Gregory- Aland Number. Shelf Number. Type Date Description Location. Link

Transcription

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2 Gregory- Aland Number Type Date Description Location Shelf Number Link

3 Papyrus Manuscript: P46 Date: c. 200 Location: Ann Arbor, Michigan, University of Michigan Library. Late second century or early third century manuscript of Paul on papyrus; 86 leaves, single column, lines per column. Images are from the University of Michigan. Rom 12:1 Rom. 12:1 I beseech you therefore, brethren, by the mercies of God, that ye present

4 Majuscule Manuscript: GA 01 Date: 4th Century Location: London, British Library Codex Sinaiticusis a fourth century manuscript of the Greek Old Testament, the New Testament, the Epistle of Barnabas, and the Shepherd of Hermas on parchment.

5 Minuscule Manuscript: GA 6 Date: 13th Century Location: Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale Minuscule manuscript of the Gospels, Apostolos, and Paul on parchment; 235 leaves, single column, 29 lines per column. Digital images from microfilm.

6 Textual Philosophies Reasoned Eclecticism --the modernmethod of New Testament textual criticism. Philosophy of most new Bibles translated from the Critical Text (UBS and Nestle- Aland). Prefers the shorter, harder, disharmonized, and harsher forms of text. Strong Alexandrian priority. Advocated by textual critics such as Daniel Wallace and Gordon Fee. Alternatives to reasoned eclecticism are Dennis Kenaga, Skeptical Trends in New Testament Textual Criticism James Royse, The Treatment of Scribal Leaps in Metzger's Textual Commentary Reasoned Conservatism, D. A. Black, New Testament Textual Criticism: a Concise Guide, Harry Sturz, The Byzantine Text-type and New Testament Textual Criticism, Maurice Robinson, Byzantine Priority Zane Hodges, The Majority Text GeneologicalTheory offered by James D. Price Textus Receptus traditional approach, Donald Waite, Douglas Wilson, Ed Hills, Ted Letis

7 Andrew Wilson, New Testament Textual Criticism Theory and Research

8 Textual Differences Matt 17:21 The Byzantine/TextusReceptus/Majority/KJV/NKJV text has Jesus commending prayer and fasting. The Alexandrian/Nestle-Aland/UBS/NAS/NIV text does not have this verse.

9 Textual Differences Mk 9:29 The Byzantine/TextusReceptus/Majority/KJV/NKJV text has Jesus saying and fasting. The Alexandrian/Nestle-Aland/UBS/NAS/NIV text does not have these words.

10 Textual Differences Luke 2:33 The Byzantine/Textus Receptus/Majority/KJV/NKJV text has Joseph. The Alexandrian/Nestle- Aland/UBS/NAS/NIV text his father.

11 Textual Differences Jn 14:14 The Byzantine/TextusReceptus/Majority/KJV/NKJV text does not have the word me. The Alexandrian/ Nestle-Aland/UBS/NAS/NIV text has the word me, having Jesus teaching the disciples to pray to Jesus in Jesus name.

12 Textual Differences Jn 1:18 The Byzantine/Textus Receptus/Majority/KJV/NKJV text has Son. The Greek Alexandrian/Nestle- Aland/UBS text has God though the English versions are often translated Son.

13 Textual Differences Jn 7:53-8:11 The Byzantine/TextusReceptus/Majority/KJV/NKJV text has the story of the woman caught in adultery. The Alexandrian/Nestle-Aland/UBS/NAS/NIV text brackets it as probably not being original.

14 Textual Differences Acts 8:37 The TextusReceptus/KJV text has verse 37. The Alexandrian/Nestle-Aland/UBS/NAS/NIV text as well as the Byzantine/Majority text does not have this verse.

15 Textual Differences Romans 8:1b The Byzantine/TextusReceptus/Majority/KJV/NKJV text has the underscored phrase. The Alexandrian/Nestle-Aland/UBS/NAS/NIV text does not.

16 Textual Differences Romans 14:10 The Byzantine/Textus Receptus/Majority/KJV/NKJV text has Christ. The Alexandrian/Nestle- Aland/UBS/NAS/NIV text has God.

17 Textual Differences 1Thes 2:7 The Byzantine/Textus Receptus/Majority/KJV/NKJV text has gentle. The Alexandrian/Nestle- Aland/UBS/NAS/NIV text has children due to one Greek letter difference.

18 Textual Differences 1Tim 3:16 The Byzantine/Textus Receptus/Majority/KJV/NKJV text has the word God. The Alexandrian/Nestle- Aland/UBS/NAS/NIV text has who due to one dash in the actual manuscripts (Omicron or Theta?).

19 Textual Differences Heb 3:16 The Byzantine/TextusReceptus/Majority/KJV has a period after verse 16 and the accent mark on the last syllable of the first word tines. The Alexandrian/Nestle-Aland/UBS/NAS/NIV text has a question mark ( ; in Greek) and the accent on the first syllable of the word tines in Greek. Yet the NKJV departs from the TextusReceptushere and translates this as a question, yielding a contradictory answer.

20 Textual Differences 1Jn 5:7 The Textus Receptus/KJV/NKJV text has the underscored words in verse 7 of the KJV. The Alexandrian/Nestle- Aland/UBS/NAS/NIV text and Byzantine/Majority text does not have these words but puts words from verse 8 in verse 7 s slot.

21 Textual Differences Mark 16:9-20 The Byzantine/Textus Receptus/Majority/KJV/NKJV text has the long ending of Mark 16. The Alexandrian/Nestle- Aland/UBS/NAS/NIV text does not have these words or brackets them as not being original.

