AJANTA: HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT
|
|
- Tracey Bernadette Sherman
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 AJANTA: HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT VOLUME ONE THE END OF THE GOLDEN AGE BY WALTER M. SPINK s ' 6 8 ^ s BRILL LEIDEN BOST&N 2005
2 To the Reader xi Introduction and a few Conventions 1 A THE END OF THE GOLDEN AGE Chapter 1 Ajanta in a Historical and Political Context 7 This summary of my views was originally published in MTDC's magazine Maharashtra Pathik (Sept. 1990), with the understanding that it would be used for the present purpose. It may be of particular interest because it was followed in later issues by the comments and/or criticisms of my colleagues. Concerned particularly with issues of history and epigraphy, these essays reveal clearly the bones of our contention. The various essays will be found in a later volume (Arguments about Ajanta). Chapter 2 A Query and A Response 22 This chapter is introduced by a probing letter by Dr. Heinrich von Stietencron, questioning the validity of the "short chronology" for Ajanta. Entitled "Questions addressed to Walter Spink", it was published at the request of Dr. Hans Bakker, in his recent volume, The Vakataka Heritage: Indian Culture at the Crossroads, Groningen, 2004, consisting of scholarly papers presented at a recent conference with that same title. This short letter is followed by a rather long response by the present author discussing the character of the site, as well as patronage, chronology, and other matters. Chapter 3 How the Monks Lived: Shrines and Cells at Ajanta 66 The Vakataka viharas at Ajanta were originally planned as mere dorrr'tories for the monks, a usage that would hardly justify the splen' ' s of their present decoration. This must be explained by their Lansformation, starting a half decade after the inauguration of the site's Vakataka phase, into shrines, in which not only the monks, but the Buddha himself was resident. The donation of the Buddha images in the shrines, and the creation of their richly meaningful decorative contexts, now became an obsession with Ajanta's courtly patrons, eager not only for religious merit but for worldly praise. However, the delights which such elite donors sponsored should not totally distract us from considering how the monks lived within the
3 Vlll caves how they slept, where they hung their clothes, and how they kept their humble toiletries. What can a survey of the few hundred cells at Ajanta and related sites tell us about matters of privacy, security, and convenience? Chapter 4 In Defense of Dandin: The Historicity of the Visrutacarita 119 Herein, I direcdy "bite the bullet" by presenting a detailed analysis of the historical evidence in Dandin's Dasakumaracarita, which I insist provides a remarkably trustworthy account of the specific events attendant upon the Vakataka fall. Admittedly, however, its convincing historicity goes against everything that we might otherwise expect. Perhaps because the "perfect world" which is mirrored at Ajanta fell apart so dramatically, the situation was unforgettably engraved in Dandin's familial memory. Chapter 5 A Revised Vakataka Chronology 163 To support my views, I present a Vakataka chronology somewhat different from the conventional one. In fact, such a revision is necessary if my analysis of the historical situation is to be valid. Chapter 6 Dandin's Visrutacarita and the Future of Harisena's Imperium 169 An analysis of Dandin's story of Prince Visruta, presented as a narrative, aimed at revealing the protagonist's motivations regarding his ultimate goal of taking over the power of the collapsing Vakataka house, and of establishing his own new dynasty on that ancient base. The reader will find justification for the arguments in Chapters 4 and 5. Chapter 7 Family Relationships bearing upon Ajanta's Short Chronology 179 Very shordy after the great emperor Harisena's death, his minister Varahadeva (donor of Ajanta Cave 16) took Harisena's grandchildren for safety to the court of their uncle (Harisena's "second son") at Mahismati, which was still resisting the assaults of the insurrectionist feudatories. Since Dandin, in the Dasakumaracarita, tells us that the granddaughter was "about thirteen years" old at the time, we can estimate that Harisena was roughly fifty years old when he died, probably at the hands of the Asmakas, in about 477; by the same token, the emperor would have been in his early thirties when Ajanta was started shordy after his accession. Chapter 8 "The Persian Embassy" 181 This innocent scene in fact a Buddhist Jataka tale in praise of kingship was the single even if unwilling source of the early but persistent misdating (by two centuries!) of Ajanta's great later phase. This chapter briefly considers how the confusion arose.
