UNIVERSIDAD LIBRE DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS BÁSICAS GUIA N 3

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1 UNIVERSIDAD LIBRE FACULTAD DE INGENIERÌA DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS BÁSICAS GUIA N 3 NOMBRE DE LA ASIGNATURA: Ingles TÍTULO: Modal verbs DURACIÓN: 2 sesiones BIBLIOGRAFÍA SUGERIDA: English book levels 3 and 4, A Practical English Gramar (OXFORD) AUTOR: Universidad Libre HABILIDADES A DESARROLLAR Expresar avisos, obligaciones deberes y dar recomendaciones. CONCEPTUALIZACIÓN Modal verbs Modal verbs are special verbs which behave very differently from normal verbs. Here are some important differences: 1. Modal verbs do not take "-s" in the third person. Examples: He can speak Chinese. She should be here by 9: You use "not" to make modal verbs negative, even in Simple Present and Simple Past. Examples: He should not be late. They might not come to the party.

2 3. Many modal verbs cannot be used in the past tenses or the future tenses. Examples: He will can go with us. Not Correct She musted study very hard. Not Correct Common Modal Verbs Can Could Must May Might Ought to Shall Should Have to Will Would Had better "Ought to" is used to advise or make recommendations. "Ought to" also expresses assumption or expectation as well as strong probability, often with the idea that something is deserved. "Ought not" (without "to") is used to advise against doing something, although Americans prefer the less formal forms "should not" or "had better not." "Must" is most commonly used to express certainty. It can also be used to express necessity or strong recommendation, although native speakers prefer the more flexible form "have to." "Must not" can be used to prohibit actions, but this sounds very severe; speakers prefer to use softer modal verbs such as "should not" or "ought not" to dissuade rather than prohibit.

3 "Have to" is used to express certainty, necessity, and obligation. "Should" is most commonly used to make recommendations or give advice. It can also be used to express obligation as well as expectation. "Had better" is most commonly used to make recommendations. It can also be used to express desperate hope as well as warn people. Ejemplos tipo Examples: You ought to stop smoking. RECOMMENDATION Jim ought to get the promotion. IT IS EXPECTED BECAUSE HE DESERVES IT. This stock ought to increase in value. PROBABILITY Mark ought not drink so much. ADVICE AGAINST SOMETHING (NOTICE THERE IS NO "TO") This must be the right address! CERTAINTY Students must pass an entrance examination to study at this school. NECESSITY You must take some medicine for that cough. STRONG RECOMMENDATION Jenny, you must not play in the street! PROHIBITION This answer has to be correct. CERTAINTY The soup has to be stirred continuously to prevent burning. NECESSITY They have to leave early. OBLIGATION When you go to Berlin, you should visit the palaces in Potsdam. RECOMMENDATION You should focus more on your family and less on work. ADVICE I really should be in the office by 7:00 AM. OBLIGATION By now, they should already be in Dubai. EXPECTATION You had better take your umbrella with you today. RECOMMENDATION That bus had better get here soon! DESPERATE HOPE You had better watch the way you talk to me in the future! WARNING

4 Taken from: Ejercicios Propuestos 1. Complete the sentences below using must or a form of have to. Example: You light a naked flame near the gas pumps. a) don't have to b) must not - The answer is: b) must not Victoria wake up at 4:00 in the morning yesterday. a) had to b) must 2. I strongly believe that they should ask permission. a) have to b) must 3. Can reliably predict an earthquake? a) anyone b) anywhere 4. When I was young, I do many things for myself. a) didn't have to b) must not 5. While operating a motor vehicle, you drink and drive. a) don't have to b) must not 6. Why a new year come for us to make changes in our lives? a) has to b) must 7. You wear a tie, but you can wear one if you want to. a) don't have to b) must not 8. The weather became so severe that all of the workers be sent home. a) had to b) must 9. Bill see everything at once because he can always visit again. a) doesn't have to b) must not 10. all of the current assumptions about the universe one day be revised? a) Have to b) Must

5 2. Complete the sayings and proverbs below using the clauses in the box. Use (should/ oght to) Example: should apologize Jill to Mark for being late. Answer: Jill should apologize to Mark for being late. 1. Ought Mary to clean up the mess she made. clean up the mess she made. 2. opposite the Shouldn't of zero be everything? of zero be everything? 3. look should Everyone at the stars from time to time. at the stars from time to time. 4. should We have a plan when the going gets difficult. when the going gets difficult. 5. turn we whom To should for inspiration and wisdom? for inspiration and wisdom? 6. study if ought Dan to more he wants to pass the exam. he wants to pass the exam. 7. to ought You worry not about things you can't change. things you can't change. 8. schools that Some think should things offer parenting classes. offer parenting classes. 9. ought Vegetables to canned be while they're still fresh. while they're still fresh. 10. do you Don't say something to ought unless you can actually do it. unless you can actually do it. READING Pre- reading Answer the following question: What must you do to live healthy?

6 Take out the cognates words Death is not necessarily a failure of energy on the part of the Life Force. People with no (1) try to make things which will last forever, and even want to live forever themselves. But the (2) man knows very well that it is a waste of labor to make a machine that will last ten years, because it will probably be superseded in half that time by an improved machine (3) the same purpose. He also knows that if somebody were to convince us that our dream of personal immortality is no dream but a hard (4), such a shriek of despair would go up (5) the human race as no other conceivable horror could provoke. We /6) voluntarily, knowing that it is time for us to be scrapped, to be remanufactured. We must all be born again, and yet again and again. No man is willing to make a serious effort to keep alive. The (7) he sees death approach, he gets into bed and sends for a doctor. He knows very (8) at the back of his conscience that he is rather a poor job and (9) be remanufactured. He knows that his (10) will make room for a birth. (Adapted from A Treatise on Parents and Children by George Bernard Shaw) Multiple-Choice Questions Click on the answer you think is correct. Complete the Reading using the correct anwers from the next questionaire 1. a) luck b) time c) imagination d) hope 2. a) intelligent b) lazy c) friendly d) ridiculous 3. a) answer b) answers c) answering d) answered

7 4. a) choice b) situation c) memory d) fact 5. a) to b) from c) about d) with 6. a) remain b) try c) die d) become 7. a) moment b) fear c) reason d) hope 8. a) much b) well c) few d) special 9. a) can be b) was c) might have been d) ought to be 10. a) health b) death c) decision d) condition answer the questions

8 11. True or False: The author says that people will be very happy if it becomes possible to live forever. a) True b) False 12. True or False: The author says that people die willingly. a) True b) False 13. True or False: The author thinks that we should try to make machines that will last forever. a) True b) False 14. The pronoun He in the last sentence refers to a) God b) the author c) the doctor d) a typical person 15. The main idea of this paragraph is that a) people would like to live forever b) machines do not have to last a long time c) death is necessary d) people do not have enough imagination Post Reading Draw a picture related to the reading, explain the reasons to draw it.