KEY TERMS. darçana. varëa Varna. yajïa Yajna. çruti Shruti. brahman Brahman. ätman Atman. dharma Dharma. karma Karma. 1. dzrn. Darshana. 2. v[r. 3.

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1 Final Exam ReviewC1 KEY TERMS 1. dzrn darçana Darshana 2. v[r varëa Varna 3. y} yajïa Yajna 4. ïuit çruti Shruti 5. äün! brahman Brahman 6. AaTmn! ätman Atman 7. xmr dharma Dharma 8. kmr karma Karma

2 Final Exam ReviewC2 9. s<sar saàsära Samsara 10. mae] mokña Moksha 11. àk«it prakåti Prakriti 12. pué; puruña Purusha 13. maya mäyä Maya 14. Aiv*a avidyä Avidya 15. Xyan dhyäna Dhyana 16. laekayt Lokäyata Lokayata

3 Final Exam ReviewC3 17. ijn jina Jina 18. jiv jéva Jiva 19. Aih~sa ahiðsä Ahimsa 20. àtitysmutpad pratétya samutpäda Pratitya Samutpada 21. AnaTmn! anätman Anatman 22. AinTy anitya Anitya 23. Ê>o duùkha Duhkha 24. t&:[a tåñëä Trishna

4 Final Exam ReviewC4 25. invar[ nirväëa Nirvana 26. AhRt! arhat Arhat 27. à}a prajïä Prajna 28. ké[a karuëä Karuna 29. SkNx skandha Skandha 30. gu[ guëa Guna 31. såv sattva Sattva 32. rjs! rajas Rajas

5 Final Exam ReviewC5 33. tms! tamas Tamas 34. àa[ayam präëäyäma Pranayama 35. smaix samädhi Samadhi 36. Avtar avatära Avatara 37. içmuit trimürti Trimurti 38. inmar[kay nirmäëakäya Nirmanakaya 39. sméaegkay sambhogakäya Sambhogakaya 40. xmrkay dharmakäya Dharmakaya

6 Final Exam ReviewC6 41. baeixsåv bodhisattva Bodhisattva 42. zunyta çünyatä Shunyata 43. k {filni kuëdaliné Kundalini 44. saxk sädhaka Sadhaka 45. sgu[ äün! saguëa brahman Saguna Brahman 46. ingur[ äün! nirguëa brahman Nirguna Brahman 47. sitctannd satcitänanda Sat-Chit-Ananda 48. jivnmú jévanmukta Jivanmukta

7 Final Exam ReviewC7 QUESTIONS 1. What is the primary concern of the Upanishads which can then be said to frame all of Vedic, or orthodox, Indian philosophy? How is this primary concern summed up in the secret teaching Naciketas learns from Yama (Death) in the Katha Upanishad? How does the famous utterance tat tvam asi from the Chandogya Upanishad sum up the underlying vision of the Upanishads? 2. How does the Jain view of the soul, the problem of karma, and their conception of moksha and the path to moksha differ from the orthodox teaching of the Upanishads? What Jain teaching has had the most enduring impact upon the development of Indian philosophy and culture? 3. How does the central Buddhist doctrine of Pratityasamutpada challenge the orthodox teachings of the Upanishads? How does the Buddhist teachings of anatman and anitya follow from this central doctrine of Buddhism? 4. Explain the Four Noble Truths taught by the Buddha in his first sermon and how they might be understood in terms of a physician s diagnosis and prescription. How does the Buddhist notion of enlightenment, as indicated by the term nirvana (nibbana) contrast and compare with the notion of moksha in the Upanishads? 5. How does the Samkhya vision of reality differ from Advaita Vedanta? How is liberation conceived in Samkhya philosophy and how is this conception of enlightenment revealed in the opening of Patanjali s Yoga Sutras? 6. What is the setting of the Bhagavad Gita and what is the dilemma faced by Arjuna? How does Krishna respond to Arjuna s dilemma? 7. What aspects of Samkhya teachings are brought forth in the Bhagavad Gita? 8. What are the distinctive teachings of Mahayana Buddhism which marks its departure from the earlier Theravada Buddhism? 9. What is the central teaching of the Prajnaparamita Sutras and how did Nagarjuna explain this doctrine as following from the central doctrine of Buddhism and thus consistent with the middle path taught by the Buddha? 10. How might Nagarjuna s teaching concerning nirvana perhaps suggest a radical revolution in Indian philosophy? 11. What are some of the main themes of the Tantric tradition and how does this tradition contrast, in general, with the teachings of orthodox Indian philosophy? What is the common theme which suggests how the Tantric tradition may have developed out of Mahayana Buddhism? 12. What are the main differences between Shankara, Ramanuja, and Madva s understandings of Vedanta?

Cambridge International Advanced and Advanced Subsidiary Level 9014 Hinduism November 2010 Principal Examiner Report for Teachers

HINDUISM Cambridge International Advanced and Advanced Subsidiary Level Paper 9014/01 Paper 1 GENERAL COMMENTS Most of the questions were well understood and answers showed evidence of study. This examination