22 Translation theories: Formal versus Functional Arguments for Preferring Functional Equivalent Translations: 1. Functional translations are more easily understood by the reader. 2. Functional translations reflect a missionary approach to a culture, a fact which American Christians need to accept and then make necessary adjustments. 3. Functional translations are more effective in sharing with unchurched people. 4. Functional translations are more effective with children. 5. Functional translations are more faithful to the goal of the Bible writers to communicate in the common language of the people. 6. Functional translations are easier for new Christians to understand. 7. Functional translations relate better to the lesser educated. 8. Functional translations are more effective with people who speak/read English as a second language. Source: Brett Maragni

23 Translation theories: Formal versus Functional Arguments for Preferring Formal Equivalent Translations: 1. Formal translations are more faithful to the original languages. 2. Formal translations use the only translation philosophy known to scholars prior to the middle of the 20 th Century. 3. Formal translations protect the reader from translators opinions and biases. 4. Formal translations are more theologically precise. 5. Formal translations seem to sound and feel more majestic and beautiful. 6. Formal translations allow you to interpret the meaning. 7. Formal translations have a longer shelf life. 8. Formal translations tend to showcase the various styles of the Bible writers better than functional versions Source: Brett Maragni

24 Translation theories: Formal versus Functional(Dynamic) Leland Ryken, Bible Translation Differences--Criteria for Excellence in Reading and Choosing a Bible Translation, Crossway Books

25 Translational Differences Matt 5:2 Formal translation Functional translation The KJV/NKJV says Jesus opened his mouth per the Greek text. The NIV11 says he began to teach, attempting to translate the thought rather than the Greek words into more modern English.

26 Translational Differences Luke 1:15 Formal translation Functional translation κοιλίας κοιλία(κοῖλος) Noun fem sing gen stomach, womb [ESVS] G2836 womb μητρὸς μήτηρ Noun fem sing gen mother [ESVS] G3384 mother s The KJV/NKJV text says from his mother s womb per the Greek text. The NIV11 says he before he is born attempting to translate the thought rather than Greek words into more modern English.

27 Translational Differences Matt 9:18 προσεκύνει προσκυνέω (πρός, κυνέω) Verb 3 sing imperf act indic to fall down to worship; to do obeisance [ESVS] G4352 knelt The KJV/NKJV text says worshipped. The NIV11 says knelt before him from the same Greek word.

28 Translational Differences Acts 4:27 παῖδά παῖς Noun masc sing acc child; slave [ESVS] G3816 servant The KJV/NKJV text says child. The NIV11 says servant from the same Greek word.

29 Translational Differences Acts 12:4 The KJV/NKJV text says Easter. The NIV11 and all other modern translations say Passover from the same Greek word.

30 Translational Differences Rom 16:1 The KJV/NKJV text says servant. The NIV11 says deacon from the same Greek word.

31 διάκονος In the NA28 29 hits in 27 verses. Diakonos, used many times in the gospels and epistles, is almost always translated servant / minister in the early-written epistles. The English Deacon is used only in 1Timothy and Philippians in the early translation tradition, distinguishing a church office from normative Christian ministry. Why would Rom 16:1 be translated deacon versus servant in the NIV?

32 Deacon in KJV Deacon in NIV Rom. 16:1 I commend a to you our sister Phoebe, a deacon a,b of the church in Cenchreae. b Phil. 1:1 Paul and Timotheus, the servants of Jesus Christ, to all the saints in Christ Jesus which are at Philippi, with the bishops and deacons: Phil. 1:1 Paul and Timothy, a servants of Christ Jesus, To all God s holy people b in Christ Jesus at Philippi, c together with the overseers d anddeacons a : e 1Tim. 3:8 Likewisemustthe deaconsbegrave, not doubletongued, not given to much wine, not greedy of filthy lucre; 9 Holding the mystery of the faith in a pure conscience. 10 And let these also first be proved; then let them use the office of a deacon, beingfound blameless. 11 Even somust theirwivesbegrave, not slanderers, sober, faithful in all things. 12 Let the deaconsbe the husbands of one wife, ruling their children and their own houses well. 13 For they that have used the office of a deaconwell purchase to themselves a good degree, and great boldness in the faith which is in Christ Jesus. 1Tim. 3:8 In the same way, deacons a a are to be worthy of respect, sincere, not indulging in much wine, b and not pursuing dishonest gain. 9 They must keep hold of the deep truths of the faith with a clear conscience. a 10 They must first be tested; a and then if there is nothing against them, let them serve asdeacons. 11 In the same way, the women a are to be worthy of respect, not malicious talkers a but temperate b and trustworthy in everything. 12 A deaconmust be faithful to his wife a and must manage his children and his household well. b 13 Those who have served well gain an excellent standing and great assurance in their faith in Christ Jesus. Diakonos, used many times in the gospels and epistles, is almost always translated servant / minister in the early-written epistles. The English Deacon is used only in 1Timothy and Philippians in the early translation tradition, distinguishing a church office from normative Christian ministry. Why would Rom 16:1 be translated deacon versus servant in the NIV?

33 Translational Differences 1Tim 3:11 The Greek gunaikasis translated wives of deacons in KJV/NKJV and earlier translation traditions versus women in NIV11, as a separate office for deaconesses.

34 English Bible Translation Comparison Chart Translation Theory Greek Text TextusReceptus Reformation Text (140,746 Greek words*) Byzantine/Majority Text (140,722 Greek words ) UBS/Nestle-Aland Critical Text (138,020 Greek wordsˆ) Formal Equivalence KJV/NKJV/KJV NASB, ESV, RSV/NRSV Functional Equivalence NIV, TNIV, NLT, CEV, GNB *Scrivner Robinson/Pierpont ˆNA27 Source: Andrew Wilson, New Testament Textual Criticism Theory and Research