U.S. HISTORY THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

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1 U.S. HISTORY THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION George Washington vs King George III NAME: PERIOD: DUE DATE: I can explain how the Revolutionary War affected the colonists, and why other countries decided to support them. I understand the advantages and disadvantages of the Continental Army I can identify the contributions of colonial leaders and groups and their roles in the Revolution.

2 Declaration of Independence (We will have a quiz on this paragraph) We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. What Should I Study for the Revolutionary War Test? It would be a good idea to know the order of events and who was victorious in the battles involved. Use your notes to review the stories we discussed in class if you can t remember something you wrote in your notes read chapter 6 in the book. Lexington and Concord (American Victory) Bunker Hill (British Victory) Signing of the Declaration of Independence Battle of Long Island (British Victory) Trenton and Princeton (American Victory) British plan for victory- 3 pronged attack on Albany NY Valley Forge Oriskany Leger gets beat by Benedict Arnold (American Victory) Brandywine, Paoli, and Germantown are taken by Clinton (British Victory) Saratoga- Burgoyne looses to the green Mountain Boys (American Victory) War in the West: Kaskaskia and Vincennes- Clark defeats Hamilton (the hair buyer) (American Victory) The battle of the Serapis conquered by John Paul Jones (American Victory) British 2 nd plan for victory- take the South Savannah Charles town, Camden- British victory (British Victory) King s Mountain, Cowpens, Guilford Courthouse- American victory (American Victory) Cornwallis goes to Yorktown Yorktown American Victory (American Victory) Treaty of Paris is signed September 3 rd 1783 People to Know: Marquis de Lafayette, Samuel Whittemore, John Paul Jones, Nathan Hale, Haym Salomon, Baron Von Steuben, Benedict Arnold, Cornwallis, Clinton, Washington, Howe, Burgoyne, Leger, David Bushnell, Francis Marion. Review the worksheet Everything you wanted to know about the Revolutionary War and much much more.

3 Revolutionary War Notes Lexington and Concord Key individuals involved: Where did it happen? Who won? Other interesting information: Bunker Hill: Key individuals involved: Where did it happen? Who won?_ Other interesting information: Second Continental Congress What was the Second Continental Congress? What did they do? 1) 2) 3) 4) Declaration of Independence: Who was involved? When did this happen? Why did they write the Declaration of Independence?

4 What was the risk the founding fathers were making when the signed their names to this document? Battle of long Island: Key individuals involved: Where did it happen? Who won? Other interesting information: Trenton and Princeton: Key individuals involved: Where did it happen? Who won? Other interesting information: What do you think this victory did for the moral of the troops?

5 Washington Crossing the Delaware River What background knowledge of the Revolution do you need to understand this picture? Describe the events of the crossing of the Delaware River. Who was involved in this event? Why was this an important event in the revolution? What is wrong about this painting of Washington crossing the Delaware River? Do you think that it is ok to depict events in history differently than they actually happened? Circle: YES or NO Why?

6 1 st British plan for victory: What was the first British plan for victory? Battle of Oriskany: Brandywine, Paoli, Germantown: Key individuals involved: Where did it happen? Who won? Other interesting information: Saratoga: Key individuals involved: Where did it happen? Who won? Other interesting information: Valley Forge: Where was this? What was it like? Who was Von Steuben? Who was Marquis de Lafayette?

7 Who was Juan de Miralles? Haym Salomon Who was he and how did he contribute to the Revolutionary war effort? The Connecticut Water Machine What is it? Who invented it What did he need to get it to work? Why wasn t it successful? Battle of the Kegs What is a patriot? What is a loyalist? What did women do to help with the war effort? Who was Molly Pitcher?

8 Becoming a Historian: Corroboration Different Perspectives of an Event 1. What is the event you are researching? Document 1 2. What is the source? : 3. What does it state? What is the perspective? Document 2 4. What is the source? 5. What does it state? What is the perspective? Document 3 6. What is the source? 7. What does it state? What is the perspective? Document 4 8. What is the source? 9. What does it state? What is the perspective? 10. Do the documents have anything in common? If so, what? 11. Do the documents disagree? If so how are they different? 12. What documents do you consider most reliable? Why?

