlINUAL R.POBT~ new U. P. School started this year near to the ehurch compound. But in one respect I have no advance to repo~t. Every corner of the Colony is filled up, always exceeding the number allowed by Government, and newcomers are continually coming for admission. It is still the heavy part of the work to have to SHY that "No", but the cuts in financial support will compel us to bring down the num ber in the year to come. We have to advance further along the road of outdoor treatment. At the outstation at Bar.omasia, a few miles to the west of the Colony, more than 300 patients are now treated. A new clinic has just been opened at Pokhuria" a few miles to the east of the Colony, and it will help us very much to he able to have a number of improved cases trea.ted from there. The Colony will in this way become more and more tile basis of the work on]r, l'eceiving from the outdoor treatment elsewhere the patients without home who ha.ve to be nursed and 100 ked after in every way. Eli Bogh. CONDORPURA DISTRICT. The total number of Christians from the whole :iistrict is 957. The average Church attendance 305. Baptized from Christians 28, and from heathens 43. At the beginning of the year 1933 we have 4 or 5 families for inst,ruqtion preparing for baptism~

30 24 Tmc SAN TAL )(lssion 01' THB NORTJtERN OHU&CSlls. The last year we have had 4 village Schools with an average attendance of 78. In Dangal village one of our Christians, a former student of Damka High School, has started a school and has now been instructing that school for a whole year without any pay. I have been visiting that School and was greatly impressed to find more than 30 beautiful children from heathen homes being instructed in the Truth and led towards J erus Christ, the Hope of India. I really wish we could be able to give him a helping hand. The Roman Catholics, who are working very hard in our district, are ready to offer him financial help, but we do hope that he will not accept it. We have had the great joy of having quite 8 number of the heathen boys from Katikund Govern JDent Scbool here every Sunday morning before the service, and we have been instructing them in singing. Now many of them are coming to the services regularly, Bond we do believe that the Holy Spirit is working within their hearts, and our prayer is that they might be led to the Cross of Christ and experience a full salvation. As far as the evange1istic work is concerned, Ranga is still the weak point, but ns we now have sent a new leader up there who is working earnestly, we believe, by the help of God, the work will prosper. One family has asked to be instructed for baptism. The work in the 9ther plaoes ~s ~oin~ on as ~sual.

31 SIXTY SIXTH AlflfUAL RBPORT. We are looking ba~k upon the past year with' thankfulness in oar hearts to the Lord for His guidanoe We have indeed e~perienced God's help and wonderfulblessing during' this our first year. I wish to express our sincere and heartfelt thanks to all our friends who have assisted us in many ways and been with us in prayer. William Glad' DUMKA - MOnULPAHARI. From the Eastern part of this district, Mr. Bodding reports tha.t several people this last year have expressed their wish to becom6 Christians, but their baptism has as yet been postponed until it is fully ascertaineq what their motives are. And about a few people -in the Du mka region the same could be said. People in this middle part of the old country seem at present to be more accessible than before. That is my impresion. But r\ must admit that I get very little time do anything personally in the villages round Dumb. ndreas pastor is doing good and faithful work arol)nd umka. And Kalll pastor in Mohulpahari is also a ery able and good worker. When his wife died, we ot a very, strong impression of the truly Christian ay in which he bore his sorrow. A few people have been baptized from among he heathens around Dumka. The congregations have 1)

32 26 - THI: SANTAL )fission 0' THB.NORTHKRlf OHUBCHltS. shown a. good spirit in contributing to the work. 3 Elders' are now being pensioned on account of age, bu~.. I. trust they will still do some work. Simon. is in charge of the work in Dum as for~erly, and the work is progressing. Nonda is in oharge" over in the Western part --a hard field. The work in the village schools is going on fairly well. By and by we are getting teachers with real teachers' training from Kaerabani, and people understand the value of im:truction better than they did Borne years ago. TILABANI - KARIKADOR DISTRICT. As usual! These words were used in our last report and they have to be used here once more. Since work, was started in Tilabani it has always been felt as a hard field. And so was Karikador until ~1 r. J. Olstad came there and took up the district work. Since then not much fruit has been seen there either. But perhaps there is a difference between these 2 stations (they are only 4 miles apart). Tilabani is surrounded by cui. tivated land with some large Hindu villages. Karikador 18 in the jungle. We have got now a young man from Benagaria Divinity School for Karikador. Pastor \fusue is in charge of both stations. He is a good and conscientious wor~~rt

