Ethics in Public Speaking. PowerPoint by Carol Davis

Transcription

1 Ethics in Public Speaking PowerPoint by Carol Davis

2 ETHICS A branch of philosophy dealing with issues of right and wrong in human affairs

3 Ethics = Credibility You have an obligation to yourself and to your listeners to prepare fully and well. Don t waste your time or ours!!!!

4 ETHICS The study of moral conduct How people should act toward each other The responsibilities speakers have toward their audience and themselves The responsibilities listeners have toward speakers

5 Be honest at all times! Public speaking rests on the unspoken assumption that your words can be trusted and that you will be truthful when you speak to us. We must have that agreement!

6 ETHOS Greek word meaning CHARACTER Aristotle in his book Rhetoric defined a speaker as one who Knows his subject Has sound logic Tells the truth Displays concern for welfare of listeners

7 Blame it on the Greeks! Greece-Model for democracy Greek students learned rhetoric Greek citizens had to speak well Greeks served as their own lawyers Rhetoric to the Greeks meant power

8 To be an ethical speaker, you must do the following things: 1. Emphasize respect for integrity of ideas 2. Be responsible for the power you have others to influence 3. Be morally accountable for your statements 4. Treat listeners with dignity and respect

9 Put ethics into Practice! Don t just give lip service to the importance of being ethical, having honest, and responsible. Being ethical means behaving ethically all the time---not just when it is convenient.

10 DEVELOP TRAITS THAT ESTABLISH CREDIBILITY Develop a solid grasp of your subject Display sound reasoning Present information honestly and without manipulation Be genuine in your interest in the welfare of your listeners

11 VALUES Ethical conduct = Value system Values are the prism through which we see the world and people. Ethical choices are our values in action.

12 VALUES ARE LEARNED EARLY! CORE VALUES Achievement, success, work, humility, beauty, devotion, security, democracy, freedom, awe of nature, love, appreciation, and material comfort

13 IDENTIFYING VALUES Gallup Poll on U.S. values in 2005: (Surveyed people s attitudes, opinions, and behaviors) Religion 62%- very important Go to church -30% Equal rights for gay people- 74% support them Hiring homosexuals- 54% as salespeople and as teachers 30%

14 CODE FOR ETHICAL SPEAKING PILLARS OF CHARACTER Dignity Morality with Ethics Trustworthiness Respect (Treat people right) Integrity (Incorruptibility) Responsibility

15 ETHNOCENTRISM The belief that the ways of one s own culture is superior to those of other cultures. Stereotypes Prejudice Ethical breaches

16 The use of another person s information as one s own is plagiarism. Intentionally or not, Plagiarism is stealing and a loss of credibility! The consequences are grave! Plagiarizing is just dumb!

17 Why do we plagiarize? Ignorance of rules I won t get caught! Lack of respect for others Creativity is great, but plagiarism is faster! Nothing is impossible for the man who does not have to think of it himself. The belief that: To steal from one person is plagiarism; to steal from many is research. If I do not get caught, plagiarism is okay.

18 PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM STRAIGHTFORWARD RULE: Any source that requires credit in written form must be acknowledged in oral form. Direct quotations Paraphrasing Facts Statistics Information not generally known

19 AVOID PLAGIARISM! Oral presentations need not include the full bibliographic reference (names, dates, titles, volume, and page numbers). The name of the source is enough. However, you should include a complete reference on the bibliography page or work cited page.

20 Three Types of Plagarism GLOBAL Stealing an entire speech and giving it as your own PATCHWORK Patching a speech together by copying from two or three sources

21 Continued Types INCREMENTAL Giving no credit to the borrowing of someone else s words Paraphrasing an author without citing the author Review Global-stealing an entire speech Patchwork-stealing ideas from one or two sources Incremental-failing to give credit for quotations and paraphrasing

22 Quotations from the plagiarists.. What do you mean I cheated? I gave the speech didn t I. To plagiarize or not to plagiarize, that is the question. Whether it is nobler to expand the mind, or easier and quicker to steal another s ideas. What would Hamlet say?

23 RULE OF THUMB: Three words in the same order with new information must be documented. If you summarize from someone else s work, you must document. If you put it into your words, you must document.

24 Tell the truth Don t distort the truth. Acknowledge your sources. Strive hard for accuracy. Realize that 2/3 of the cases of plagiarism result not because students deliberately set out to deceive their audience but have a mistaken notion of the importance of documenting sources.

25 And finally Nothing is said which has not been said before. According to Shakespeare: Plagiarists castrate the books of other men in order that with the fat of the other s work they may lard their own lean works.

26 Ethical Listening Rules Listen courteously and attentively. Avoid prejudging the speaker whether it is a fellow student or a teacher. Maintain free and open expression of ideas. (Everyone has the right to be heard.) Show the speaker that you are listening

27 Remember I trust you until you prove that I should not

28