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1 O C J I B A FIGURE The main religions of Northern Eurasia: O, Orthodox Christianity (Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia, some parts of Kazakhstan, and the Baltics); C, other Christian churches (Roman Catholic in Lithuania, Byzantine Catholic in western Ukraine and Belarus, Lutheran in Estonia and Latvia, Armenian Apostolic in Armenia); J, Judaism; I, Islam (Shia in Azerbaijan, Sunni in other areas); B, Buddhism (Buryatiya and Kalmykiya) and Burkhanism (the Altay); A, animism/shamanism. Map: J. Torguson.

2 FIGURE The Orthodox Divine Liturgy is an elaborate and ancient service, with most parts unchanged since the 4th century. Note the icons on the walls, the icon screen, the candles, and the vigil lamps. Photo: Author.

3 FIGURE A typical plan of an Orthodox church (temple). People enter under the bell tower into the narthex and proceed to the main temple (nave). The sanctuary with the altar is hidden behind the iconostasis screen. The five circles indicate domes on the roof.

4 FIGURE The 17th- century Church of the Annunciation in Murom is a fine example of stone architecture of the pre- Baroque period. Note the location of the porch under the bell tower on the left (west) and the entrance into the narthex on the right (east). Photo: Author.

5 FIGURE Transfiguration church in Kizhi cemetery on Lake Onega. This World Heritage Site is a celebrated example of the wooden architecture of the Russian North. Photo: S. Blinnikov.

6 FIGURE Holy Trinity Monastery, founded by St. Sergius of Radonezh (d. 1392), is the most prominent monastery in Russia today. It houses a few museums, a library, and the Moscow Theological Seminary and Academy. Photo: Author.

7 FIGURE A cemetery near Moscow resembles an overgrown forest more than a lawn. Cemeteries in Russia combine Soviet and Orthodox symbols, reflecting changes in attitudes about the afterlife. Photo: Author.

8 FIGURE A brand-new, impressive mosque in Kazan attracts thousands of Muslim worshippers. Photo: S. Blinnikov.

9 FIGURE Armenian churches have a distinct visual style. The religious complex at Etchmiadzin is the worldwide spiritual center of the Armenian Church, where the Chief Hierarch (catholicos) resides. Photo: K. Van Assche.

10 FIGURE Buddhism is widespread in Buryatiya Republic, on the border with Mongolia. The daitsan shown here has been recently constructed near Ulan-Ude. Photo: P. Safonov.

11 FIGURE Burkhanism in the Altay combines shamanistic and lamaistic elements. Prayer flags are common near holy springs and waterfalls and signify offers to the local spirits. Photo: Author.

12 FIGURE Orthodox or Byzantine Catholic? In Belarus and western Ukraine, many church buildings have repeatedly passed back and forth from Orthodox to Byzantine Catholic control. The Byzantine Catholics, or Uniates, retain the Orthodox liturgy but recognize the Pope of Rome as their spiritual head. Photo: P. Miltenoff.

13 FIGURE Russians wear modern, European-style dress, whether casual or formal. The Moscow dress code is a bit stricter than in an average U.S. city, but is generally not very formal. However, great variety exists among different groups of people in the provinces. Photo: Author.

14 FIGURE Russians have to dress warmly in winter; long goose-down jackets and fur or wool hats are a must. This picture was taken in Yekaterinburg in early March. Photo: I. Tarabrina.

15 FIGURE Traditional Belarusian long dress with embroidery. Photo: P. Miltenoff.

16 FIGURE Kazakh traditional dress on display in an ethnographic museum. Photo: Author.