33 ,.I,~ t' ~ :-: I I \ sixty SIXTH ANNUAL REPORt'. 27 DHOROMPUR DISTRICT. Last year's work was again, to some ex.tent, hampered by illness. Still there is a certain amount of hope and cheerfulness about the workers - except, perhaps, where the school work is concerned. That is again unsatisfactory. Now and.then a lot of children attend the station school but then again their number will suddenly fall off. Whether this is the fault of the teachers or of the parents is hard to say. The. people in those hilly and jungly regions are ex.tremely old-fashioned in all their ways. Old pastor Dhano died this last year. Pastor Immanuel has in spite of sickness been conducting the work well. We have a young man from the Divinity school as his fellow worker. THE NORTH-WEST FIELD. A few people from among the heathen ha.ve been baptized, and taken as a whole, the work is progressing fairly well. Whether we shall soon get a pastor in the fa.r North ( Majdih1. ) is still undecided, but I have the impression that the dissatisfaction previously reported. has nearly aba.ted. M any people have from time to time "come near" as the Santals call it. I do not really know if we could say that our work in that Northern region s being hampered by the Roman Catholic work which is being carried on right in beimveen Koroya a.nd Ma.jdiha. The workers are working fa.ithfully. In Koroi~ Khudia is in charge as pastor, and in Majdiha, Mansing.

34 .' 28 THR UNTAL MisSION 01.1' -rhlc NORTHBRN OHURCHES. It is a very great help to the Koroya district work that Mrs.: D. Nielsen, besides her daily work in the orphanage and in the school, is also helping in the district work.:' And the same is the case in Maharo, where Miss L.Lohne is now again stationed and -partakes in the district work. And the' influence of the Girls' School there is felt all around in the district as an tineotitagement. Pastor Dhononjoy is In, charge of the Maharo,district, and he and the elders are doing good work. The church in Dumbria has now been dedieated. The 'Christian Santals in Dum bria are very happy. And the heathens seem also to be glad to have a house where they could "hear", as they say. We have good hopes 'for the future there. It was our plan that Gumid should be ordained and stationed there. But we had to alter our plan and transfer Gumid to' Saldoha. Mirja who had Bible School training in Benagaria some yearssgo and Ia.ter was stationed in his own village near Maharo, has now been put in charge of Dombria. Ooncerning Koroya and Majdiha I refer to a more datailed report by Mrs. D. Nielsen. KOROYA. The year has passed without, any great events in dur tittle circle here. The work- has been carried on by the same Pastor, )rhudia Marndi, with his' two helpers CUDa and Hikim; the three work very well together.

35 \ SIXTY: SIXTH ANNUAL REPPBT. 29 People' have been,under instruetion the whole year, but we have baptised only three from the heathens; the ODe was a.n 014 man, who died 5 days after baptism. His whole family, 9 souls, we hope to baptise on the 5th of January. The church attenda.nce has been good, eve.. y Sunday from a few people up to 12 from different villages attend. That has been an encouragement to us. 'l'he same two Bible women, Martha and Kolean remain~ We hold our meetings on behalf of the National Missiona.ry Sooiety monthly, and had one of their Missionaries come for our annual sale in March, Rev. Gnanabaranam from the Lutheran branoh., His visit has been of help in the work. It has been a good year in the school work. The number of the pupils has not Increased; but we ha.ve had proportionally more big boys, and fewer small ones. The teachers are the same as last rea.r except one new addition' The Head-master is Bhondey Soren, who for some time was out of work because of,a bad eye. For some time it looked rather dangerous. But he believes that God Himself did a miracle; rather suddenly it became better, and he was allowed to retain his eye-sight. We thank Go 4' for that. For the first time we had a boy from Upper Primary and a girl from Lower Primary up for Scholarship :ruxamination ; we have not yet heard the results. girl In: the -Orphanage we have now 30 children. One about 10 years old died, two were adopted and

36 I. : -30 THIC SANTAL 'llission oir 1'8.1 NORTHERN CHURCHES. two were married. We have 4, new children, all from the same family. 8 big girls will be going to Maharo to school, and one to the Training Class there, and two boys to Kaera.bani school. We _ had to take Pi tho back from his uncle, as be was being led astray. He is now sta.ying with Cunu. Majdiha. The oongregation at Majdiha has had an unusual year, as they were divided in two groups, one following Harma to be Catholics. But now they have all come back except Harma himself, who is in great difficulty, as even his own wife does not want to follow him. One family from the heathen has been baptized, and others are under instruction. The monthly meetings seem to be of help in the work. 'rhe workers are the same two, Mansing and Dasmath, and a new one, Bero's son Alma. The Bchool teacher is Bariar. He has / had several newcomers this year and ha.s had up to 17 pnpils. Barsa teacher in Silingi has had a trying year in his school-work, as the villagers ha ve been trying hard to work agdoinst him. They fear that the boys might become Christians if they kept on coming to the school. He brought only 5 for the yearly examination, though he has a few small ones who are not able to walk the distance to Majdiha for the examination. Weare very thankful because we feel that on friends at home do not forget UB. D. Niel~n.