9 Different Perspectives of the Winter at Valley Forge Source #1: From the journal of Private James Martin, describing conditions in the Continental Army as the soldiers marched to Valley Forge. The Army was now not only starved but naked; the greatest part were not only shirtless and barefoot but destitute of all other clothing, especially blankets. I procured a small piece of raw cowhide and made myself a pair of moccasins, which kept my feet (while they lasted) from the frozen ground, although, as I well remember, the hard edges so galled my ankles, while on a march, that it was with much difficulty and pain that I could wear them afterwards; but the only alternative I had, was to endure this inconvenience or to go barefoot, as hundreds of my companions had to, till they might be tracked by their blood upon the rough frozen ground. But hunger, nakedness and sore shins were not the only difficulties we had at that time to encounter; we had hard duty to perform and little or no strength to perform it with. Source #2: From the journal of Dr. James Thatcher, who learned about camp conditions from his friends. In the month of December, the troops were employed in erecting log huts for winter quarters, when about one-half of the men were destitute of small-clothes, shoes and stockings. Some thousands were without blankets, and were obliged to warm themselves over fires all night, after the fatigues of the day, instead of reposing in comfortable lodgings. At one time nearly three thousand men were unfit for duty from the want of clothing; and it was not uncommon to track the march of the men over ice and frozen ground by the blood from their naked feet. Several times they experienced little less than a famine in camp; and more than once our general officers were alarmed by the fear of a total dissolution of the army from the want of provisions It cannot be deemed strange that sickness and mortality were the consequence of such privations in the midst of an inclement season. Under these unexampled sufferings, the soldiers exercised a degree of patience and fortitude which reflects on them, the highest honor, and which ought ever to entitle them to the gratitude of their country. The army was not without consolation, for his excellency the commander in- chief manifested a fatherly concern and fellow-feeling for their sufferings and made every exertion in his power to remedy the evil and to administer the much desired relief. Being authorized by Congress, he reluctantly resorted to the unpopular expedient of taking provisions from the inhabitants by force, and thus procured a small supply for immediate necessity. Source #3: From the diary of Surgeon Albigence Waldo written shortly after his arrival at Valley Forge. December 21 Preparations made for huts. Provisions scarce. Mr. Ellis went homeward sent a letter to my wife. Heartily wish myself at home. My skin and eyes are almost spoiled with continual smoke. A general cry thro the camp this evening among the soldiers, No meat No meat The distant vales echoed back the melancholy sound No meat No meat What have you for your dinners, boys? Nothing but fire cake and water, Sir. At night, Gentlemen, the supper is ready. What is your supper, lads? Fire cake and water, Sir. Very poor beef has been drawn in our camp, the greater part of this season. A butcher bringing a quarter of this kind of beef into camp one day who had white buttons on the knees of his breeches, a soldier cries out, There, there, Tom, is some more of your fat beef. But my soul, I can see the butcher s breeches buttons through it. December 22 Lay excessive cold and uncomfortable last night. My eyes are started out from their orbits like a rabbit s eyes, occasioned by a great cold and smoke. What have you got for breakfast, lads? Fire cake and water, Sir. The Lord send that our Commissary of Purchases may live on fire cake and water till their glutted guts are turned to pasteboard. Our division are under marching orders this morning. I am ashamed to say it, but I am tempted to steal fowls if I could find them or even a whole hog, for I feel as if I could eat one. But the impoverished country about us affords but little matter to employ a thief, or keep a clever fellow in good humor. But why do I talk of hunger and hard usage, when so many in the world have not even fire cake and water to eat? Soon I came in sight of the camp. My imagination had pictured an army with uniforms, the glitter of arms, standards, etc., in short, military pomp of all sorts. Instead of the imposing spectacle I expected, I saw, grouped together or standing alone, militiamen, poorly clad, and for the most part without shoes many of them badly armed. Source #4: From the journal of Chevalier de Pontgibaud, a French volunteer who joined the Continental Army at Valley Forge.

10 Valley Forge Letter Pretend that you are a soldier in the Continental Army encamped at Valley Forge. It is now May, The Army is preparing to leave Valley Forge and renew hostilities with the British. You decide to write a letter to friends back home telling them about your experiences in the camp. Be sure to mention: 1. A description of the suffering that you have endured. 2. Your feelings toward those soldiers who decided to leave the camp and go home. 3. Your reason for remaining at Valley Forge, instead of going home with the others. 4. Your opinion about the character and leadership qualities of General George Washington. 5. Your attitude toward the Loyalists who have helped the British army spend a comfortable winter in Philadelphia 6. Feelings about Baron von Steuben and the military drills that he has put you through. 7. Your opinion of the chances of the Continental Army winning the Revolutionary War. Be sure to answer all the questions and fill every line for full credit on this assignment.

