Summary of the by Veronica Brandt

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1 Summary of the Latin and Church Music Class 2010 by Veronica Brandt Contents The sign of the cross Parce Domine Ave Maria Gloria, Laus Stabat Mater Laudemus Virginem Alleluia Regina Caeli Jubilate Litany of the Blessed Virgin Mary Gaudete Gaudete in four parts Gloria Patri The sign of the cross In nomine Patris et Filii et In the name of the Father and of Spiritus Sancti. the Son and of the Holy Spirit. Amen. Amen. 1

2 Parce Domine This is a simple antiphon for Lent. through. ris angry with us. tu- i-rascá- no-bis spare Thy people We usually sing it three times P arce Dómi-ne, Spare Lord parce pópu-lo o: ne in be not æ-térnum forever Antiphons usually go with a psalm - like the Responsorial Psalm we have at Mass. This one is sometimes sung with a hymn for Lent. One cantor might sing the verses of the hymn while the rest of the choir and congregation join in with the antiphon. Ave Maria 2 3 Ave Maria, gratia plena, Dominus tecum. Benedicta tu in mulieribus, et benedictus fructus ventris tui, Jesus. Sancta Maria, Mater Dei, ora pro nobis peccatoribus, nunc et in hora mortis nostrae. Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee. Blessed art thou among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus. Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners, now and at the hour of our death.

3 Amen. Amen. Here is the first part of the Ave Maria arranged as a round: I A ve Ma II III ri a gra ti a ple na Do minus te cum. Gloria, Laus This antiphon was composed by St. Theodulf of Orleans in the 7th century. There is a legend that he composed this in prison for Palm Sunday. As the procession passed his window, he sang out and so impressed the King that Theodulf was released. Redémptor Redeemer de-cus prompsit pi- holy. um : a, laus laud et and to whom children honor honour sit, to Thee be Rex King G lóri- Glory ti-bi Cu- i pu- e- rí-le Christe Christ brought forth Hosanna Hosánna You might recognise the English translation by John Mason Neale: 4

4 All glory, laud and honour To Thee Redeemer King To whom the lips of children Made sweet Hosannas ring. Stabat Mater This is just the first of 20 verses ascribed to Jacapone da Todi from the 13th century. It often accompanies the stations of the Cross. lacrimó- Dum pendébat Fí-li- us. Close to Jesus to the last Juxta Stood the mournful Mother weeping S tabat Ma-ter do-lo-ró-sa By the cross her station keeping Cru-cem Jacopo Benedetti was a lawyer in Italy in the 13th century. From the Catholic Encyclopedia: sa 5... he exercised the legends say with some avarice the profession of an advocate (procuratore). In course of time (1267?) he married a noblewoman, who in one version of the legend is called Vanna, daughter of Bernardino, Count of Collemedio (Coldimezzo near Todi) (La Verna, IV, 1906, 386). It was the great piety and the tragic death of his young spouse that brought about an entire change in Jacopone. A great feast was being celebrated at Todi proba-

5 bly in Among the onlookers was Jacopone s wife in rich array. Suddenly the raised platform from which she was witnessing the spectacle gave way, crushing her fatally. When the poet reached her side Vanna was already dying; on opening her dress, he found a hair cloth beneath the splendid robes. The terrible blow caused by his wife s death, together with the evidence of her secret penance for his sins, made such an impression on Jacopone that for many years he seemed to be no longer himself. Abandoning his profession, and wearing the habit of a Franciscan Tertiary (bizochone), he led a roaming life for a full decade (see the poem Que farai fra Jacopone in Modio, 73). During this period he was the terror of his friends and relations, and became a sort of Christian Diogenes. It was then probably that the former proud doctor of law, Jacopo dei Benedetti, mocked and scoffed at by the boys in the streets of Todi, received the nickname of Jacopone. Once, saddled and bridled like an ass, he crawled on all fours in the public square of Todi; on another occasion, to the great confusion of his family, he appeared at a wedding in his brother s house, tarred and feathered from top to toe. When asked by a citizen to carry home a pair of capons for him, Jacopone brought them to theman s family tomb, saying that this was his true house. Jacopone s folly was however the folly of the Cross, as he says: Senno me pare e cortesia Empazir per lo bel Messia. (A wise and courteous choice he d make Who d be a fool for the dear Lord s sake.) After that he joined the Franciscans as a lay brother and wrote poetry and prose. He tried to help the Franciscans embrace a stricter observance of their rule, but got on the wrong side of the Pope and was