37 SIXTY SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT. 81 KAERABANI DISTRICT. During the first half of the present year mission work in this district was carried on with a staff of 33 workers. Very few changes were made from the previous year. Our pastor, Galu Soren was transferred to Tarni at the beginning of the year and Lopsa Soren was ordained in his place. He lives in Domkata and looks after the work in that part of the field. Pastor Palu Hasdak has retired on a pension but is still able to take care of considera hie work in the western part of our field. In June the mission treasury was empty. All the workers received only half of their salary for that month. Something had to he done to cut down expen les. In July nearly all the worker!'!, preachers, teachel's and Bible women were given lea.ve to go to their homes with the understanding that we would call them back should the financial situation change so that we could pay them their salary. We only kept back the leader at each station to oarry on the work as best he could. No' change for the better has oome and now at the close of the year we have only five elders and five teachers in the employ of the Mission. Pastor Lopsa gets his salary from the church collections. This has brought our expen,ses down to a fraction of what they were formerly. Self-support, self-government and self-propa.gation are subjects which we discuss almost daily with our Ohristiane bu t 80 far we do Dot seem to pave Iq~Q

38 32 THlI: SANTAL MISSION 0' THE NOBTBERNOBURCBEB. much of an impression. It is hard to get the Santals to assume any responsibility.. They alwaya fall back on th~ old phr~se: "You are our father and mother" In the shelter of that idea they want to sit. However we hope that some day the idea of se1 support will fil~r through their minds and rouse them to action. As to self...;government some progress has been made. As far as possible each village has its commi. ttee for that purpose aud in severa1 places this organization has worked well. The idea of EZelf~propagation has always been emphasizecj in our. mission, but perhaps especially so this year since the hard times set in. Encouraging progress has been made. Bands of young men and wo~en go out to the villages, especially on Sundays and proclaim the Good News to all they meet. In several places they have had encouraging results. Church attendance has been fairly good. Much haa been :done by the Christians for the deepening of.,~piri;tual life in the church, During the first days or December a Santal Convention was held here at Kaeraballi. It was well attended. Nearly all the speakers were 5antals and the arr4ngements of the meetings was in the hands of Santals and they did their work well. By doing the :worktber learn bow..

39 SIXTY SIXTH ARUAL RBPORT. 83 In spite of dr&wbacks we feel; that we have had a. blessed year. Some progress has heen made. 36 souls from the heathen have been baptized and 34< chilbreu' of Christian parents. M. A. Pederson. MAHARO GIRLS' SCHOOL. We are very thankful to the Lord for the year passed. It has in many aspects been a good year, though it has brought many changes. The health of the ohildren has. with ona or two exceptions, been very good. I do not remember any previous year when we have had so little illness among OUI' girls. In July we had to Bay good-bye to our old faithful Head master, Hahu Jyotish C. Das. His health had not been good for some time and he felt he could not carryon any longer... We do thank him for his long faithful service in our school. In September another of ODr teachers, Jogot Soren left us for his heavenly home. He was a good Christian whose memory will remain with us. In October, Miss K. Wolff left us to marry Mr. E. Bogh of Saldoha. W 9 thank her for all what. she was both for the school and for the congregation during her 2l years' of service here. E

40 84 THE SANTAL MISSION or THE NORTHBRN CHURCHBS. Then we have welcomed back Miss L. Lohue. She is well known in Maharo as she. spent her first term here. We started the yea.r with 2;j! students on the roll and closed it with 209. In the training class we have had 12 students the whole year all of whom sat for their final examination in the middle of this month. The result is not yet out. 10 girls sat for their M. V exam. of whom 6 passed. We have also this year prepared (privately) one of our girls for the M. E. examilultion. She hau passed M. V before and took only English. W. e sent her papers to be examined by Mr. Helland and the Head master of Kaerabani school and they passed her with quite good marks. In October, 19 of our girls were confirreed. It was a joy to prepare those girls for the confirmation. In the same month we had our Mela which brought us a. very good income of Rs. 120/- most of which has gone into the Guide fund, and part of it is given for the work in the congregation. This year we are going to buy a table and a chair for the new Dumbria church. We close the year with thankful hearts to our Hea.venly.Father and to all our friends in the homelands who have helped us to carryon the work. N. Diesen.

41 SIXTY SIX'fH ANNUAL &BPOBT' BENAGARIA DIVINITY SCHOOL. This year we had the pleasure to welcome a new batch of students. Before the s~hool started 28 Santals had applied for admission. Sixteen candidates were asked to appear for the entrance examination and of these thirteen were accepted, eleven from our Mission and two from the Church of Scotland Santal Mission. Later on 3 students were sent from Assam. One of these was a Boro. But after half a year Rev. Kristiansen, who had sent him, found it necessa.ry to call him back to Assam on account of some dispute regarding his marriage. The remaining 15 students completed all the First Year. During the year we have gone through the first 18 chapters of the Gospel according to St. Matthew, the Introduction to the Writings of the New Testament, the Geography of Pa.lestine, the Prophets in the Old Testament,~ the Church History of Persia and Arabia up to the Mohammedan Period, and of the Church History <If India we have gone through the History of the Nestorian Church up to There has been delivered lectures in Homiletics and there has been given instruction in English, Copy-Writing and Song. The work in the school has been a little easier this yea.r, as I have been assisted by Ruben Murmu and Mongol Hembrom.