4 IX B THE SHOCK WAVE AND THE SITE Chapter 9 Ajanta Cave 1: Its Origins and its Aftermath Cave 1 is not only the most splendid vihara at the site indeed, in the whole of India but the course of its development must be understood if we are going understand what happened to the site as a whole. Its tragic abandonment foretells both the precipitous decline of the site and the destruction of the Vakataka empire itself. The fact that it was never dedicated bears directly upon the circumstances of the Harisena's death and the site's consequent collapse. Chapter 10 Ajanta's Latter Days: A Review 200 In 478, the troubled year after Harisena's death, first the "Vakataka" patrons, and then the Asmakas, gave up their longstanding patronage at the site, as a consequence of Harisena's death. But their reaction to this dire event and to the problems caused by Harisena's successor was quite different, as a study of their caves proves. Chapter 11 Understanding the Site's Collapse: The "Vakataka" Caves" 220 This chapter concentrates upon the earlier months of 478, after the emperor Harisena's death, during which the Asmakas rejected the Vakataka overlord, and put "Vakataka" patronage at the site in such sudden jeopardy, that these established patrons had to precipitously leave. Chapter 12 Understanding the Site's Collapse: The Asmaka Caves 272 The difference between the situation of the "Vakataka" patrons and those patrons under Asmaka "protection" illuminates the history of the difficult year, 478, at the end of which the Asmaka patrons also were forced to leave the site. Chapter 13 Caves Abandoned at the Time of Harisena's Death 315 These are the caves that were so incomplete when Harisena died that the patrons gave up on any attempt to get their shrine Buddhas finished. Because they were never dedicated, they contain no intrusions, even though there was much space available for such votive imagery. Chapter 14 Related Caves of the Vakatakas or their Feudatories 325 This is a survey of important related monuments (Aurangabad, Bagh, Banoti, Dharasiva, Ghatotkacha, Kanheri, Lonad in most of which patronage is severely affected or suddenly curtailed in the troubled year (478) after Harisena's death. Only Bagh, already, completed by that time, is not thus affected.
5 X Chapter 15 The Need for Study in Situ (Esp. Caves 17-20; 29) 366 This chapter, with particular attention to the caves of the local king, Upendragupta, attempts to show how an on-the-spot analysis contributes to an understanding of the various aspects of work at the site. It also explores a few of the telling relationships involving this special group of royal caves (17-20; 29); since work upon them ended in about 471, due to the defeat of Upendragupta by the Asmakas, they have had only cursory mention in the previous chapters of this volume, which focus on the events surrounding Harisena's death. Appendix I Visrutacarita of Dandin's Dasakumaracarita (Trans. Kale) 393 The reader should certainly have ready access to the relevant portion of this important text. The present author sees its eighth ucchvasa the account of Prince Visruta as having a startling and unexpected historicity. Even though it is richly fleshed out with compelling even if cautionary excursions into descriptions of the dangers of wine, women, and song, the bones of the story describe the events connected with the Vakataka collapse with such surprising precision that its author, Dandin, must have had first-hand knowledge of the unforgettable events described. Appendix II Inscriptions (16, 17, 26, Ghatotkacha) 412 These are the four long inscriptions of the major Vakataka patrons. The two inscriptions of the Prime Minister Varahadeva in Ajanta Cave 16 and the Ghatotkacha vihara and the Ajanta Cave 17 inscription of the local king, Upendragupta, have been translated by V. V. Mirashi. (See Mirashi 1963) The Cave 26 inscription of the monk Buddhabhadra, translated by Chhabra, is to be found in the fourth volume (text) of G. Yazdani's Ajanta (Yazdani, 1955) For a critical edition of these four records, see Volume II, Appendix: Inscriptions of Ajanta, by Richard S. Cohen, who provides a new reading and critical edition of all other inscriptions at the site, both Hinayana and Vakataka.
Art and Culture 1.7 Gupta Age Architecture (Caves Stupas and Sculptures) BY CIVIL JOINT.
Art and Culture 1.7 Gupta Age Architecture (Caves Stupas and Sculptures) BY CIVIL JOINT Gupta Age Emergence of the Gupta Empire in 4th century A.D. Golden period of the Indian Architecture Earlier Gupta:
More informationSETTING THE THREE JEWELS: THE COMPLEX CULTURE OF BUDDHISM AT THE AJAÕ Â CAVES
SETTING THE THREE JEWELS: THE COMPLEX CULTURE OF BUDDHISM AT THE AJAÕ Â CAVES by Richard Scott Cohen A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
More informationAjanta. an introduction. 31 rock cut monuments dating back to 2nd century BCE/BC; in Maharastra
Ajanta an introduction Ñ Ñ 31 rock cut monuments dating back to 2nd century BCE/BC; in Maharastra First sancturies [Chaitya Grihas] were built during Satavahana dynasty, in the canyons of the Waghora River.
More informationAncient Buddhists Created Cave Temples Full of Sculptures
Ancient Buddhists Created Cave Temples Full of Sculptures By Atlas Obscura, adapted by Newsela staff on 09.07.17 Word Count 718 Level 1000L Bhaja Caves are a group of 22 rock-cut caves dating back to 200
More informationStupas were burial mounds prevalent in India. The art of Stupas reached its climax during Ashokan period. Stupas belongs to Buddhist tradition.
