VOLUME 4 SRI AUROBINDO BIRTH CENTENARY LIBRARY DE LUXE EDITION

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2 ii VOLUME 4 SRI AUROBINDO BIRTH CENTENARY LIBRARY DE LUXE EDITION Sri Aurobindo Ashram Trust Published by Sri Aurobindo Ashram Pondicherry. Printed at the Sri Aurobindo Ashram Press Pondicherry India PRINTED IN INDIA

3 iii Sri Aurobindo and his wife Mrinalini Devi 1905

4 iv NOTE Volume 4 in the SRI AUROBINDO BIRTH CENTENARY LIBRARY contains Sri Aurobindo's original Bengali writings. Sri Aurobindo started learning Bengali, his mother tongue, in England, as a probationer for the Indian Civil Service. After his return to India he began a serious study of the language with a view to acquiring proficiency in reading, writing and speaking. During his stay at Baroda he wrote some poetry in Bengali, attempting even a long poem called "Usha-Haran Kabya". A few lines from this work are reproduced here for the first time. It is to this poem that his brother, Manmohan, himself a poet, refers in his letter to Rabindranath Tagore, dated October 24, We quote from it the following extract: "Aurobinda is anxious to know what you think of his book of verses 1, but I have explained to him how busy you are just now; and that you will write later when you have a little more leisure to do justice to his book. I myself think that he is possessed of considerable powers of language and a real literary gift, but is lacking in stuff and matter, perhaps in warmth of temperament. But those pieces on Parnell 2, consisting of fine philosophic reflection, show, I think, that he might do great things. Unfortunately he has directed (or rather misdirected) all his energies to writing Bengali poetry. He is at present engaged on an epic (inspired I believe by Michael Madhusudan) on the subject of Usha and Aniruddha." He wrote several articles for the earlier issues of Yugantar, a Bengali revolutionary weekly started by his brother Barin and others under his guidance in March But not a single copy of this journal has so far been traced. The earliest available Bengali writings of Sri Aurobindo besides "Usha-Haran Kabya" are the three letters to his wife Mrinalini Devi written between 1905 and These were produced as exhibits in the Alipore Conspiracy Case in 1908, and having attracted public notice were reproduced in various journals and in book-form soon afterwards. After his acquittal in 1909 Sri Aurobindo started a Bengali weekly called Dharma, and wrote most of the editorial comments and leading 1 SONGS TO MYRTILLA published a year later, in 1895.! Charles Stewart Parnell (1891) and Hie Jaeet (Centenary Volume 5, pp. 15, 11).

5 v articles for it until his withdrawal to Chandernagore in February Most of these leading articles were published in book-form in 1920 under the title Dharma O Jatiyata by Prabartak Publishing House, Chandernagore. In the present volume these articles are arranged under two sections, "Dharma" and "Jatiyata" (Religion and Nationalism). The editorial comments from Dharma are published here in a separate section for the first time. Some of the articles on the Gita from Dharma were separately brought out in book-form in 1920 by the Prabartak Sangha under the title Gitar Bhumika. Karakahini (Tales of Prison Life) was first serialised in nine parts in the Bengali monthly, Suprabhat in This series remained incomplete as Sri Aurobindo left Bengal in The essay, "Karagriha O Swadhinata" (Prison and Freedom), was published in Bharati, a Bengali journal, about the same time. Karakahini came out in bookform in 1920 from Chandernagore. In 1918 Sri Aurobindo wrote "Jagannather Rath" (the Chariot of Jagannath) fox Prabartak, a journal published from Chandernagore. The article was published in bookform in 1921 along with some others under the same title by the Prabartak Publishing House. His letter to Barin, also known as "Letter from Pondicherry", written in 1920 was first published in Narayana, a journal edited by C. R. Das. It was also issued as a booklet in the same year and later along with "Letters to Mrinalini" under the title Sri Aurobinder Patra (Letters of Sri Aurobindo) by the Prabartak Publishing House. A number of articles on the Vedas, Upanishads and other subjects found in Sri Aurobindo's manuscripts were first put together in book-form in 1955 under the title Vividha Rachana. In this volume they have been distributed in various sections. The letters Sri Aurobindo wrote to some women disciples who did not know English were published as Patrawali in two parts, the first in 1951 and the second in The original sources of all articles are indicated in the Table of Contents. NOTE of compiller of this e-document: Pages 11, , , , were not included because of their absence

