World Religions. By Judy Chau and Reinier Sese

Transcription

1 World Religions By Judy Chau and Reinier Sese

2 Hinduism Date of Origin 3102 BC Country of Origin India How It Began Hinduism was created so long ago, there was no records of the original founder. It was said that the Four Vedas was revealed to spiritual men, also known as the rishis, through nature. Basic Beliefs/Practices/Rules of Religion -The 3 in 1 God Brahman. Brahman (creator), Vishu (Preserver), Shiva (The Destroyer) - Caste System - Karma - Reincarnation - Nirvana - Polytheistic and pantheistic - 4 stages over their course of life -Brahmacharga -Grastha -Vanaprastha - Sanngasu - Namaste greeting - Puja (every morning ritual) - The Sadhu (Devotion to a god/meditation) - Reaching Moshka (Peaceful escape from the cycle of reincarnation) Significant Figures - Abhinavagupta - Kabir - Kalidasa - Guru Nanak Important Events - Vedic Period - Bhakti Movement - Reception in the West - Early colonialism Holy Books/Relics/Symbols - Vedas - Om (Hindu sacred sound) - Swastika good fortune, luck, and well-being. Number of Followers million followers started in India spread to SE Asia then all over the world.

3 Buddhism Date of Origin BCE Country of Origin India How It Began - Offspring of Hinduism - Siddhartha Guatama -Life on meditation Basic Beliefs/Practices/Rules of Religion - Happiness and good attainable by all - Negative mental states can be overcome by meditation -Reincarnation -3 Main Trainings - Sila- equality, good conduct - Samadhi- Concentration, meditation, and mental development - Prajna- Discernment, insight, wisdom Significant Figures - Ananda - Aung San Suu Kyi - Bodhidharma - Miaoxin Number of Followers -About 500 million followers - Southwards from North India to South East countries Important Events - 6 councils Holy Books/Symbols/Relics - Tipitaka - Lion regality, strength, power - Stupas

4 Confucianism Date of Origin BCE Country of Origin China How It Began A Chinese philosopher named K'ung Fu-tzu or Confucius believed that a society could become perfect, if the people who lived in it exhibited "beautiful conduct." Confucius was born in 551 B.C.E. He devoted his life to teaching people how to behave. Significant Figures - Master Kong (Confucias) - Zengzi - Xun Xi - Zhu Xi - Mencius Important Events - First emperor killed Confucian philosophers - Han dynasty - Analects 55 BCE Practices/Rules of the Religion/ Basic Beliefs - Great God - Angels - Spirits of Ancestors - Doesn t believe in hell/paradise/resurrection - Moral values -T aishen (protects pregnant woman) Holy Books/ Symbols/ Relics - Four Classics - Analects - The Great Learning - Doctrine of the Mean - Mencius - Water Sign Number of Followers Six million

5 Christianity Date of origin 33 AD Country of origin Palestine How it began - Jesus was born of the Virgin Mary. - Lived as a messenger of God. - He was crucified, killed, and buried under the order of Pontius Pilate. - He was resurrected after the 3 rd day Important Events years ago December 25: Jesus Christ was born AD: Jesus was crucified, killed, and buried. 3 days after burial, he was resurrected. Holy Books/Symbols/Relics - Cross: represents the crucifixion of Christ and how he died for the sins of the world. - The Holy Bible: Christianity s holy book and the core of the religion. Significant Figures - Jesus: Son of God and savior. - Pope: Leader of the Catholic Church Basic Beliefs/Practices/Rules - Different sects have different practices and rules. - Belief in the Holy Trinity: 1. The Father 2. The Son 3. The Holy Spirit - Christianity s place of worship is called a church - Church is attended every Sunday. - The 10 commandments - Acceptance of Jesus as your Lord and savior. Number of Followers 2.1 billion worldwide

6 Judaism Date of origin 2000 BCE Country of origin Palestine How It Began - God granted Abraham and his wife a son, Isaac - Abraham was asked to kill his son to test his faith. - Abraham agreed, but the last minute, God spared Isaac. - Abraham passed his test of loyalty. Basic Beliefs/Practices/Rules - Rules include the 10 commandments - Monotheistic - Place of worship is called Synagogue Important Events BCE: Abraham s son, Isaac is born : Genocide of Jews in Europe. Holy Books/Symbols/Relics - Torah: Holy book - Menorah: Symbol for the Jewish holiday, Hanakkuh. - Star of David: Insignia of the religion Significant Figures - Abraham: Founder/Patriarch of Judaism - Moses: Led the Jews out of Egypt and received the 10 commandments atop of Mt. Sinai. Number of Followers 14 million followers

7 Islam Date of origin 610 AD Country of Origin Saudi Arabia How It Began - Muhammad experienced an angelic visitation from Gabriel. - Muhammad dictated the Qur an Important Events AD: First introduced by prophet Muhammad AD: Muhammad migrated to Makkah. Holy Books/Symbols/Relics - The Qur an: Holy book and center of Islam. Significant Leaders/ Figures - Muhammad: prophet that introduced Islam. - Allah: supreme Lord - Jesus: was born of the Virgin Mary, but not believed to be the Messiah. Number of Followers 1.8 billion followers - Star & Crescent: The insignia of the Ottoman Empire and Islam adopted it.