42 36 'the SANTAL MISSION 011' THB NORTH-ERN CHURCHES. The subject for Ruben Murmu's lectures has been: The Introduction to the Writings of the New Testament, and Mongol Hembrom's subject has been: The Geographyof Palestine. In -the first term of the the year K. R. Ghose has been teaching in the English Class; but on account of the burden of his other duties he had to suspend his work as a teacher in the English Class. It was felt more convenient to have two English Classes inst~d of one, and I gathered the more advanced student in one clabs, and M. Hembrom gathered the other students in another class. That the two teachers may. get further training I have been reading Church History and Greek with them. Rev. Tromborg has given instruction in singing Four times a week Mrs. Thu has gathered the wives of the students for sewing and Bible study. Four of the wives were illiterate, but they have done some progress during the year. The daily devotional ldeetings, the weekly prayermeetings and the monthly sochli meetings have been earried on as previously. The first term the surrounding villages were visited weekiy, -and ill tile second term one afternoon each week :stade.. W4re in8tru~ted how to ~arry on work among young people.

43 The annualexaminatiob was held in NQvember and December. The result of the examina.tion wasvery satisfactory as the students received from 68% to 9U% of total marks. Rev. Rosenlund and Rev. Tromborg acted as c.entlors. As in the previous year the students used their. vacation in' Ma.y a.nd June to do deputation-work for the National Missionary 80ciety. From the congregations in the Scottish Mission and in our Mission "they collected Rs. 82J6J!. In the hot season one of the teachers and one of the students had the sad experience to lose their wives. The teacher's wife passed quietly away after a long and trying iuness. The fltnden~s wife died rather tnid. denly. Both of them we will remember as pions and kindhearted women. Arne Thu. NARAINPUR BENGALI DISTRICT WORK. ~ I did not return from furlough in Denmark till Uhristmas 1932, so only for the last week of the year I was able to move about in the district. Consequently I can say very little of the work. And uufortnnately, owing to frictions among the workers (luring the last few months, my first. impression of the work and eonditions in general is Dot too bright or promising. But then it may be.added that it was really too. early that the full re8poosieili~y of self"'!@"o..

44 38 THE BANTAL )UBSiON OF' THE NOR1'HERN CHURCHES. vernment had to be laid on the newly founded "Lutheran Benga.li Church" without a supervising missionary being present. Dr. Ostergaard has rendered valuable assistance by his presence as one of the seven members of the Church Council. But it is evident, that the Bengalis need more time to grasp properly the rules of Our newly formed "Constitution" So we hope for better things to come. Unfortunately the work has also at present to saffer restrictions owing to 'the financial straights of the mlsslon. Still we hope and pray that God will remove all di fficulties so that in spite of all hindrances His work may proceed also among the Bengalis of our mission field. The statistics have been collected by Revd. S. N. Biswas who acted as President of the Bengali Church Council during H. P. H. Kampp. BENGALI WORK IN DUMKA. The members of the young men's club mentioned in last report have been holding their me'etings regularly, and are getting themselves accustomed to co-operating for a. good purpose. Mr. J. Johansen is their chairman a.nd Daniel Ojha the secretary and housefather. The Bengali.services here in Dumka Mission Church are conducted by Daniel Ojha. And besides this he has been going on with, his work in the surrounding villages. This work among the Non-Santals round

45 SIXTY SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT. 39 Dumka. requires much patience. Daniel has got a good deal of that and of a sort of quiet cheerfulness. He is a faithful worker. DINAJPUR - MALDA - RAJSHAHI. Last year has been a difficult one for the congregations and especially for their pastors. The budget had to be cut down. The congrega.tions hrd to find the 5 percent of the sa.laries to preachers and elders. Contributions towards repairs and other local needs they have been paying for mauy years. Suddenly in June the pastors and elders got on Iy half their monthly pay seut from Dumka - and in Decembtr, the month when people usually buy clothes IlDd have a bit good food at Christmas, we had to Jet them know that we wel'e not able to pay their December salaries. These people are receiving very low salaries, in many cases I think they would be Letter off without having employment in the mission, at least in normal times when people get something for the products of the soil. It is up to their pastors to explain to them that the saheb in Dumka has not gone mad, that he is really unable to send them more money, that this situation is ca.used by diminishing contributions from our homelands, that this does not mean that our friends in those distant lands do not love the Santals anymore, and that they, the Santal Christians, will have to contribute more than hjtherto.. and so on.