0 Which of the following were the aims behind pillar inscriptions? Symbol of the State Commemorate battle victories Propagate imperial sermons Select the correct answer from the given codes. Answer : d
More informationArt and Culture 1.6 Post Mauryan Art(Rock-cut caves & Stupas Sculpture- Gandhara Mathura & Amaravati School BY CIVIL JOINT.
Art and Culture 1.6 Post Mauryan Art(Rock-cut caves & Stupas Sculpture- Gandhara Mathura & Amaravati School BY CIVIL JOINT Post Mauryan Art After the decline of the Mauryan Empire in 2 nd century BC, small
More informationArchitecture: From Ashoka to Gupta 3 rd century BCE to 5 th century CE
Architecture: From Ashoka to Gupta 3 rd century BCE to 5 th century CE 1 Don t forget the Met Museum Time-Line of art and culture http://www.metmuseum.org/ toah/ht/? period=05®ion=ssa Life of the Historic
More informationIndias First Empires. Terms and Names
India and China Establish Empires Indias First Empires Terms and Names Mauryan Empire First empire in India, founded by Chandragupta Maurya Asoka Grandson of Chandragupta; leader who brought the Mauryan
More informationThe spread of Buddhism In Central Asia
P2 CHINA The source: 3 rd century BCE, Emperor Asoka sent missionaries to the northwest of India (present-day Pakistan and Afghanistan). The missions achieved great success. Soon later, the region was
More informationIndia s First Empires
CHAPTER 7 Section 1 (pages 189 192) India s First Empires BEFORE YOU READ In the last section, you read about the influence of ancient Rome. In this section, you will read about the Mauryan and Gupta Empires
More informationBuddhism in China Despite centuries of commercial activity along the Silk Road, bringing Chinese goods to the Roman Empire and causing numerous cities and small independent states to flourish, knowledge
More informationCOPYRIGHT NOTICE Tilakaratne/Theravada Buddhism
COPYRIGHT NOTICE Tilakaratne/Theravada Buddhism is published by University of Hawai i Press and copyrighted, 2012, by University of Hawai i Press. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced
More informationConfucianism Daoism Buddhism. Eighth to third century B. C.E.
Confucianism Daoism Buddhism Origin Chinese Chinese Foreign Incipit Confucius, 551-479 B.C.E Orientation Lay Sociopolitical scope Dao/ Philosophy Political philosophy that sees the individual s primary
More informationAP ART HISTORY 2009 SCORING GUIDELINES
AP ART HISTORY 2009 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 1 1. Cultures designate sacred space in a variety of ways to accommodate both religious beliefs and practices. Select and fully identify two examples of
More informationGrade:6 History and Civics Ch:9 The Gupta Empire
Grade:6 History and Civics Ch:9 The Gupta Empire Short Question Answers 1) What is the meaning of Lexicography? Ans The process of compiling dictionaries. 2) Who repulsed the Hun invasion? AnsSkandagupta.
More informationIndian Civilization. Chapter Five: Ancient Civilizations of India and China. The Indus River Valley Civilization. Map 5.1
Chapter Five: Ancient Civilizations of India and China Map 5.1 Indian Civilization The Indus River Valley Civilization Mohenjo-daro Agriculture-based society (cotton) Centralization Ecological disasters
More information8/16/2016 (34) Buddhist Monasteries Buddhist art and culture, an introduction A beginner's guide to Asian art and culture Art of Asia Khan Academy
Buddhist Monasteries Share Tweet Email Why Monasteries? Standing Male Worshipper (votive figure), c. 2900-2600 B.C.E., Eshnunna (modern Tell Asmar, Iraq), gypsum alabaster, shell, black limestone, bitumen,
More informationHomework B: India and Southeast Asia
Name: Due Date: Homework B: India and Southeast Asia Please answer these questions as you read Chapter 3 of your textbook, which deals with Buddhist and Hindu art. There is a brief examination of Islamic
More informationPilate's Extended Dialogues in the Gospel of John: Did the Evangelist alter a written source?