6 Contents vi HYMN TO DURGA (Dharma, No. 9, October, 1909)... 1 POETRY... 5 FROM USHA-HARAN KABYA... 7 A DREAM (Suprabhat, ) THE IDEAL OF FORGIVENESS (Dharma, No. 26, February, 1910) THE VEDA THE SECRET OF THE VEDA (Vividha Rachana, 1955) AGNI THE DIVINE ENERGY (Vividha Rachana, 1955) THE RIG-VEDA (Vividha Rachana, 1955) THE UPANISHADS THE UPANISHADS (Dharma, No. 15, December, 1909) THE INTEGRAL YOGA IN THE UPANISHADS (Vividha Rachana, 1955) THE ISHA UPANISHAD (1) (Vividha Rachana, 1955) THE ISHA UPANISHAD (2) (Vividha Rachana, 1955) THE PURANAS THE PURANAS (Dharma, No. 17, December, 1909) THE GITA THE DHARMA OF THE GITA (Dharma, No. 2, August, 1909) SANNYASA AND TYAGA (Dharma, No. 3, September, 1909) THE VISION OF THE WORLD-SPIRIT (Dharma, No. 23, February, 1910) AN INTRODUCTION TO THE GITA (Dharma, Nos. 7-24, ) DHARMA THE CHARIOT OF JAGANNATHA (Prabartak, 1918) THE THREE STAGES OF HUMAN SOCIETY (Vividha Rachana, 1955) AHANKARA (Dharma, No. 5, September, 1909) INTEGRALITY (Vividha Rachana, 1955) HYMNS AND PRAYERS (Dharma, No. 24, February, 1910) OUR RELIGION {Dharma, No. 1, August, 1909) MAYA (Dharma, No. 3, August, 1909) NIVRITTI (Dharma, No. 12, November, 1909) PRAKAMYA (Dharma, Nos, 17 and 18, ) NATIONALISM THE OLD AND THE NEW (Vividha Rachana, 1955) THE PROBLEM OF THE PAST (Dharma, No. 6, September, 1909) THE COUNTRY AND NATIONALISM (Dharma, No. 14, December, 1909) THE TRUE MEANING OF FREEDOM (Dharma, No. 8, October, 1909) A WORD ABOUT SOCIETY (Vividha Rachana, 1955)

7 vii FRATERNITY (Dharma, No. 23, February, 1910) 151 INDIAN PAINTING (Dharma, No. 25, February, 1910) HIROBUMI ITO (Dharma, No. 10, November, 1909) NATIONAL RESURGENCE (Dharma, No. 5, September, 1909) OUR HOPE (Dharma, No. 20, January, 1910) EAST AND WEST (Dharma, No. 22, January, 1910) GURU GOVINDSINGH GURU GOVINDSINGH (Dharma, No. 8, October, 1909) EDITORIAL COMMENTS EDITORIAL COMMENTS (Dharma, ) TALES OF PRISON LIFE TALES OF PRISON LIFE (Suprabhat, ) PRISON AND FREEDOM (Bharati) THE ARYAN IDEAL AND THE THREE GUNAS (Suprabhat, ) NEW BIRTH (Dharma, No, 2, August, 1909) LETTERS LETTERS TO MRINALINI ( ) LETTER TO BARIN (1920) LETTERS TO N. AND S. (Published, 1951 & 1959)

8 viii

9 ix

10 1 HYMN TO DURGA (Dharma, No. 9, October, 1909)

11 2

12 3

13 4

14 5 POETRY

15 6

16 7 FROM USHA-HARAN KABYA

17 8

18 9 STORIES

19 10

20 11 A DREAM (Suprabhat, )

21 12

22 13

23 14

24 15

25 16

26 17 THE IDEAL OF FORGIVENESS (Dharma, No. 26, February, 1910)

27 18

28 19 THE VEDA

29 20

30 21 THE SECRET OF THE VEDA (Vividha Rachana, 1955)

31 22

32 23

33 24

34 25

35 26 AGNI THE DIVINE ENERGY (Vividha Rachana, 1955)

36 27

37 28

38 29

39 30 THE RIG-VEDA (Vividha Rachana, 1955)

40 31

41 32

42 33

43 34

44 35

45 36

46 37

47 38

48 39

49 40

50 41 THE UPANISHADS

51 42

52 43 THE UPANISHADS (Dharma, No. 15, December, 1909)

53 44

54 45 THE INTEGRAL YOGA IN THE UPANISHADS (Vividha Rachana, 1955)

55 46

56 47 THE ISHA UPANISHAD (1) (Vividha Rachana, 1955)

57 48

58 49 THE ISHA UPANISHAD (2) (Vividha Rachana, 1955)