46 40 THR SANTAL 1I188ION 07 THB NORTHERN OHURCHES. In Assam and Santal Parganas (the old country, 81 we call it) there is everywhere a missiodary within at most half a day's walk, and he can explain these things without being suspected of some secret motives or something wrong in his acc!,unts. He has the authority! But the Santal pastor is one of their own, which, in itself, is certainly a. huge advantage, but when money is scarce it might also be felt a difficulty, as he, being one of their own, ought to know how to get the sufficient money out of the ssheb. After all I am surprised that there has been so few murmurings 8S there actually have been (in letters to me at any rat~) In counection with the financial situation.. 80me grumblings against pastors have been reported to me. Some people have been dissatisfied with some thing, for instance, if a worker has been dismissed by the pastor for some reason. Pastor J alpa has performed a very valuable work HS peacemaker in such cases. Thrp8 of OU1' pastors over there have had much sickness to combat with, namely, Jalpa, Mongol and Ohampai. Nevertheless they have been carrying on the work. In the extre'me north-west of Dinajpur district a few people from a so-called low Hindu caste have joined the congregation. They seem to be very eager. Their leader, a man who is abl.e to read, asked for some books in Hipdi to, be used for church service. We Bent

47 SIXTY SIXTH ANNUAL RBPOBT~ 41 him w:hat we had, soma Hindi New Tegtaments a.nd a B~nga'li church liturgy. Pastor Mongol, knows so much of their la.nguage that he is able to- do: SOll).8- thing. for these people, but he wants very muoh td have a man- of the same caste who is working in Maldah (Haru) tr~nsferred up there, a.nd if possible we shall do so. The work centering about Narayanpur (pastor Jalpa), Khoribari in Maldah (pastor Simion) and Pipra in Rajsahi (pastor Cham pa.i) has as a. whole been going on as in previous years. Kunjal is the pastor and lea.der in Phoridpur a.nd is relieving Ja.lpa. from much of his work in that pa.rt of Dinajpul'. When my wife and I, on our visit to some of the stations over there, came to Phoridpur we became very astonished to see the church. The bretheren had been repairing it with their own hands and voluntary contributions. It had been a straw thatched building formerly. Now it was partly thatched by. stl'aw aud partly covered by corrugated iron; the queerest style of a.rchitecture we have ever seen. Bllt what a happy feeling to sit there among Ohristian S!lntals who are eager to do something and offer something for the mission. And I do not 88;Y that Phoridpllr is the only place where that is the case. We partook in a meeting of mission workers in Narayanpur. Two workers had to be dismissed:; the' only reason being that they had reached: the: "age limit", In normal times we would have said that th"8),,

48 42 THJC SANTAL lriission OJi THB NORTHBRN OBURCHBS. were needed in the work for some years yet, but these times are not normal. A great difficulty over there is that the staff of workers is rather insufficient for the purpose of instructing peoplt:t for baptism. In spite of all difficulties there is a hopeful outlook for the work. KAERABANI MIDDLE ENGLISH AND ELEMENTARY TRAINING SCROOL. "Where there is no vision, the people perish" It is with an eye to the future of the Santal Christian people that we are trying to carryon the work here at Kaerabani School. During the course of the year we have constantly tried to imprint upon the minds of our teachers and school boys that character is more important than knowledge. J n order to give this emphasis on character an opportunity to function in the lives of the boys, we have increased their responsibility in their self-government. In the daily life of the boys, in their care for the sick, in the development of their garden and agricultural work, in the solving of their own problems of government, we have tried to give the boys an opportunity to put to work the Christian truths which they have learned in their classes. This task has required vigilance, both on the part of the teachers and on onr part. In their immaturity of mind, boys might be apt to make wrong judgments. But we ha.ve been happy to see that at no time has aoy boy been able to get a foilowiog in doing

49 SIXTY SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT. 43 anything wrong. Individual cases of misconduct there have been, of course; but the tendency of mind and opinion among the boys has been for the good, so that any will to do wrong could not gather any headway. We have truly felt that many of the boys have drawn closer to Christ than they were before. And it is these boys to whom we have to look for the work of evangelization in the future. The prime pnrpose of school is to be an evangelizing agency. Therefore we do not permit very many non-christians into the hostels every year. Some schools in this country have become Christian schools for Bindu or Mohammedan children, to snch an extent that they have not been able to have a strong Ohristian influence upon their large non-christ. ian majority. But onr purpose is to admit only a very small minority of non-christians into our school, so that we may develop a large number of strongcharactered Ohristian EVANGELIZERS for the church of Christ here in the Santal country, men who will bring the Gospel of Christ not only to their Christian brothers who may need to be instructed further, but also to the many thousands of people who have not known Christ. A Christian school like ours is primarily an evangelizing agency, The prevalent discussion in certa.in of the homelands as to whether a Ohristian school containing primarily Christian scholars is an evangelizing agenoy is academic snd lacks a basis in reality. Without our Christian schools,. from whenoe would we obtain intelligent Christian workers to carry