Pilate's Extended Dialogues in the Gospel of John: Did the Evangelist alter a written source? By Gary Greenberg (NOTE: This article initially appeared on this web site. An enhanced version appears in my
More informationPerformance Task: Ancient Rome
Performance Task: Ancient Rome There are many reasons for the growth and decline of the power of Rome. Historians may argue about which reasons are most telling, but the basic facts are clear: Rome grew
More informationWINDMILL TOURS AND TRAVELS PVT. LTD. Footsteps Of Buddha
Footsteps Of Buddha The Mahabodhi Temple Rajgir is town situated in East of India where the air that surrounds its beautiful sceneries carries hints of spirituality and vibrant hues of history with links
More informationThe Consequences of Opposing Worldviews and Opposing Sources of Knowledge By: Rev. Dr. Matthew Richard
The Consequences of Opposing Worldviews and Opposing Sources of Knowledge By: Rev. Dr. Matthew Richard What happens when two individuals with two opposing worldviews (i.e., lenses) interact? Paul Hiebert
More informationMahayana Buddhism and Unitarianism
Mahayana Buddhism and Unitarianism Address given by Simon Ramsay on 24 January 2016 There are religious communities that have an outlook that can be aligned with our open way of perceiving spirituality
More informationIndian Empires: Mauryan and Gupta
Indian Empires: Mauryan and Gupta After a civilization falls, what impact does it have on history? How do belief systems unite or divide people? Geography Deccan Plateau, dry, sparsely populated Mountains
More informationLahore University of Management Sciences
HIST 215: Buddhist Art and Architecture in the Subcontinent Fall-17 Instructor Room No. Office Hours Email Telephone Secretary/TA TA Office Hours Course URL (if any) Nadhra Shahbaz Khan TBA Nadhra.shahbaz@lums.edu.pk
More informationArc India 301 Ajanta Site General View From South Over Wahgora River Gorge ACSAA Slide (C)AAAUM
Arc India 301 General View From South Over Wahgora River Gorge Arc India 302 Approach Up Wahgora River Gorge Arc India 303 Caves 1-14 From Wahgora River Bed Arc India 304 Caves 14-28 Seen From The Falls
More informationThe Islamic Empires Chapter 11
The Islamic Empires Chapter 11 Islam arose in the Arabian peninsula in the early 600 s Mecca Medina- Jerusalem Caliph-successor to Muhammad Divisions grow -->who should rule after Muhammad's death Sunni
More informationReading Essentials and Study Guide
Lesson 1 The Protestant Reformation ESSENTIAL QUESTION What conditions can encourage the desire for reform? Reading HELPDESK Academic Vocabulary fundamental basic or essential external outward or observable
More informationApplication to. Content Area Textbooks. Anita L. Archer, Ph.D
Application to Content Area Textbooks Anita L. Archer, Ph.D 1 Before Passage Reading Interventions During Passage Reading Interventions After Passage Reading Interventions Before, During, and After Passage
More informationNEHRU GRAM BHARTI VISHWAVIDYALAYA. Kotwa-Jamunipur-Dubawal ALLAHABAD SYLLABUS. (Revised 2016)
NEHRU GRAM BHARTI VISHWAVIDYALAYA Kotwa-Jamunipur-Dubawal ALLAHABAD SYLLABUS (Revised 2016) DEPARTMENT OF ANCIENT HISTORY, CULTURE AND ARCHAEOLOGY FOR UNDER GRADUATE CLASSES (1) COURSE STRUCTURE B.A. Part
More informationSection 3. Empires of China and India. The Mauryan Empire
The Mauryan Empire Many small kingdoms existed across India in 300s BC Each kingdom had own ruler; no central authority united them Magadha a dominant kingdom near Ganges Strong leader, Chandragupta Maurya
More informationSubject Area: World History
DESCRIPTION #3618 THE HUNS Grade Levels: 8-13+ 26 minutes AMBROSE VIDEO PUBLISHING 1998 ACADEMIC STANDARDS Subject Area: World History An unknown warrior tribe from an unknown land suddenly appeared in
More informationCLASSICAL INDIA FROM THE MAURYANS TO THE GUPTAS
CLASSICAL INDIA FROM THE MAURYANS TO THE GUPTAS RISE OF MAURYAN EMPIRE Ganges Republics Prior to Alexander, kshatriyan republics dominated, vied for power Maghda was one of the most dominant Western Intrusions
More information1 st Buddhist Council led by the Buddha s cousin Ananda
1 st Buddhist Council led by the Buddha s cousin Ananda Sattapanni Cave Mahakashyapa exemplary Buddhist spoke for Siddhartha The Buddhist Creed I take refuge in the Buddha I take refuge in the Dharma I
More informationBUDDHIST STUDIES THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF. Volume Number 2 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BUDDHIST STUDIES EDITOR-IN-CHIEF A. K. Narain University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA EDITORS L. M.Joshi Punjabi University Patiala, India Alexander W. Macdonald
More informationIntroduction to Indian Art An Appreciation Prof. Soumik Nandy Majumdar Department of History of Art Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur
Introduction to Indian Art An Appreciation Prof. Soumik Nandy Majumdar Department of History of Art Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur Module 03 Early Buddhist Art: Bharhut, Sanchi & Amaravathi Stupa
More informationConservation of Buddhist Cultural Heritage in India : A Need
Conservation of Buddhist Cultural Heritage in India : A Need 191 Conservation of Buddhist Cultural Heritage in India : A Need Ritesh P. Ovhal PhD. candidate of University of Pune, India Introduction Dhammadāyādā
More informationCornelia Fortunata, Tomi. 2 nd Century CE. Sunday, February 27, 2011
Cornelia Fortunata, Tomi. 2 nd Century CE Sunday, February 27, 2011 In order to protect the funerary monument listed above, the following authors have contributed to this detailed report: Brian Chu and
More informationIndian Empires: Mauryan and Gupta
Indian Empires: Mauryan and Gupta After a civilization falls, what impact does it have on history? How do belief systems unite or divide people? Geography Deccan Plateau, dry, sparsely populated Mountains
More informationChapter 18 The Achievements of the Gupta Empire. Why is the period during the Gupta Empire known as the golden age?
