Gozo College Boys Secondary Victoria - Gozo, Malta Ninu Cremona

Transcription

1 Gozo College Boys Secondary Victoria - Gozo, Malta Ninu Cremona Half Yearly Examination Form 3 HISTORY OPTION (TRACK 3) Time: 1½ Hours Name: Class: SECTION A: MALTESE HISTORY 1. Read carefully the following source and then answer all questions. The island has no other fortress except a small castle which was in ruins due to its antiquity, and which lay opposite the entrance of the Grand Harbour. Although the Castle was quite high it was nevertheless easy to mine and take, especially from the side of the nearly Borgo. The island has two big harbours which can take two full-equipped fleets. The one where the Castle lies is, however, larger than the other. Although both harbours were exposed to the gregale, they had excellent bottom and contained many large inlets which made them secure berthing-places. A peninsula of the same type of rock as the rest of the island separates these two harbours; the tongue of land could, with great expense and over a long period of time, prove most suitable for the building of a strong fort to protect both entrances. The following is part of the report made by a Commission set up by the Knights of St John; the Commission was sent to the Maltese Islands in Name the Castle referred to in the extract. 2. Why did the Order s Commission come to Malta in 1524? 3. The Commission refers to a tongue of land. What is its modern name? 4. At the end of the extract, there is reference to the building of a strong fort to protect both entrances. What was the name of this fort? 1

2 5. Was the report of the Commission positive or negative regarding the state of the Maltese Islands at that time? Give two reasons for your answer. (1,2) 6. Is the above source Primary or Secondary? 7. List two conditions made by Charles V when he granted Malta to the Knights? 2. Read the following passage and then answer the questions On the morning of Saturday 19 May, the Ottoman armada weighed anchor and set out back to Marsaxlokk. It entered that harbour and effected various landings leading to a number of skirmishes in which a number of Knights and soldiers lost their lives. La Valette thought it best to recall his men inside the fortified enclaves, while the Ottoman army set camp in the flat lying area of Marsa. In effect the Siege had begun. C. Cassar, A Concise History of Malta p Which siege is being referred to in the above passage? 2. In which year did it take place? 3. How long did it last? 4. Who was La Valette? 5. Who was the Admiral of the Turkish fleet? 6. Mention two causes that led to this siege. 7. Why did the Order win? Give two reasons for your answer. 2

3 8. Is the above passage a primary or secondary source? 3 Read the following extracts and then answer the questions below. Source A: At the dawn of the 18 th century, the Order introduced much later than other navies including the Barbary adversaries the ship of the-line or the vascello, of larger dimensions than the galley, and able to carry a larger number (fifty and over) of heavy cannon on its sides. For the galleys the annual period of activity was generally limited to the good season from April to November; the sailing ships could sail throughout the year. Source B: At the dawn of the 18 th century the Order s navy underwent a structural change for the better. On the recommendations made on 17 January 1701 by a special seven-men commission, appointed the year before by Grandmaster Ramon Perellos, the new vessel squadron was instituted. It was approved by the Papal brief. which authorized its financing through new imposts on the Order s European estates. Sources from S. Bono, Naval Exploits and Privateering in Hospitaller Malta, editor V.Mallia-Milanes, Malta, Why do you think the galley s good season was limited from April to November? 2. Why could the vascelli sail throughout the year? 3. Why did the introduction of the new vessel squadron need the approval of the Pope? 4. From source A mention two differences between the galley and the vessel. 5. Explain what is meant by imposts on the Order s European estates? 6. Who was Grandmaster when the new vessels were constructed? 3

4 7. Which of these statements are True or False.(2) (a) The chief adversaries of the Knights in the 18 th century were the Barbary States. (b) The new vessels made the upkeep of the Order s navy more expensive than before. (Total: 10 Marks) 4. Write at length about ONE of the following 1. Corsairing was an important industry for the Maltese Islands as they lacked natural resources. a) Say what is meant by corsairing? b) Give reasons why it became an important industry. c) Show how it was regulated. d) Explain why it declined during the 18 th century. 2. The Knights changed Mount Sciberras from a barren wasteland into a magnificent baroque city. Explain how the Knights achieved this. 3. Between 1749 and 1775 the Order of St John had to face two major local crises. What were these crises, what happened and what was the Order s reaction to them? (Total: 20 Marks) SECTION B: EUROPEAN HISTORY 5. Read carefully the following source and then answer all the questions. The world sailed round, the largest of Earth s continents discovered, the compass invented, the printingprogress sowing knowledge, gunpowder revolutionizing the art of war, ancient manuscripts rescued and the restoration of scholarship, all witness to the triumph of our New Age. Jean Fernel ( ) physician, mathematician and astronomer at the Court of Henry II of France. 1. Why is this source a primary source? (1) 2. The period of history that is being referred to in the source is the Renaissance. Quote the words from the source by which this new period in European history is referred to. (1) 3. What was the Renaissance? (1) 4. In the source there is reference to an important invention of the Renaissance which helped to spread knowledge. (a) Name this invention. (1) (b) Who was the inventor (1) (c) Why was this invention so important? Give two reasons. (2) 4

5 5. Why did the Renaissance start in Italy in the 14 th century? Give three reasons. (3) 6. Read carefully the source and then answer all the questions below. In that same month of January, your highness comanded me to go with an adequate fleet to those parts of India and instruct those peoples in the holy.in return you granted me great favours, giving me the title of High Admiral of the Ocean and making me viceroy and perpetual governor of such islands and mainland as I should discover and conquer. Christopher Columbus kept a detailed logbook for every day of the voyage. The logbook no longer exists, but a copy was made by a man called Las Casas. 1. When was this extract written, before or after the voyage to America? 2. List a reason from the source why Columbus made the voyage. 3. Mention two problems that Columbus encountered during such a voyage. 4. How did the term West Indies come about? 5. Identify one good and one bad result of the age of discovery and exploration on European history (a) good result: (1) 5

6 (b) bad result: (1) 6. Mention two other explorers besides Columbus of new lands during the Renaissance. 7. Read carefully the source and then answer all the questions below. I do not accept the authority of the popes.my conscience is captive to the scriptures. I cannot and will not recant anything. Here I stand, I cannot do otherwise. God help me. Amen. Martin Luther s reply to the pope s agents if he would change his opinion when he was summoned to a meeting with Charles V in the city of Worms in April Who was Martin Luther? 2. What did Luther do to protest against the Pope s method of raising money? 3. How did critics of the Church usually end up in the Middle Ages? 4. Give one reason why Luther s revolt against the Catholic Church was successful. 5. Why was Zwingli not as successful as Luther and Calvin as a reformer? 6. Why did the Catholic Church start the Counter-Reformation? 7. Who set up the religious order of Jesuits? 8. What service did this new religious order of Jesuits give to the Catholic Church? 9. Why did the Pope set up the Roman Inquisition in 1542? 6

7 8. Write at length about ONE of the following 1. The late 15 th century and the 16 th century were the Age of Great Discoveries. Discuss. 2. Write about TWO of the following (a) Renaissance Art. (b) John Calvin (c) Council of Trent (d) Slavery. 3. Enlightenment: (a) What was the Enlightenment? (b) What caused this movement? (c) Name two philosophers of the Enlightenment and two enlightened despots, (d) Choose any one of the Enlightened philosophers and explain his ideas. (e) What were the main results of this movement? (Total: 20 marks) 7