59 50

60 51 THE PURANAS

61 52

62 53 THE PURANAS (Dharma, No. 17, December, 1909) THE PURANAS (Dharma, No. 17, December, 1909)

63 54

64 55 THE GITA

65 56

66 57 THE DHARMA OF THE GITA (Dharma, No. 2, August, 1909)

67 58

68 59

69 60 SANNYASA AND TYAGA (Dharma, No. 3, September, 1909)

70 61

71 62

72 63 THE VISION OF THE WORLD-SPIRIT (Dharma, No. 23, February, 1910)

73 64

74 65

75 66 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE GITA (Dharma, Nos. 7-24, )

76 67

77 68

78 69

79 70

80 71

81 72

82 73

83 74

84 75

85 76

86 77

87 78

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104 95

105 96

106 97

107 98

108 99

109 100

110 101

111 102

112 103

113 104

114 105

115 106

116 107

117 108

118 109

119 110 DHARMA

120 111

121 112

122 113 THE CHARIOT OF JAGANNATHA (Prabartak, 1918)

123 114

124 115

125 116 THE THREE STAGES OF HUMAN SOCIETY (Vividha Rachana, 1955)

126 117

127 118 AHANKARA (Dharma, No. 5, September, 1909)

128 119

129 120 INTEGRALITY (Vividha Rachana, 1955)

130 121 HYMNS AND PRAYERS (Dharma, No. 24, February, 1910)

131 122

132 123

133 124 OUR RELIGION {Dharma, No. 1, August, 1909)

134 125

135 126

136 127 MAYA (Dharma, No. 3, August, 1909)

137 128

138 129

139 130

140 131 NIVRITTI (Dharma, No. 12, November, 1909)

141 132

142 133 PRAKAMYA (Dharma, Nos, 17 and 18, )

143 134

144 135

145 136

146 137 NATIONALISM

147 138

148 139 THE OLD AND THE NEW (Vividha Rachana, 1955)

149 140 THE PROBLEM OF THE PAST (Dharma, No. 6, September, 1909)

150 141

151 142

152 143

153 144

154 145

155 146 THE COUNTRY AND NATIONALISM (Dharma, No. 14, December, 1909)

156 147

157 148 THE TRUE MEANING OF FREEDOM (Dharma, No. 8, October, 1909)

158 149

159 150 A WORD ABOUT SOCIETY (Vividha Rachana, 1955)

160 151 FRATERNITY (Dharma, No. 23, February, 1910)

161 152

162 153

163 154 INDIAN PAINTING (Dharma, No. 25, February, 1910)

164 155

165 156 HIROBUMI ITO (Dharma, No. 10, November, 1909)

166 157

167 158 NATIONAL RESURGENCE (Dharma, No. 5, September, 1909)

168 159

169 160

170 161

171 162 OUR HOPE (Dharma, No. 20, January, 1910)

172 163

173 164

174 165 EAST AND WEST (Dharma, No. 22, January, 1910)

175 166

176 167

177 168

178 169 GURU GOVINDSINGH

179 170

180 171 GURU GOVINDSINGH (Dharma, No. 8, October, 1909)

181 172

182 173 EDITORIAL COMMENTS

183 174

184 175 EDITORIAL COMMENTS (Dharma, )

185 176

186 177

187 178

188 179

189 180

190 181

191 182

192 183

193 184

194 185

195 186

196 187

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198 189

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252 243

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254 245

255 246

256 247

257 248

258 249

259 250

260 251

261 252

262 253

263 254

264 255 TALES OF PRISON LIFE

265 256

266 257 TALES OF PRISON LIFE (Suprabhat, )

267 258

268 259

269 260

270 261

271 262

272 263

273 264

274 265

275 266

276 267

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302 293

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304 295

305 296

306 297

307 298 PRISON AND FREEDOM (Bharati)

308 299

309 300

310 301

311 302

312 303

313 304

314 305 THE ARYAN IDEAL AND THE THREE GUNAS (Suprabhat, )

315 306

316 307

317 308

318 309

319 310

320 311

321 312 NEW BIRTH (Dharma, No, 2, August, 1909)

322 313

323 314

324 315 LETTERS

325 316

326 317 LETTERS TO MRINALINI ( )

327 318

328 319

329 320

330 321

331 322

332 323

333 324

334 325

335 326

336 327 LETTER TO BARIN (1920)

337 328

338 329

339 330

340 331

341 332

342 333

343 334

344 335

345 336

346 337 LETTERS TO N. AND S. (Published, 1951 & 1959)

347 338

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