Chapter 18 The Achievements of the Gupta Empire 18.1. Introduction Why is the period during the Gupta Empire known as the golden age? Richard T. Nowitz/Corbis In this Ajanta cave, richly colored paintings
More informationChapter 10: Section 1 Main Ideas
Chapter 10: Section 1 Main Ideas Main Idea #1: Islam was created by Muhammad in 570 ACE Main Idea #2: Islam is monotheistic, Allah is God, Quran is the sacred text of Islam, and Prophets were Abraham,
More informationIS GOD "SIGNIFICANTLY FREE?''
IS GOD "SIGNIFICANTLY FREE?'' Wesley Morriston In an impressive series of books and articles, Alvin Plantinga has developed challenging new versions of two much discussed pieces of philosophical theology:
More informationActa Theologica 2005: 1 Signs of the times A review of MARK HUTCHINSON, IRON IN OUR BLOOD, A HISTORY OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN NSW,
Signs of the times A review of MARK HUTCHINSON, IRON IN OUR BLOOD, A HISTORY OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN NSW, 1788-2001 Ferguson Publications and the Centre for the Study of Australian Christianity,
More informationReading Essentials and Study Guide
Lesson 5 The Byzantine Empire ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS How can religion impact a culture? What factors lead to the rise and fall of empires? Reading HELPDESK Academic Vocabulary legal relating to law; founded
More informationA Christian Response to Islamic Extremism Romans 12: /24/2016
A Christian Response to Islamic Extremism Romans 12:14-21 4/24/2016 We re in the midst of a sermon series on the issues that divide us. Again I am using resources from Pastor Adam Hamilton of Church of
More informationMISCELLANEOUS. MAHAYANA DOCTRINE AND ART.' ON THE STORY "AMITABHA." From Griffith's Paititings in the Aj'antd Caves.
. COMMENTS MISCELLANEOUS. MAHAYANA DOCTRINE AND ART.' ON THE STORY "AMITABHA." The story Amiidbha is the third in a series of short tales explanatory of Buddhism. The first of them, Karma, treats of Buddhist
More informationThesis Statement. What is a Thesis Statement? What is a Thesis Statement Not?
Thesis Statement What is a Thesis Statement? A thesis statement is an argument that clearly states the point of view of the author, and outlines how the author intends to support his or her argument. The
More informationliterature? In her lively, readable contribution to the Wiley-Blackwell Literature in Context
SUSAN CASTILLO AMERICAN LITERATURE IN CONTEXT TO 1865 (Wiley-Blackwell, 2010) xviii + 185 pp. Reviewed by Yvette Piggush How did the history of the New World influence the meaning and the significance
More informationINTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR CULTURE
INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR CULTURE March 3, 2015 Dear Friend: For more than twenty-five years, the International Institute for Culture (IIC) has organized a summer program in Spanish language instruction
More informationReflections on Prayer
Reflections on Prayer Prayer: A Leader s First Priority John F. Smed* * John Smed was born and raised in Calgary, Alberta and has served in church planting for thirty-five years, seven of which were as
More information1. Introduction. 2. The Rise of the Gupta Empire
1. Introduction Under the Mauryan Empire, India was unified for the first time and Buddhist beliefs became widespread. In this chapter, you will explore the next great empire to unite India. It was called
More informationMauryan, Kūshan, &Gupta Empire India
Mauryan, Kūshan, &Gupta Empire India Background Indus Valley Civilization (Harappan) 2 Major Cities: Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro 2 Major Rivers: Indus & Ganges River Seasonal monsoons brought water to crops
More informationINDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL CENTRE FOR THE ARTS Janpath, New Delhi ,
INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL CENTRE FOR THE ARTS Janpath, New Delhi -110 001, www.ignca.gov.in Documentation format for Archaeological / Heritage Sites / Monuments Serial No.: OR / KDA/ BSR- 235 1. Name SECTION
More informationCHAPTER TWELVE Reunification and Renaissance in Chinese Civilization: The Era of the Tang and Song Dynasties