8 Current Events Hinduism Comments on Obama s Wall: Part 1- India US Roadmap for Strategic Partners 1) Name the two countries that formed a partnership. America and India 2) Predict can get peace and security because of the partnership? Asia 3) Analyze what Obama did. Created a foundation of a strategic partnership for the interest of both countries. 4) Recall what country became a new global power. India 5) Draw conclusions whether or not this was a good choice. Yes, it is, because it benefits America and India.

9 Current Events Buddhism Buddhism Struggles for Relevance 1) Why are temples becoming bankrupt? The only time people usually go is to attend funerals. 2) What do the monks wish for? They wish for temples to become a part of everyday life again. 3) Analyze and explain how temples try to attract more people. They hold seminars; conduct Western-style weddings, concerts, etc. 4) Did the priests ever have this money problem before? No. There used to be many people attending the temple. 5) What do priests do to get more money? They start getting second jobs.

10 Current Events Confucianism Confucianism for modern persons in dialogue with Christianity and modernity. 1) Recall what China did in China completely dismissed the original Confucianism and created a more modern Confucianism. 2) Analyze how many generations of Confucianism there was. There was three generations. 3) Create reasons as to why Confucianism is changing. Because it was so long ago, they had to make it more modern to fit today s lifestyle. 4) Identify what the article said Confucianism generations represent. They signify a significant evolution of thoughts and goals. 5) Identify the periods Confucianism went through. Confucianism went through the classical period, Han Dynasty, middle period, Song until the end of Qing dynasty, and twentieth century.

11 Current Events Christianity Oh Father Where Art Thou? 1) Analyze Europe s situation on Christian faith. Europe s Christians are losing devotion to the religion and the number of followers are dwindling. 2) Predict what will happen to the amount of believers in the future. I believe if the decline of Christians continues, Christianity may well be equivalent to Islam. 3) Compare the number of Muslims to Christians in Europe. Muslims in Europe number more than 37 million. Christians, however, still includes 550 followers and dropping. 4) Name the largest sect of Christianity in Europe. Roman Catholic. 5) Recall the decreasing percentage of C hurch attendees in Britain. 30%.

12 Current Events Judaism In Sliver of Indonesia, Public Embrace of Judaism 1) Identify the dominant religion in this part of Indonesia. Christianity 2) Tell what the town erected to display its Jewish faith. A 62 feet tall menorah. 3) Quote Leo van Buegan s feelings on Judaism. We told our children never to talk about our Jewish origins, said Leo van Beugan, so our grandchildren do not even know. 4) Make observations on the religious beliefs in the rest of the country. Indonesia has the highest population of Muslims in the world and that area is mostly Christian. 5) Connect Judaism in Indonesia to Christianity in Indonesia They both are very much dominated by Islam, but a decent number of Indonesians follow Christianity.

13 Current Events Islam Voices of Islam 1) Quote Mustafa s feelings on the War in Iraq. He declared, America's principal interests are oil and Israel. 2) What does today s society perceive Muslims as due to the current circumstances? People target all Muslims as terrorists and as their enemies. 3) How does Karim feel about Indonesia s political status? Indonesia can burst apart very easily. The government is not strong. 4) According to Mustafa, what do Muslims believe about sacrificing their own lives? They believe that entrance into heaven is granted with self sacrifice. 5) What is Turkey s dominant religion? Islam is Turkey s dominant religion..

14 Resources Hinduism S y m m on s, D. ( ). Th is is h in d u i s m. Hindu ism. (2010, N ovember 29 ). Retrieved from religionfa cts.co m Hindu ism. (2010, September 20). Retrieved from contenderministries.or g Hindu ism. (2009, September 2). Retrieved from india nexcursion.ne t Buddhism Coope r, A. (200 4). Fa cts a bout bud d hism. Hodd er W a yl and. All a bo ut bud d hism. (200 9, No ve mbe r 1 1). Ret ri e ve d fro m c at alo gs.co m Bud d hism. (20 10, Oct ob er 25). Retri e ve d fr o m Budd his m. about.co m Bud d hism. (20 10, M a y 12 ). R etri e ve d fr o m vi e wo nbud dhis m.o r g Bud d hism. (20 10, Au gu st 4 ). R etri e ve d f ro m bu ddh an et.n e t Confucianism P en g, T. ( ). Wh a t is c o n fu c ia n ism?. Confuc ianism. (2006, Ma y 10). Retrieved from sa cred -texts.com Confuc ianism. (2010, Ja nuary 5). Retrieved from philosophy.la nder.ed u Confuc ianism. (2010, April 15). Retrieved from www2.k enyon.ed u Confuc ianism. (2010, Ma rch 27). Retrieved from ishwar.com/confu cia nis m Confuc ianism. (2009, D ecember 13 ). Retrieved from victoria pa cking.com/religioninf o Christianity Marion, J. (2002). Putting on the mind of christ. Newburyport, MA: Hampton Roads Publishing Company Covington, M. (n.d.). What christianity is all about. Retrieved from Judaism Ri c h, T. ( ). Wha t I s J u da i s m? J u d a ism R etr i ev e d N o v e m b er 3 0, , fr o m ht t p:/ / e w fa q. or g /ju da i s m. ht m Islam Kurzman, C. (1998). Liberal islam: a source book. New York City, NY: Oxford University Press, inc. Christian Information Industries, Initials. (n.d.). The religion of islam. Retrieved from