6 imprisoned. It was because of some fiery things he wrote about the Pope that Jacopone was never beatified. Laudemus Virginem Here s a round in honour of Our Lady from the Red Book of Montserrat, a 14th century book of music for pilgrims. I II LaudemusVirginemMaterest; et e jus Plangemusscele ra a criter; sperantes III Fi li us Jesusest injesum ju gi ter. 6 Let us praise the Virgin, for she is a Mother; and her Son is Jesus. Let us bitterly lament our sins; hoping in Jesus perpetually. You might like matching up the Latin words with their English counterparts. Here acriter means bitterly. In English we have the word acrid for something bitter - usually a smell. Alleluia Easter is full of Alleluias - shouts of praise to God. There are many tunes, but this is one that may be familiar to many. It comes from Lauds or the dawn prayer of Easter Sunday. A l- le-lú-ia, alle-lú-ia, alle-lú-ia. 7

7 Regina Caeli This is the Marian Antiphon from Easter time. In the Divine Office or Liturgy of the Hours we sing the Marian antiphons at the end of Compline or Night Prayers. There are four Marian antiphons to mark the different seasons: 8 Alma Redemptoris Mater for Advent through Epiphany, Ave Regina Caelorum for Lent, Regina Caeli for Easter and lastly Salve Regina for Pentecost up to just before Advent. We also sing or say the Regina Caeli instead of the Angelus for Easter time. ísti didst merit to bear, Alleluia. it, Ora pro Pray for us to God, Alleluia. quem For He Whom thou Is risen as He said, Alleluia. R e-gí-na cae-li laetá-re, alle-lú-ia: O Queen of Heaven, rejoice, Alleluia. Qui- a me-ru- portá-re, alle-lú-ia: Re-surréx-it, si-cut dix- alle- lú-ia: no-bis De- um, alle-lú- ia:

8 V. Gaude et laetáre Virgo María, allelúia. V. Rejoice and be glad, O Virgin Mary, Alleluia. R. Quia surréxit Dóminus vere, allelúia. R. For the Lord is risen indeed, Alleluia. Orémus. Let us pray Deus qui per resurrectiónem Fílii tui Dómini nostri OGod, Who didst deign to give Jesu Christi mundum laetificáre joy to the world through the dignátus es : praesta, resurrection of Thy Son, Our Lord quaésumus; ut per ejus Genitrícem Vírginem Maríam perpétuae capiámus gáudia vitae. Jesus Christ; grant we beseech Thee, that through His Mother the Virgin mary, we may obtain the joys Per eúmdem Christum of everlasting life, through the same Dóminum nostrum. Christ Our Lord. R. Amen. R. Amen. 4 I 4 2 Ju IV bi la te, II ju Jubilate bi la te De V III o omnis ter ra, ju bi 9 la te om nis ter ra, psa li te in lae ti ti a! by Michael Praetorius, Jubilate Deo omnis terra! Psallite in laetitia! Rejoice in God all the earth! Sing out with joy!