CHAPTER TWELVE Reunification and Renaissance in Chinese Civilization: The Era of the Tang and Song Dynasties World Civilizations, The Global Experience AP* Edition, 5th Edition Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert
More informationThe Pillars of Ashoka. Share Tweet
The Pillars of Ashoka Share Tweet Email Ashokan pillar, c. 279 B.C.E. - 232 B.C.E, Vaishali, India (where Buddha preached his last sermon). Photo: Rajeev Kumar, CC: BY- SA 2.5) A Buddhist king What happens
More informationDear Dr. McKetta: I look forward to your comments about my essay and welcome any suggestion for improvements. Best regards, Student
Dear Dr. McKetta: Attached is Essay 1.2. The idea of the essay is to explain how The Emperor s New Clothes forces readers to question (1) what is a true belief (especially one propagated by a political
More informationThe Story Which Defines Us Palm Sunday Sermon April 9, 2017 Philippians 2: 5 11 McCormick United Methodist Church, McCormick, SC Paul A. Wood, Jr.
The Story Which Defines Us Palm Sunday Sermon April 9, 2017 Philippians 2: 5 11 McCormick United Methodist Church, McCormick, SC Paul A. Wood, Jr. Have you heard of Alexander the Great? I guess we all
More informationChapter 16: The Reformation in Europe, Lesson 1: The Protestant Reformation
Chapter 16: The Reformation in Europe, 1517 1600 Lesson 1: The Protestant Reformation World History Bell Ringer #55 2-23-18 What does the word reform mean? It Matters Because The humanist ideas of the
More informationMauryan art and architecture ; All important facts(upsc PRELIMS 2017,Ancient History )
Mauryan art and architecture ; All important facts(upsc PRELIMS 2017,Ancient History ) Mauryan art and architecture We have tried to summarize all the important aspects related to Mauryan art and architecture,
More informationAssessment: The Achievements of the Gupta Empire
Name Date Assessment: The Achievements of the Gupta Empire 1. What happened on the Indian subcontinent in the time period between the Mauryan and Gupta empires? A. It went through a golden age. B. It experienced
More informationHorizons Bible Study. Journeys Through Revelation: Apocalyptic Hope for Today. Lesson Summaries by Louise Lawson Johnson
1 2010 2011 Horizons Bible Study Journeys Through Revelation: Apocalyptic Hope for Today Lesson Summaries by Louise Lawson Johnson These summaries are pulled from each lesson of the 2010 2011 Horizons
More informationBentley Chapter 14 Study Guide: The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia
Name Date Period Bentley Chapter 14 Study Guide: The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia Eyewitness: Xuanzang: A Young Monk Hits the Road (p. 281-282) 1. Who was Xuanzang, what was the purpose of his travels,
More informationMalachi 2:17-3:5 No: 16 Week: 235 Tuesday 16/03/10. Prayer. Bible passage Malachi 2:17-3:5. Prayer Suggestions. Meditation
Malachi 2:17-3:5 No: 16 Week: 235 Tuesday 16/03/10 Prayer Lord God Almighty, You have shown us the true heart of a servant in Jesus Christ our Lord. May we show care and compassion in tending to the needs
More informationWorld Religions. Section 3 - Hinduism and Buddhism. Welcome, Rob Reiter. My Account Feedback and Support Sign Out. Choose Another Program
Welcome, Rob Reiter My Account Feedback and Support Sign Out Choose Another Program Home Select a Lesson Program Resources My Classes 3 - World Religions This is what your students see when they are signed
More informationClassical India. A Z.S. Crossen Production
Classical India A Z.S. Crossen Production Chapter 3 Summary The Framework for Indian History: Geography and the Formative Period Patterns in Classical India Political Institutions Religion and Culture
More informationAPWH chapter 12.notebook October 31, 2012
Chapter 12 Mongols The Mongols were a pastoral people who lived north of China. They traveled with their herds of animals which provided meat, milk, clothing, and shelter. Typically, they never had any
More informationW h y D id Ikeda Q u it?
W h y D id Ikeda Q u it? Daniel A. M e t r a u x The news was startling and entirely unexpected. Effective 24 A p r il1979, Ikeda Daisaku, the powerful president of Soka Gakkai, abruptly resigned. The
More informationChapter 1 Buddhism (Part 2).
