Drive Response Requirements for Web Handling. Clarence Klassen. P. Eng. (ON) KlassENgineering Inc.
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1 Drive Response Requirements for Web Handling Clarence Klassen. P. Eng. (ON) KlassENgineering Inc.
2 Drive Response Requirements for Web Handling KlassENgineering Inc. for WHC, Copyright
3 Introduction Drive Speed and Tension Regulators are tuned. We consider these to be second order systems. More than one regulator is used in each drive. The metrics for a tuned regulator are the regulator response and overshoot (zero). KlassENgineering Inc. for WHC, Copyright
4 Definitions Second Order System Process Variable (PV) Setpoint (SP) Control Variable (CV) Dead Time Overshoot KlassENgineering Inc. for WHC, Copyright
5 Over Damped or Critically Damped Response KlassENgineering Inc. for WHC, Copyright
6 Definitions (cont d) Oscillatory Period of Oscillation (sec) Frequency of Oscillation (rad/sec) Instability Response Time (sec) Response (Bandwidth) (rad/sec) Settling Time (sec) KlassENgineering Inc. for WHC, Copyright
7 Under Damped and Critically Damped Response KlassENgineering Inc. for WHC, Copyright
8 Control System KlassENgineering Inc. for WHC, Copyright
9 Regulator and Plant KlassENgineering Inc. for WHC, Copyright
10 Definitions (cont d) Regulator Gain KlassENgineering Inc. for WHC, Copyright
11 Definitions (cont d) Lead KlassENgineering Inc. for WHC, Copyright
12 Ideal Regulator Response KlassENgineering Inc. for WHC, Copyright
13 Practical Regulator Response KlassENgineering Inc. for WHC, Copyright
14 Actual Speed Regulator Response Tune Spindle B speed regulator for 1.4 radians/second. Kp=10.5, Ti=0.38sec KlassENgineering Inc. for WHC, Copyright
15 What regulator response is required or desired for speed regulators? Some answers from experts are: Use the drive default settings (5 radians/second) Just perform the auto tune (no metrics) Each drive tuned as fast as possible (1 to 5 radians/second) Same tuning as the previous similar line. (no metrics) All drives tuned the same as the drive with the slowest response (2 radians/second) Modern drives don t need to be tuned. (no metrics) Brand X drives are always tuned too stiffly or too aggressively (no metrics) The drive is not responsive enough (no metrics) The drive should be tuned with 5 to 10% overshoot for better response to web disturbances (no metrics) KlassENgineering Inc. for WHC, Copyright
16 Assume a 5 rad/sec Speed Regulator A 5 rad/sec speed regulator response is a typical default value for drives. This is achievable for low inertia sections with quality speed reducers and couplings such as used in plastic film This is not achievable for many wide machines (5m) KlassENgineering Inc. for WHC, Copyright
17 Response and Turret Winders The speed regulator must be fast enough to perform within the time constraints of a turret winder Assume a 5 rad/sec speed regulator and a 5 second index time KlassENgineering Inc. for WHC, Copyright
18 Response and Turret Winders Assume a 5 rad/sec speed regulator and a faster turret winder with a 1 second index time KlassENgineering Inc. for WHC, Copyright
19 Tension Regulators have 1/3 the Response of the Speed Regulator The tension regulator response is limited to 1/3 to 1/10 the response of the speed regulator. For a 5 rad/sec speed regulator, the fastest theoretical response of the tension regulator will be 1.3 radians/second. KlassENgineering Inc. for WHC, Copyright
20 Unwind Splice An unwind splice creates a tension disturbance which affects all sections in the line. Even though the splice is complete in a fraction of a second, the tension regulators recover using their response. With a 1.3 rad/sec tension regulator, the settling time will be 3 to 4 seconds. The web may see wrinkling and other defects during this interval. The web will also be more prone to a break during this interval. KlassENgineering Inc. for WHC, Copyright
21 Limits to Speed and Tension Regulator Responses Backlash Belts Slipping Torsional Resonance Power Limited Noise in the control system Filtering Tension Response limited by Speed Response By Design KlassENgineering Inc. for WHC, Copyright
22 Example Trim Nip with Fabric Trim Nip with fabric Kp=0.5, Ki=0.1 1/s, Kd=0.1 s. Increase in tension was good. Notice the Dead Time Decrease in tension has undershoot. Time constant 1.6 sec, Response = 0.63 radians/sec KlassENgineering Inc. for WHC, Copyright
23 Example Trim Nip with Laminated Fabric Kp=0.5, Ki=0.1 1/s, Kd=0.1 s. Time constant 2.0 sec, Response = 0.50 radians/sec KlassENgineering Inc. for WHC, Copyright
24 What Responses do we see in Web Handling lines? Web Drive Speed Reg. Response rad/sec Tension Reg. Response rad/sec Metal Rolling Vector or DTC Paper Mills Vector or DTC 0.3 to Converting lines Vector or DTC 1.5 to to 1.5 Converting lines Servo 10 to 120??? 3 to 40??? Paper Mill Best Case (Unwind on Coater using dancer) Converting lines Worst Case (laminator for fabric and poly) DC (into torque regulator 1996) Vector or DTC (purposely tuned this slowly-no justification available from the drive rep.-2011) KlassENgineering Inc. for WHC, Copyright
25 What Operators Want The drive is not responsive enough! Threading Speed Changes Closing Nips, Applying Coating Turret Indexes KlassENgineering Inc. for WHC, Copyright
26 Giving Operators What They Want As Found 0.4 rad/sec Not Exponential As Left 1 rad/sec Learning While Having Fun! KlassENgineering Inc. for WHC, Copyright
27 When Drive Response is Important A new line is not as responsive as an older line. Following a drive upgrade, the line is not as responsive as it was. Guidance is needed for a new process. KlassENgineering Inc. for WHC, Copyright
28 Top Secret Regulator Response information for web handling is not published. Regulator theory is well known 4th year controls class. Drive vendors know their regulator response and tuning procedures and targets. Sophisticated producers know the regulator responses on their lines. Many Web Handling OEM s, producers and drive vendors do not have good guidance for tuning drives for web handling lines. KlassENgineering Inc. for WHC, Copyright
29 Conclusions Operators would like faster response for easier operation of the line. Managers like faster response because it reduces waste due to tension variations. Maintenance likes slower responses because equipment lasts longer. Maintenance likes faster responses because they like satisfied operators. We can t arbitrarily increase response without consequences there are mechanical limits. How responsive is responsive enough? I suggest 5 rad/sec for speed and 1.3 rad/sec for tension as generally acceptable values. Many web handling drives do not achieve these values. Discussion, experiences and opinions are welcome. Metrics will make the discussion meaningful. KlassENgineering Inc. for WHC, Copyright
30 Questions??? KlassENgineering Inc. for WHC, Copyright
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