9 Litany of the Blessed Virgin Mary have mercy. E ij. have mercy. Christe Christ ij. audi hear us. Christ nos ij. have mercy. Christe Christ God the Father of heaven, have mercy on us. Fili Redémptor mundi De-us, miserere nobis. God the Son Redeemer of the world, have mercy on us. Spiritus Sancte De-us, miserere nobis. God the Holy Spirit, have mercy on us. Sancta Trinitas unus De-us, miserere nobis. Holy Trinity one God, have mercy on us. Sancta Holy Mary pray for us. Ky-ri- e e-lé- i-son. Pa-ter de cae-lis De- us, mi-se-ré-re no-bis. Ma-rí- a, o-ra pro no-bis. ij. exaudi K YRI- Lord e-lé- i-son. Chri-ste e-lé- i-son. Lord nos ij. graciously hear us. 10

10 Sancta Holy Mother of God, De- i Gé-ni-trix, o-ra pro no-bis. pray for us. Sancta Virgo vírginum, * Holy Virgin of virgins, * Mater Christi, Mother of Christ, Mater Ecclésiae, Mother of the Church, Mater divínae grátiae, Mother of divine grace, Mater puríssima, Mother most pure, Mater castíssima, Mother most chaste, Mater invioláta, Mother inviolate, Mater intermeráta, Mother undefiled, Mater amábilis, Mother most amiable, Mater admirábilis, Mother most admirable, Mater boni consílii, Mother of good counsel, Mater Creatóris, Mother of our Creator, Mater Salvatóris, Mother of our Saviour, Virgo prudentíssima, Virgin most prudent, Virgo veneránda, Virgin most venerable, Virgo praedicánda, Virgin most reknowned, Virgo potens, Virgin most powerful, Virgo clemens, Virgin most merciful, Virgo fidélis, Virgin most faithful, Spéculum justítiae, Mirror of justice, Sedes sapiéntiae, Seat of wisdom, Causa nostra laetítiae, Cause of our joy, Vas spirituále, Spiritual vessel, Vas honorábile, Vessel of honour, Vas insígne devotiónis, Singular vessel of devotion, Rosa mýstica, Mystic rose, * ora pro nobis. * pray for us.

11 Turris Davídica, Tower of David, Turris ebúrnea, Tower of ivory, Domus áurea, House of gold, Foéderis arca, Ark of the covenant, Jánua caéli, Gate of heaven, Stella matutína, Morning star, Salus infirmórum, Health of the sick, Refúgium peccatórum, Refuge of sinners, Consolátrix afflictórum, Comforter of the afflicted, Auxílium Christianórum, Help of Christians, Regína Angelórum, Queen of Angels, Regína Patriarchárum, Queen of Patriarchs, Regína Prophetárum, Queen of Prophets, Regína Apostolórum, Queen of Apostles, Regína Mártyrum, Queen of Martyrs, Regína Confessórum, Queen of Confessors, Regína Vírginum, Queen of Virgins, Regína Sanctórum ómnium, Queen of all Saints, Regína sine labe origináli concépta, Queen conceived without original sin, Regína sacratissimi Rosárii, Queen of the most holy Rosary, Regína famíliae, Queen of the family, Regína pacis, Queen of peace, * ora pro nobis. * pray for us. A GNUS Lamb of God, us O Lord. Agnus qui who Lamb of God, takest away the sins of the world, mundi, parce spare De- i, tol-lis peccá-ta no-bis Dómi-ne. De- i, qui tol-lis peccá-ta mundi, who takest away the sins of the world,

12 exáudi nos graciously hear us O Lord. mundi, of the world, have mercy on us. Agnus Lamb of God, peccá-ta mi-se-ré-re no-bis. qui Dómi-ne. De- i, tol-lis who takest away the sins B Ora pro nobis sancta Dei Génitrix. RC Ut digni efficiámur promissiónibus Christi. Oremus. Concéde nos fámulos tuos, quaésumus Dómine Deus, perpétua mentis et córporis sanitáte gaudére : et gloriósa beátae Maríae semper Vírginis intercessióne, * a praesénti liberári tristítia, et aetérna pérfrui laetítia. Per Christum Dóminum nostrum. Amen. Pray for us O Holy Mother of God. That we may be made worthy of the promises of Christ. Let us pray. Grant, we beseech Thee, Lord God, that we Thy servants may enjoy perpetual health of mind and body: and by the intercession of the glorious blessed Mary ever Virgin, * may be delivered from present sorrow and obtain eternal joy. Through Christ our Lord. Amen. A litany is great for pilgrimages or anytime you want to sing for a long time without having to learn lots of music. One person reads the invocations while the rest join in with miserere nobis or ora pro nobis. Gaudete This is a medieval carol for Christmas. There were carols for all the feasts and seasons, but these were suppressed by the Puritans. Now 11