50 ! 44 THB SANTAL MISSION or THR NORTHKRN CHURCHES. on the :evangelization of 'the next generation? To let schools,suffer, 'upon the insistence that they are not evangelizing, would be a myopic policy which would lead us nowhere but to disllster. The marvel is that among "people holding an intelligent understanding of missions,this can have become a real question. On account of rnmours which have reached our ears, I have felt it necessary to state the case forcibly in this annual report. The past year 'ha.s been one with a minimum of illness among the boys and teachers. The Lord has permitted us to ca.rry on work with regularity. We started the school year with a full complement of teachers,but after July we have had to get along with one less. Joseph Jha left us to study further under a Government stipend in the Senior Training School, and in order to save money in the difficult financial circumstances, we divided his work among the rest of us. I do not believe that the effect of that move was good, but it was forced by circumstances. We were happy to hear that of the nine young men who completed their Training Examination, all passed. So nine young Ohristian teachers went out to :bring the Light among their people.this last year. Ineluding both classes, there have been 18 young men in the 'l'raining ~chool this last year. Wew~re happy that we were able to help our brothers in Assam too. We are oonvinoed that the

51 SIXTY SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT move to re-establish two years of training was a right one. The two years give the youngman an opportunity to become more mature while still under guidance. The Training School boys worked with and supervised the making ~f a model village school. This year we have taken it into use, and it houses Class I, where the Training boys also do 'their practice teaching. During the COUTse of the year we increased the garden to twice its former size, in order that the boys might raise more vegetables. We still feel the need of increasing the vitamin content of their food. We also built a little house, half within the garden (to house the garden tools) and half on the outside of the garden (a place containing little fireplaces where the boys may curry the vegetables from the garden. ) Music was again one of the major activities at our school. Every year some of the members of the band finish school and leave empty places, but somehow before marly months their places are filled, and the band has its full complement again. The choir has been takiug a greater interest in the old Santal melodies this year, and we hope to increase this interest as time goes on. Towards.the close of the year the boys worke.d hard to get ready for the San tal Oonvention which we held in the ea.rly part of Deoem ber. Permit me to mention a development, w~ich while not exaotly a part of school work, nevertheless :is a.n

52 46: THill SANTAL. MISSION OF THB NOR'l'HERN CHURCHES. outgrowth of it. For a couple of months before the Convention the elders and teachers and their wives met several evenings a. week for choir practice and learned a large number of songs. It was a pleasure to be with them Rnd sing. It brought about Christ. ian fellowship which seemed to be a portent of better things for the future. The result of the Government M. E. exa.mination this year was not up to last year's mark. Eleven boys received their certificates, one receiving 11. scholarship. However, the result throughout the remainder of the school was somewhat over the average. In conclusion permit me to thank the friends at home who during these difficult ti mes are showing their good will and Christian generosity by supporting the work among the Santals. May God bless them and may there be rich fruits from their gifts. Sincerely yours, B. A. Helland. SANTAL COLONY, ASSAM. In the Santal Colony the year 1932 has been a quiet year. The stringent financial conditions have continued; but. the weather has been seasonable and the soil has given fair crops. The ryots have therefore been hard up for cash, but no actual shortage of food has been DQticed.

53 SIXTY SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT. 4/J By an order of the Government of Assam the mauzadari system for collecting the Land Revenue was discontinued for the whole of Goalpara district on the 1st October I93t. The Land Revenue of the Eastern Duara will now be collected by the Sub Deputy Collectors at Gossaegaon and Sidli with a staff of clerks and peons. Whether this change wil~ affect our Colony in any adverse way or not can not be said as yet. Oo~gregatioDa1 Work. The "fou r pastors have continued in their congregations, Lokhon in Grahampnr, Kisun in Rantzaupur Ratia in Haraputa and Khela in Manjadabri. The Boro Christians inside the Colony have this year again chosen an elder and met regularly for Sunday services in the Samaguri church, lind Ratia paslor has ODce a month, administered the sacraments to them. In May - June the pastors exchanged pulpits, and both the pastors and the congregations appeared to appreciate the" chl\nge. Monthly devotional meetings on week-days in villages has been tried in the Grahampur congrega.tion, so far without any special success. In February a four days convention was held at Hara.puta where people gathered from the Colony as well as from Bahre Hasa and even from the C. M. S. colony in Jalpaiguri. It met with greater outward success tqan aqtioipated l add mar we not also ho~e

