I. Members of Society
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- Ernest Houston
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1 Medieval Life Notes
2 I. Members of Society A.Lords 1.Often lived in castles a.not very comfortable b.often slept in main hall c.cold and drafty or hot and muggy 2.Ran a fief a.large estate b.responsible for people who lived there Peasant, knight, servant, guild member c.paid taxes to the king 3.Often former knights
3 I. Members of Society B.Ladies 1.Often had little power a.subject to their husbands or fathers b.married who they were told Often young 2.Ran daily life in castle a.in charge of cooking, cleaning, sewing, medical care 3.Ran manor when lord gone
4 I. Members of Society C.Peasants 1.a.k.a. serfs 2.Bound to the land they worked for the lord 3.Very poor a.drafty houses, straw roofs b.1 room, partitioned c.often no livestock 4.Worked from sunup to sundown
5 I. Members of Society D.Clergy - ordained members of the church 1.Powerful at this time a.had power to condemn or forgive sinners b.taught people about everlasting life c. Influenced all classes of people 2.Had more comfortable lives a.lived at church or monastery b.each manor often had a small church 3.Worked long and hard, but reaped few earthly benefits 4.Made small amounts of money through services
6 I. Members of Society E.Guild Members 1.Members of a union who practiced a trade a.shoemakers, blacksmiths, tailors, weavers, bakers 2.Banded together to promote group interests 3.Limited membership a.apprentice, journeyman, expert
7 I. Members of Society F. Knights 1.Mounted, armored warriors 2.Protecting force behind feudalism 3.Swore oath to the lord and/or king a.idea of chivalry prominent
8 Castle Life
9 Knights and Archers
10 II. Power of the Church A.Hierarchy 1.Local priests a.in charge of parish b.services, ceremonies, sick 2.Bishops a.in charge of diocese, lots of parishes 3.Archbishop a.in charge of archdiocese 4.Cardinal a.second to the pope b.elect new popes 5.Pope a.leader of the entire church
11 II. Power of the Church B.Popes vs. Kings 1.Struggle a.some kings & nobles thought they should control the church b.some could appoint church officials in their area Often sold them to highest bidder Some officials corrupt, didn t follow church c.caused people to lose respect for church
12 II. Power of the Church 2.Pope Gregory VII a.issued document against kings, the Dictatus Papae Pope more powerful Only pope could appoint cardinals & bishops Gov t people who didn t follow in trouble
13 II. Power of the Church 3.King Henry IV - Germany a.continued appointing bishops b.demanded pope step down c.1076 gets excommunicated Subjects no longer obliged to obey d.forced to submit to the pope
14 II. Power of the Church 4.Treaty a.1122 signed Concordat of Worms Church leaders, nobles, representatives of kings & pope met Agreed pope would select church leaders
15 III. Church Influence A.Money 1.Tithe - 1/10 of produce paid to church each year a.everyone paid it b.peasants also had to pay rent c.wanted salvation - saving 2.Church began to become wealthy
16 III. Church Influence B.Life 1.Church was center of life for manor a.bells announced time Work, meals, rest, mass b.where community gathered c.refuge d.holidays
17 III. Church Influence 2.Cathedrals a.primary church of a bishop b.huge undertaking c.hundreds of skilled workers Became their life s work Could take 100 years Many died during construction d.celebrated the power of God
18 IV. Schism A.Byzantine Empire 1.Thrived after fall of Rome 2.Emperor head of church and government a.constantinople second center of Christianity 3.Powerful trade center a.bosporus & Dardanelles b.attracted traders & wealth from all over world 4.Higher literacy rate a.studied classics
19 IV. Schism B.Eastern Church 1.Strong influence over people a.patriarch - bishop of Constantinople b.wielded considerable power 2.Had disagreements with Rome a.use of icons b.crowning of Charlemagne
20 IV. Schism C.Split 1.Who is supreme, east or west? 2.Patriarch Cerularius v. Pope Leo IX a.argued over who led churches in southern Italy b.leo wins c.patriarch closes all churches in Constantinople that celebrate mass in the western style d.leo excommunicates him Cerularius does it right back e. Leads to permanent schism - split Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox
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