13 very few remain, except for Christmas. Gau de te! gau de te! Chris tus est na tus. 3 Ex Ma ri a Vir gi ne Gau de te! That is the chorus, sometimes sung three times. In class we would sing one loud, one soft then last time loud. There are at least two different tunes for the verses. 1. Tempus ad est gratiae 1. The time of grace has come Hoc quod optabamus, For which we have prayed Carmina laetitiae Let us devoutly Devote reddamus. Sing songs of joy. 2. Deus homo factus est, 2. God is made man, Natura mirante, While nature wonders Mundus renovatus est The world is renewed A Christo regnante. By Christ the King. 3. Ezechielis porta 3. The closed gate of Ezekiel Clausa per transitur. Has been passed through; Unde lux est orta Whence the light has risen, Salus inveniter. Salvation is found. 4. Ergo nostra contio 4. Therefore let our assembly Psallat jam in lustro, Sing praises at this time of purifica- Benedicat Domino, tion Salus Regi nostro. Let us bless the Lord; Greetings to our King.

14 Gaudete in four parts We didn t do this so much in class, but if you have enough voices you can try: Gau de te! gau de te! Chris tus est na tus Ex Ma ri a Vir gi ne Gau de te! Gloria Patri At the beginning we learnt the Sign of the Cross in Latin. In English the Sign of the Cross and the Glory Be are very similar, but in Latin some of the endings change, so watch a carefully. In nomine Patris et Filii et Spiritus Sancti. Gloria Patri et Filio et Spiritui Sancto. 14

15 So why do the endings change? Notice in English there is a change - of the Father and to the Father. In Latin they don t have to use little words like of and to because their meaning comes out in the changes in the endings. Here is the Glory Be sung to a psalm tone. was in Patri et to the Father to the Son the beginning now et and to the Spirit of ages saecu-la saecu-lo-rum. Amen. always et in Sancto. ages Holy G lori- a Glory Fi-li- o Spi-ri-tu- i si-cut e-rat in princi-pi- o et nunc et semper, There are lots of different psalm tones with different sounds for different times. In modern music we have major and minor modes, but in gregorian chant there are lots more modes so lots of psalm tones to match each mode. We can sing just about anything to a psalm tone. Here is the Ave Maria again.

16 A -ve Hail blessed womb thy thou Mary tu in Jesus in grace women Holy Mary full et and Mother Lord blessed of God the hourof death our Ma-ri- a gra-ti- a plena Domi-nus te-cum. bene-dicta mu-li- e-ri-bus bene-dictus ventris tu- i, Je-sus Sancta Ma-ri- a Ma-ter De- i no-bis pecca-to-ri-bus nunc et in us sinners now and in ho-ra mortis thee-with fructus fruit pray o-ra pro for nostrae. Amen. Imagine chanting a decade of the rosary like that. Well, that s something like the way psalms are chanted in monasteries. The monks sit in the church divided into two sides and each side takes turns to chant each verse of the psalm - like we divide the Hail Mary into two so the leader says the first part and the rest say the second. Then we finish with the Glory Be just like the monks finish each psalm with the Gloria Patri. How many Aves or Hail Marys are there in a rosary? Before Pope John Paul II introduced the Mysteries of Light there were fifteen mysteries of the rosary. With ten Hail Marys to each mystery that would make 150 Hail Marys - just like the 150 psalms of David.

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