54 48 TH! BANTAL llib8ion OP THE NORTHERN OHURCHBS. that it was fruitful for' the' hidden life p A number of:ltoro, Christiat18' werel" alsb present, and the Rev. Jhjsttiansen had som~' separate meetings for them. 10,,",j-::i.~... <JIJ.j...., Ji i,:"....,.p-,tpe proble~ ~f s~lf-support has been very real t~i~~ y~.ar. Twice ~ r;pav~ refused to pay a pastor his salary,because the response in church collections in his congregation was too low. It is therefore with joy tha.t I ca.n write at the close of the year that the congregations have been able to manage their own affa.irs in spite of the hard times. A few devoted wo~en met at Gra.hampur for sewing, and the things they made were sold and contributed to the church funds, and the Haraputa. congregation recieved more than Rs. 200/- of its income from the Fridays' offerings of the women. Both Rantzaupur and Manjadabri have more than, doubled the collections of last year. Our self supporting codgregations have not so far been able to take up evangelistic work among the RajboDshis in the country to the south-west from the Colony, and none can stay as a missionary at Grahampur without feeling this as something that ought to be done. A few Santals are also to be found in the direction of. Basbal"i Ry. station, and 80 fa.r we have not been able to do' anything {or them. Lokhon pastor has however twice visited a smail congregation of emigrants from the Colony, now working in Choibari Tea. Estate. Village Schools. During the yeat 19 village schools have' been in operation, and looking through their' daily registers one

55 SIXTY SIXTH ANNUAL RBPORT. gets an overwhelming impression of one of the greatest weaknesses of the Santals - their irregularity. Gupinath Kisku of Bor!:!onpur has been working as Inspector of the village schools; but I am afraid it has to be admitted that no special advance can be noted. Gr&hampur M. E. School. The same staff has continued in the middle school, and the average attendance of pupils has been a little higher than last year. The accomodation is very limited, and the class rooms not fit for a middle school j but in spite of thllt the health has been good on the whole, and the boys ha ve had a good year of work. The school is regularly inspected by the District Inspector of Schools, and I believe it is gradually gaining in efficiency. The boys who went to Dhubri for examination last yel:t.r all failed. This year we have therefore held a test examination and sent up only three. The Government has continued the grant-in-aid of Rs. 50/- a~ month, for which we wish to express our sincere gratitude. The school building however is primitive beyond description, and the life of the school is at stake if no better building can be provided in a few years' time. The Loan Fund. The hard times have been felt in the administration of the LOH.n Fund also, and in all 19 ryots have given over their pauas and their land to the L. F. and become G

56 50 TH.III SAN TAL IIIS8ION OP TilE BOI.THOX CHURCHES. hhatfdars.. The L. F. haa then cleared their Lalld Rev,," nue and thus- saved their holdings. After h~ving written off more than Rs. 6000/- as loss:, the L. F. capital stands at Ra. 40,466/9/- and the deposits at Rs. 29,07919/11. At the close of the year this ca.pital is placed thus: Cash in band Ra. On Savings Bank account I' Invested with Mission ill Churches and School Houses of Colony " Invested in Land Holdings and the Baraputa japai,t Loftns td ryots The Dispensary. 55/15/5 1,505/14/0 13,464/ 8/6 13,018/14/6 41,500/14/6 " Total Rs. 69,546/ 2/11 Dr. Miss Dagmar Pedersen RrI'ived here in the middle of November, Hood our Asssam work has at 1Nt got a medical UlU;siouary. May she get R long service! But it is with the greatest regret we have to NpOrt that on account of the stringent financial condition of the mission we have not been able to put up even the sma.ll new dispensary building as intended and as highly needed. Dr. Barhoi has worked throughout the year and is gt'adaally getting the confidence of the villagers. In a11286 cases of birth has been recorded in the eoiony and 207 cases of death.

57 The Outlook. At the Census of 1931 the Santali speaking popu~ lation of Goalpara had risen to 42,598. Twerity years earlier it stood at 8,687, and this increase shows clearly that the Ea.stern Duars of Goalpara has become a new 8antal country, and that the starting of this Oolony fifty years ago was destined to be of permaneot blessing to the Santals. At the 1931 Census 11,402 persons re.; turned themselves as Christians in the three thanas of Gossaegaon, Kokrajhar and Bijni. Of these abont ~j5oq were Boros by race, while practically all others were Santals. The Colony is no longer an isolated community, but has to be seen in relation to the work as a Whole! in this area, and the outlook is full of promises. J. Gauadal. HARAPUTA DISTRICT WOMEN'S WORK. By th~ grace of God, as formerly, weekly meetings have been beld for the women in tbe various villages. Throughout the year montbly meetings with the Biblewomen have been held here in Haraputa. As those weekly meetings for village women are in the hands of the Biblewomen it is of supreme importance that these are good women, and jf possible, good leaders. 4-t our monthly meetings for Biblewomen we have studied the Gospel according to Mark. May the; day soon dawn when we need not accept illiterate women for Biblewomen.

