Group 2. Members: Benjamine Antiporda, Andrew Ching, Lorenzo Chua, Angelo Lumbao, Kotaro Ryuto and Jerry Tan.

Transcription

1 Group 2 Members: Benjamine Antiporda, Andrew Ching, Lorenzo Chua, Angelo Lumbao, Kotaro Ryuto and Jerry Tan.

2 India: A Culture Shaped by Two Religions /Gandhi and his non-violent struggle and connect it to Ninoy Aquino s struggle

3 Contribution of Buddhism: Development of Language and Literature Character Building Growth of Art and Architecture Influence on History National Unity Emancipation of Women Monastery System 4 Noble Truths

4 Contributions of Buddhism: Development of Language and Literature - Gautam Buddha preached his ideas in simple languages. From the beginning he was using Prakriti language. With the gradual march of time, Sanskrit became the medium of preaching Buddhism. In this way, language developed.

5 Contributions of Buddhism: Character Building - Buddhism taught many good qualities like truth non-violence, nonpossession, compassion, brotherhood etc. All these virtues were meant to build up human character. These qualities were largely cultivated by the people in the society. The society grew with noble thought. The people by building their character helped in the creation of a healthy society.

6 Contributions of Buddhism: Growth of Art and Architecture - Buddhism went a long way in contributing the growth of art and architecture. For the first time Asoka sued rock to create art and architecture. Many stupas, Chiatyas and Pillars were constructed on rock. Sanchi, Saranath, Dhauli, Kanheri, Mathura, Gandhara bore the imprint of Buddhist art and architecture which grew from time to time.

7 Contributions of Buddhism: Influence on History - Buddhism exerted its influence on the course of Indian history. The land of Kalinga changed Chandasoka to Dharmasoka Buddhism also attracted Kaniska and Harshavardhan. Mahatma Gandhi also learnt the lesson of Ahimsa from Buddhism and started the struggle for freedom against the Britishraj by following the path of nonviolence

8 Contributions of Buddhism: National Unity - Buddhism spread in the nook and comer of India It fostered the idea of national unity and integrity. Asoka, Kanishka and Harshavardhan became the ardent champion of nationalism and they tried to unite India under one umbrella. This was followed by the Moughals and also by the British. Thus, Buddhism undoubtedly brought national unity.

9 Contributions of Buddhism: Emancipation of Women - Buddha was the incarnation of mercy. In his monastic order he also received nuns. By this he made a noble attempt for bringing the social emancipation of women. Now the women did not consider themselves as inferior to man. In every sense, Buddha was responsible for the upliftment of the women.

10 Contribution of Buddhism: Monastery System - The Buddhist monasteries played vital role in Indian culture. The Buddhist monks and nuns stayed in those monasteries. For the first time, democratic procedure was found inside a Buddhist monastery. The head of the monastery was elected not by selection but by vote which exhibited democratic spirit. Later on, the Hindus also followed this system. Sankaracharya set up four maths in four parts of India. Later on, others followed this system. It was possible due to the contribution of Buddhism.

11 Contributions of Buddhism: 4 NOBLE TRUTHS Suffering was caused by human desires Only renouncing desire could suffering be eliminated World is full of suffering The way to salvation was through the eightfold path

12 Contribution of Jainism: Growth of Language and Literature: From the Vedic period two different currents of thought and ways of life known as Brahman culture and Sramana culture are prevalent in India. The Sramana culture is mainly represented by the Jainas and the Buddhists and of them the Jainas were the first to propagate that culture. The most valuable contributions have been made by the Jainas to the Indian scientific and technical literature on various subjects like logic, philosophy, poetics, grammar, lexicography, astronomy, astrology, geography, mathematics and medicine.

13 Contribution of Jainism: Principle of Non-Violence: 24 th Tirthankar Mahavira Swami was the embodiment of peace. He was the preacher of non-violence. He rejected the Vedic rituals and taught to be kind and humane to the animals. His concept of non-violence largely influenced the course of Indian history.

14 Contribution of Jainism: Jainism contributed a lot for the growth of trading community. At first, Jainism became popular among the traders and merchants. The merchants became rich and got a special position in the society. Owing to their wealth and fame they came closer to ruling class. The cooperation between them brought stability in the society.

15 Contribution of Jainism: ARTS AND ARCHITECTURE Along with literature the Jainas have always contributed considerably to the development of arts in the country. The Jainas have taxed their mite to enhance the glory of India in several branches of arts. Compared with their number their contributions appear to be very imposing and distinctive. In this regard, it is quite clear that more than any other religion in India, the Jainas have displayed their intense love of the picturesque while selecting the sites for the construnction of their sacred buildings like temples, temple cities, cave temples, stupas, pillars and towers. They have erected their temples either on lonely hill tops or in deep and secluded valleys.

16 Contribution of Jainism: POLITICAL PROGRESS The Jainas also distinguished themselves in giving their unstinted support for the improvement of political and ecomonic life in the country. The Jainas, especially in Southern and Western India, produced a large number of eminent and efficient monarchs, ministers, and generals and thereby contributed to maintain and improve the political importance of people.

17 Contributions of Gandhi: Non Co-operation Movement(1922) To make people aware that British rule can be opposed by protesting and not adopting. This however failed because of the clash between police and the people.

18 Contributions of Gandhi: Salt March of Civil Disobedience Movement (1930) - Gandhi wanted to oppose the ban the law of Indians making salt. - Gandhi and his followers made salt and challenged the British to stop them. - Word was spread throughout India and this was a great redemption from the failed non co-operative movement.

19 Salt March or Civil Disobedience Movement (1930)

20 Contributions of Gandhi: Quit India Movement (1942) -Gandhi gave the Do or Die speech in Mumbai s Gowalia Tank. -Several national leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Abdul Kalam Azad, Jawaharlal Nehru and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel were arrested. -The Congress was declared an unlawful association, leaders were arrested and its offices all over the country were raided and their funds were frozen. -The first half of the movement was peaceful with demonstrations and processions. The peaceful protest was carried till Mahatma Gandhi s release. -The second half of the movement was violent with raids and setting fire at post offices, government buildings and railway stations. Lord Linlithgow adopted the policy of violence. -The final phase of the movement was marked on September 1942 where mobs getting together and bombings in government places of Mumbai and Madhya Pradesh. -The British refused to grant immediate independence and stated that it could only be granted after the war ended. Finally, India got their independence in 1947.

21 Quit India Movement (1942)

22 comparison

23 People Power Revolution (1986)