MARKET COMPLICITY AND CHRISTIAN ETHICS
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1 MARKET COMPLICITY AND CHRISTIAN ETHICS The marketplace is a remarkable social institution that has greatly extended our reach, so shoppers in the West can now buy fresh-cut flowers, vegetables, and tropical fruits grown halfway across the globe, even in the depths of winter. However, these expanded choices have also come with considerable moral responsibilities as our economic decisions can have far-reaching effects by either ennobling or debasing human lives. examines our own moral responsibilities for the distant harms of our market transactions from a Christian viewpoint, identifying how the market s division of labor makes us unwitting collaborators in others wrongdoing and in collective ills. His important account covers a range of different subjects, including law, economics, philosophy, and theology, in order to identify the injurious ripple effects of our market activities. ALBINO BARRERA is Professor of Economics and Theology at Providence College in Rhode Island. His previous publications include Globalization and Economic Ethics (2007), Economic Compulsion and Christian Ethics (Cambridge, 2005), God and the Evil of Scarcity (2005), and Modern Catholic Social Documents and Political Economy (2001). in this web service
2 NEW STUDIES IN CHRISTIAN ETHICS General Editor robin gill Editorial Board stephen r. l. clark, stanley hauerwas, robin w. lovin Christian ethics has increasingly assumed a central place within academic theology. At the same time the growing power and ambiguity of modern science and the rising dissatisfaction within the social sciences about claims to value-neutrality have prompted renewed interest in ethics within the secular academic world. There is, therefore, a need for studies in Christian ethics which, as well as being concerned with the relevance of Christian ethics to the present-day secular debate, are well informed about parallel discussions in recent philosophy, science or social science. New Studies in Christian Ethics aims to provide books that do this at the highest intellectual level and demonstrate that Christian ethics can make a distinctive contribution to this debate either in moral substance or in terms of underlying moral justifications. TITLES PUBLISHED IN THE SERIES: 1. Rights and Christian Ethics KIERAN CRONIN 2. Biblical Interpretation and Christian Ethics IAN MC DONALD 3. Power and Christian Ethics JAMES MACKEY 4. Plurality and Christian Ethics IAN S. MARKHAM 5. Moral Action and Christian Ethics JEAN PORTER 6. Responsibility and Christian Ethics WILLIAM SCHWEIKER 7. Justice and Christian Ethics E. CLINTON GARDNER 8. Feminism and Christian Ethics SUSAN PARSONS 9. Sex, Gender and Christian Ethics LISA SOWLE CAHILL 10. The Environment and Christian Ethics MICHAEL NORTHCOTT 11. Concepts of Person and Christian Ethics STANLEY RUDMAN 12. Priorities and Christian Ethics GARTH HALLETT 13. Community, Liberalism and Christian Ethics DAVID FERGUSSON 14. The Market Economy and Christian Ethics PETER SEDGWICK in this web service
3 15. Churchgoing and Christian Ethics ROBIN GILL 16. Inequality and Christian Ethics DOUGLAS HICKS 17. Biology and Christian Ethics STEPHEN CLARK 18. Altruism and Christian Ethics COLIN GRANT 19. The Public Forum and Christian Ethics ROBERT GASCOIGNE 20. Evil and Christian Ethics GORDON GRAHAM 21. Living Together and Christian Ethics ADRIAN THATCHER 22. The Common Good and Christian Ethics DAVID HOLLENBACH 23. Self Love and Christian Ethics DARLENE FOZARD WEAVER 24. Economic Compulsion and Christian Ethics ALBINO BARRERA 25. Genetics and Christian Ethics CELIA DEANE-DRUMMOND 26. Health Care and Christian Ethics ROBIN GILL 27. Alcohol, Addiction and Christian Ethics CHRISTOPHER C. H. COOK 28. Human Evolution and Christian Ethics STEPHEN J. POPE 29. Market Complicity and Christian Ethics ALBINO BARRERA in this web service
4 MARKET COMPLICITY AND CHRISTIAN ETHICS ALBINO BARRERA in this web service
5 cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo, Mexico City The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 8ru, UK Published in the United States of America by, New York Information on this title: / This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of. First published 2011 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Barrera, Albino. Market complicity and Christian ethics /. p. cm. (New studies in Christian ethics) isbn (hardback) 1. Christian ethics. I. Title. bj1251.b dc isbn Hardback has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. in this web service
6 For the street kids of Maláte and the children of Ortol so joyful and eager to learn more about God. in this web service
7 Contents General editor s preface Acknowledgments page xi xii Introduction 1 part i theory: material cooperation in economic life 9 1 The nature of material cooperation and moral complicity 11 2 Complicity in what? The problem of accumulative harms 30 3 Too small and morally insignificant? The problem of overdetermination 48 4 Who is morally responsible in the chain of causation? The problem of interdependence 70 part ii application: a typology of market-mediated complicity 97 5 Hard complicity I: Benefitting from and enabling wrongdoing Hard complicity II: Precipitating gratuitous accumulative harms Soft complicity I: Leaving severe pecuniary externalities unattended Soft complicity II: Reinforcing injurious socioeconomic structures 206 ix in this web service
8 x Contents part iii synthesis and conclusions Toward a theology of economic responsibility Synthesis: Christian ethics and blameworthy material cooperation 266 References 286 Index 300 in this web service
9 General editor s preface After the near-collapse of the global financial system in 2008 this new addition to New Studies in Christian Ethics is very timely indeed and is written with great wisdom and clarity. s previous contribution, Economic Compulsion and Christian Ethics (Cambridge, 2005), attracted some very fine reviews. His rigorous training in both economics and theology really has given him an extraordinarily authoritative voice (that and an ability to write clear prose), matching so exactly the aims of the series: namely, to promote studies in Christian ethics which engage centrally with the present secular moral debate at the highest possible intellectual level and, second, to encourage contributors to demonstrate that Christian ethics can make a distinctive contribution to this debate. Economic Compulsion and Christian Ethics was a top-down book, looking at the way in which markets can create economic hardships for some individuals and communities (so-called pecuniary externalities), whereas Market Complicity and Christian Ethics is more a bottom-up book, examining the various ways in which we are all complicit in the harmful effects of our market choices (including, but certainly not exhausted by, pecuniary externalities). Together the two books offer an unparalleled account of current market economics from a perspective within Christian ethics to which all those engaging in this area responsibly in the future will need to respond. s new book is particularly helpful for those concerned with untangling what the complex and multilayered moral concepts of complicity, accountability, and responsibility entail in relation to modern market economies. Theologians and ethicists looking for easy answers will not find them here. Instead what they will soon discover is one of the most thoughtful and gifted Christian ethicists currently writing about these crucial economic issues. It is a privilege and delight to be able to welcome this unique and important new contribution to the series. xi robin gill in this web service
10 Acknowledgments I owe a debt of gratitude to many who helped me in the course of this project. Ernest Bartell provided insights and encouragement on the key chapters. The two anonymous readers and Robin Gill, series editor, were extremely generous with their time in carefully pointing out problematic areas and in offering a wealth of materials for incorporation. They clearly improved the final output with their excellent suggestions and critique. I cannot thank them enough. Of course, any mistakes that remain are my sole responsibility. Laura Morris, Joanna Garbutt, and Joanna Breeze of were very helpful and professional in shepherding the project through production. Carol Fellingham Webb provided excellent copy-editing services. Kate Mertes furnished a superb comprehensive index. I am truly grateful for these friends and colleagues. xii in this web service
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