58 52 THR SANTAL IUSSION 011' THE NORTHERN OHURCHES. For medical aid I think no more Santals have sought us, hilt the num ber of Mohamedans is greatly increased. They bring their patients from beyond the Ha'i-aputa and Sankos rivers, but much more is meted out in medicines to he taken to the ailing ones. The school for women on our veranda has not been so well attended this year as last. In this and in the medical work, however, I have been well aided by Chita Marndi who has now been with us for two years. Among the young people studying in thl3 confirm ation classes 50 girls and boys were confirmed. In May, 11 grown-up girls and women, boys and men were baptised. The impressive Baptismal service took place on May 22nd and was a real joy to us all and an encouragement to "cast out the nets." When I leave the work to go home I can sinoerely say: it is with praise and thanksgiving to "our Lord God of Hosts." May His blessings continually be shed abroad in the work presenting such numerous opportunities for spreading the Gospel of Love. Dagmar Miller. MORNAI TEA GARDEN. The congregational work has as usual been in charge of our Pastor, Pithor Hembrom. He himself has this year been in poor health and at the end, of September

59 S11TY SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT. his wife died. He has certainly gode through a difficult time and it seems he has this year been rather tandioa.pped in his work. Church attendance has however been quite good and the speoial womens' meetings, as well as the Sunday school, have also been well attended. It has heen possible to oommenoe 8unday Church services in the Mundari language, some of the Munda workers having been brought baok to the congregation, especially due to the efforts of Kristochit Sadhu, a Munda Ohristian, who has whole-heartedly served the Lord here and in the neighbourhood sinoe July last. His self-saorificing life and his eagerness and joy in the work has been a great inspiration to the Christians here. On the 14th of May 17 boys and girls were confirmed, and another oonfirmation class is at present receiving instruction. Both the day school and the evening school are doing weu, and as the number of children have inol'eased another teacher had to be engaged. The tea industry is still in a severe crisis and we have felt it this year also. Prices have been low and there are so far no signs of a reoovery of the market. Quite a number of people have been working in the Garden, the permanent Coolies' number being about 600. During the present diffioult times there are so many poor people that it is considered a great privilege to ohtain work here. We are glad that we have been

60 t)t THE SANTAL :lflssion or THE NORTBJ!:R!t CHUROHES. able to help some people materially by giving them something todo by which they can earn a living, and we believe that the message of Him who Himself said: "Come unto me all ye that la.bour and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest," has reached some hearts and has drawn men to Him who is able to give the spiritual blessing and salvation which alone can satisfy the human heart. O. Hie. HARAPUTA GIRLS' SCHOOL. From the beginning of the year until the summer holidays the school wa s carrying on nnder tbe leadership of Miss Magnhild Buttedahl, When I arrived September 1st. I came to find everything in the best of order: The approximately one hundred children being taught by five teachers: The.,bednle and general arrangement of ~)asses prel'iously well planned lay ready before me and tny prollem lay merely in accustoming myself to it all. Thtonghoutthis term we have had an undisturbed period for school work. Aside from some attacks of Dysentery and Malaria among teachers and pupils we ha're had Ito!eri0tl.8 illness. The teachers have taken turds assisting me in the SundaJ school work. The number of pupils attending &YeNging 45.

61 IIrrY SIXTH... NUAL UPORT. It bu been a pleasure for me to work in Stmtt..y school as well as in the school and I am truly happy in having been caned into a field of woyk presenting 80 great possibilities 8S the Haraputa Girl-s' school. At the close of the year Ftatistics are as follows: Class V 3 pupils ;, IV 4 III 5 " I b. 23,t " " I a. 34,J Infant " Class 22 Monthly average on roll 100 pupils Daily "on attendance 81.5 " " Sofie N esset. JOEMA. During the past yea.r we had hoped that Rev. and Mrs. Winding would come back from their leave and again \ take over the work of Joema District. As our friends know this hope was not fulfilled, because Windings found they had to stay at Home. We all understand their decision but I cannot write this report without stating the fact tllat they will be greatly missed in the work amongst the Santals of the big mission district where they have been the pioneer misssionaries for quite anum ber of years. The Mission was DOt in a position to send a mad in Winding's piaee1 hut I had be oaft1 on the super-

62 56 THB: BANTAL MISSION 0)1 THB NORTHERN OHURCHBS. vision of the work in connection with my other duties. I am glad if I can be of some service to the work, but it is. of course only a temporary arrangement and the Obris.tian Santals as wen as we ourselves are looking forward to the day when the mission will be able to place a missionary ab Joema who can give the whole of his time in the work of this big district. The more I get acquainted with the work the more I understand how great possibilities there are for a successfu) mission work, also in the future. The doors are open and though there are many difficulties to overcome there is on the whole a grea.t willingness to hear the Gospel. Like last y(>ar it is especia.lly round Atiabari village that the work has been growing and quite a number of heathens have beeu baptised there. The two Pastors, l\linghu and Ragda, have been doing good work and so have most of the 19 Evangelists and 4 Biblewomen who are responsible for the preaching of the gospel. Their work is not without difficulties a.nd many of them are living in isolated places where they can get little help and encouragement except from a visit now and then from the leaders of the work. The Roman Catholics have started work in the district from Dhubri where two Italian.Missionaries are now stationed. They may of course bring some confusion in some places though I do not think they wj)~ be able to persuade many of our Santal Christians.

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