Chapter 1 Buddhism (Part 2). There is suffering. There is the cause of suffering. There is the end of suffering. There is the path to the end of suffering. These Four Noble Truths teach suffering and the
More informationChapter 18: The Achievement of the Gupta Empire. Learning Target: : I can explain why the Gupta Empire is known as the golden age.
Chapter 18: The Achievement of the Gupta Empire Learning Target: : I can explain why the Gupta Empire is known as the golden age. Introduction Under the Mauryan Empire, India was unified for the first
More informationEast Asia. China, Korea, Vietnam and Japan
East Asia China, Korea, Vietnam and Japan China 600-1200 CE Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties During this period, Chinese dynasties brought about significant improvements in food production and distribution,
More informationThe So-Called Kalacuri Monuments
The So-Called Kalacuri Monuments A RECONSIDERATION OF THE SO-CALLED KALACURI MONUMENTS OF THE DECCAN AND KONKAN By JACK C. LAUGHLIN, B.A. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial
More informationVocabulary (Pgs )
Vocabulary (Pgs 194-216) Himalayas Monsoons Sanskrit Raja Caste Guru Hinduism Brahman Reincarnation Dharma Karma Buddhism Nirvana Theocracy Dynasty Stupa Pilgrim First Civilizations The first Indian civilizations
More informationm S. co IA ac k cr www.pib.nic.in 2018-08-01 The Walled City of Jaipur, Rajasthan, India is the next proposed site for UNESCO World Heritage recognition: Dr. Mahesh Sharma Ministry of Culture The Walled
More informationthe Mauryan Empire. Rise of the Maurya Empire
DUE 02/22/19 Name: Lesson Three - Ancient India Empires (Mauryan and Gupta) 6.28 Describe the growth of the Maurya Empire and the political and moral achievements of the Emperor Asoka. 6.29 Identify the
More informationTextual Criticism Vocabulary and Grammar Boundaries Flow of the text Literary Context
Mark 10.46-53 The Language of the Text Textual Criticism There are no significant text critical issues with this text. In verse 47 there are manuscripts with alternate spellings of!"#"$%&!'. Codex Bezae
More informationSurvey of Daniel. by Duane L. Anderson
Survey of Daniel by Duane L. Anderson Survey of Daniel A study of the book of Daniel for Small Group or Personal Bible Study AIBI Resources Box 511 Norwalk, California 90651-0511 www.aibi.org Copyright
More information1. What is the term for what the Hindus believe is the single God in the universe?
IV. SOCIETY IN ANCIENT INDIA A. The Caste System 1. What did the caste system determine for a person in India? 2. List the five major castes AND the types of jobs they would do. B. The Family in Ancient
More informationIASbaba.com. Post Mauryan Trends in Indian Art and Architecture
Post Mauryan Trends in Indian Art and Architecture From the second century BCE onwards, various rulers established their control over the vast Mauryan Empire: the Shungas, Kanvas, Kushanas and Guptas in
More informationSurvey of The Book of Revelation
Survey of The Book of Revelation Revelation is written in "apocalyptic" form a type of Jewish literature that uses symbolic imagery to communicate hope (in the ultimate triumph of God) to those in the
More informationDaniel and His Friends: Opting for Faithfulness LESSON ONE. Daniel 1. Daniel 1
FOCAL TEXT Daniel 1 BACKGROUND Daniel 1 MAIN IDEA Daniel and his friends chose to demonstrate their faithfulness to God rather than accept the tempting offer extended by the Babylonian Empire. QUESTION
More informationMichael Dukakis lost the 1988 presidential election because he failed to campaign vigorously after the Democratic National Convention.
2/21/13 10:11 AM Developing A Thesis Think of yourself as a member of a jury, listening to a lawyer who is presenting an opening argument. You'll want to know very soon whether the lawyer believes the
More informationActivity: Buddhism Play
Activity: Buddhism Play There are not many people in the world who do not want to be happy. In our lives at some stage we have all felt some level of pain and suffering. How can we ever be free from it?
More information6D5N HIGHLIGHTS OF YANGON MANDALAY PYIN OO LWIN
6D5N HIGHLIGHTS OF YANGON MANDALAY PYIN OO LWIN 2N YANGON 2N MANDALAY 1N PYIN OO LWIN Explore major attractions in Myanmar. You will visit Yangon, Mandalay, Pyin Oo Lwin and surrounding area by a private
More informationRatios: How many Patrons per Client Community? How many Client Communities per Patron? highly speculative, but perhaps of interest...
Supplementary Note to Chapter 7 Ratios: How many Patrons per Client Community? How many Client Communities per Patron? highly speculative, but perhaps of interest... ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
More informationMonday, November I can explain how the major beliefs of Brahmanism evolved into Hinduism.
Monday, November 16 6.25 I can explain how the major beliefs of Brahmanism evolved into Hinduism. Religions of Ancient India Chapter 6.2 Origins of Hinduism One of the world s oldest 3 rd largest religion
More informationBuddhism in Japan. Although the Japanese borrowed Chinese traditions, they also had different orientations and different needs.
Buddhism in Japan Buddhism entered Japan as early as 535 from Korea, at a time when the Japanese were suffering from some of the same difficulties the Chinese had experienced a few centuries earlier, during
More informationAttracting the Heart: Social Relations and the Aesthetics of Emotion in Sri Lankan Monastic Culture
Journal of Buddhist Ethics ISSN 1076-9005 http://www.buddhistethics.org/ Volume 18, 2011 Attracting the Heart: Social Relations and the Aesthetics of Emotion in Sri Lankan Monastic Culture Reviewed by
More informationEUROPEAN MIDDLE AGES 476 AD 1500 AD
EUROPEAN MIDDLE AGES 476 AD 1500 AD The slaw decline of the Roman Empire marked the beginning of a new era in European history. This period is called the Middle Ages. It lasted from around 500 to 1500.
More informationWHEN THE BOOK WAS WRITTEN-
1 SAMUEL (Student Edition) Part One: (1:1-7:17) I. The First Transition of National Leadership: Eli-Samuel 1:1-3:21 A. The Birth of the New Leader 1:1-2:11 B. The Need of the New Leader 2:12-2:36 C. The
More informationStrategic Plan
Strategic Plan 2011-16 Contents Preamble Page 1 Strategic Framework Our Mission Page 2 Our Vision Page 2 Our Values Page 3 Situational Analysis Planning Assumptions Page 4 Environmental Scan Page 5 The
More informationARHA 285 : Art and Architecture of India to 1500 (Fall 2012) Instructor: Phil Wagoner
ARHA 285 : Art and Architecture of India to 1500 (Fall 2012) Instructor: Phil Wagoner Meets Monday and Friday 1:10 2:30 PM office: 41 Wyllys Ave., Room 311 41 Wyllys Ave., Room 112 phone: x3779 pwagoner@wesleyan.edu
More informationStation 1: Geography
Station 1: Geography DIRECTIONS: 1. Make sure to have your PINK Religions packet and stations workbook 2. Read the passage about the geography of Buddhism 3. Shade in Buddhism (with a different color than
More informationEuropean Middle Ages,
European Middle Ages, 500 1200 Charlemagne unites the Germanic kingdoms, the feudal system emerges, and the Church strongly influences the lives of people in Europe. King Charlemagne, in style of Albrecht
More information13.1 Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms. Many Germanic kingdoms that succeeded the Roman Empire are reunited under Charlemagne s empire.
13.1 Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms Many Germanic kingdoms that succeeded the Roman Empire are reunited under Charlemagne s empire. Invasions of Western Europe Effects of Constant Invasions and Warfare
More informationOld Testament Survey Sid Buzzell
Old Testament Survey Sid Buzzell Group Exercises: Leader Guide - Welcome to s (ODBCU) Old Testament survey course. In this course, ODBCU provides the content of the Old Testament survey through online
More informationSection I: The Question:
Guided Document Analysis Questions 2004 DBQ: Buddhism in China Name Section I: The Question: Based on the following documents, analyze the responses to the spread of Buddhism in China. What additional
More informationThis article appeared in the June 2006 edition of The Lutheran.
This article appeared in the June 2006 edition of The Lutheran. Lutheranism 101 Culture or confession? What does it mean to be Lutheran? For many in the ELCA who've grown up Lutheran, religious identity
More informationFigure 2. Site plan of Takht-i-Bāhī monastic complex on the central spur during the excavation (Photo from Hargreaves 1914: pl. XVII).
1 Takht-i-Bāhī by Wannaporn Rienjang is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. If you are citing this introductory essay, please incorporate
More informationPhotos and text by Yong Luo
Photo Essay: Guanyin Worship among the Thai Chinese Photos and text by Yong Luo Introduction Guanyin came to Thailand with Chinese immigrants and has since been worshipped among the Thai-Chinese. Guanyin
More informationThis is a sourcebook of Roman texts for readers of the New Testament. It is a supplement to one s reading of the New Testament, a tool to prompt
Introduction to Roman Imperial Texts: A Sourcebookok This is a sourcebook of Roman texts for readers of the New Testament. It is a supplement to one s reading of the New Testament, a tool to prompt consideration
More information