11 War in the west: Kaskaskia and Vincennes: Key individuals involved: Where did it happen? Who won? Other interesting information: The Battle of the Serapis Key individuals involved: Where did it happen? Who won? Other interesting information: What is a Privateer? What is a blockade and where did the British create one? 2 nd British plan for victory: What was the second British plan for victory? Savannah, Charles town, Camden: Key individuals involved: Where did it happen? Who won? Other interesting information:

12 King s Mountain, Cowpens, Guilford Courthouse: Key individuals involved: Where did it happen? Who won? Other interesting information: Yorktown: Key individuals involved: Where did it happen? Who won? Other interesting information: What song did they play as the British surrendered to the Americans? Why do you think they played this song? Treaty of Paris:

13 Creating a Soundtrack Objective: Students will identify music that best represents the key battles and events in the Revolutionary War 1. You will be creating a sound track that could be used as background music for a documentary film on battles of the Revolutionary War 2. Use a variety of music and chose the music that best supports each are of conflict with the United States. For example for the revolutionary war, I might start with R.E.S.P.E.C.T. by Aretha Franklin to explain the Battle of Lexington and Concorde, followed by The Climb by Miley Cyrus to illustrate the Battle of Bunker Hill If studying Yorktown I would need a song that shows defiance and victory, for example We will, we will rock you by Queen. 3. You will be assigned to complete the playlist for only one group. You will then combine with another groups for a complete playlist of the Revolutionary War. 4. Write your play list and explanations of your choices in the blanks. Group 1 Group 2 Lexington and Concord Bunker Hill Battle of Long Island Trenton and Princeton Oriskany Brandywine, Paoli, and Germantown Group 3 Group 4 Saratoga Valley Forge Kaskaskia and Vincennes The battle of the Serapis Savannah Charles town, Camden King s Mountain, Cowpens, Guilford Courthouse Yorktown What songs would you choose and why? Choose songs that would best represent or give feeling of the events and or battles. In the space provided below explain why you chose each song (see example). Example: If You re Reading This by Tim McGraw. It s a letter from a soldier to his wife written as if he has passed away, explaining his choice to fight and why he s not coming home. I would use it to illustrate the winter of while troops were at Valley Forge. 1. Battle Song by Explanation of choice: 2. Battle Song by Explanation of choice: 3. Battle Song by Explanation of choice: 4. Battle Song by Explanation of choice: Combine all of the groups choices and create the playlist for the class: Lexington and Concord Bunker Hill Long Island Trenton and Princeton Oriskany Brandywine, Paoli, and Germantown Saratoga Valley Forge Kaskaskia and Vincennes The battle of the Serapis Savannah Charles town, Camden King s Mountain, Cowpens, Guilford Courthouse Yorktown

14 All you ever wanted to know about the American Revolution and much much more Who won the battle? Americans or British 1. Battles of King s Mountain, Cowpens and Guilford Courthouse 2. Battles of Trenton and Princeton 3. Battles of Kaskaskia and Vincennes 4. Battles of Brandywine, Paoli, and Germantown 5. Battle of Oriskany (Leger vs. Benedict Arnold) 6. Battle of Saratoga 7. Battle of Bunker Hill 8. Battle for the Serapis (John Paul Jones) 9. Lexington and Concord 10. Battle of Yorktown 11. Battles of Savannah, Charles Town, and Camden 12. Battle of Long Island Who said this? The British regulars are coming I have not yet begun to fight. My only regret is that I have but one life to lose for my country. Give me liberty or give me death. Who is this? Baron Von Steuben Marquis de Lafayette Haym Salomon Samuel Whittemore David Bushnell Francis Marion George Washington John Paul Jones Benedict Arnold General Howe General Clinton General Cornwallis Nathan Hale Thomas Jefferson Ben Franklin Patrick Henry When was this? The Treaty of Paris The Declaration of Independence Jamestown settled Pilgrims landed at Plymouth

15 Reading Log Chapter 6 Section 1 HOMEWORK Preview the section by looking at all bold print, all captions, and pictures. Go over Guide to Reading 1. What is the Main idea for this section? 2. What is the section theme? 3. Define Key Terms: Neutral: Mercenary: Recruit: Hessians: 4. Read the section. Close the book. Summarize what you read. Visualize the battle of Long Island and the Battle of Trenton and Princeton. Make a comic of one of these battles. Create a caption explaining what your visual represents. Minorities in the Revolution: Read: Linking Past and Present Write: What did you learn about a women s role in combat then, versus a women s role in combat now? What is your opinion on why this has changes Chapter 6 Section 2 HOMEWORK Preview the section by looking at all bold print, all captions, and pictures. Go over Guide to Reading 1. What is the Main idea for this section? 2. What is the section theme? 3. Define Key Terms: Desert: Inflation: 4. Read the section. Close the book. Summarize what you read. Study the cause-and-effect chart on page 174. In what ways did France and the Americans in their fight for independence? What events led France to aid the Americans in the first place? Make your own Cause and Effect diagram/table/chart. Visualize Valley Forge. Make a colored comic of what you read. Create a caption explaining what your visual represents.

16 Describe the significance of key battles in the West and South. Chapter 6 Section 3 Homework Preview the section by looking at all bold print, all captions, and pictures. Go over Guide to Reading 1. What is the Main idea for this section? 2. What is the section theme? 3. Define Key Terms: Blockade: Privateer: Guerrilla Warfare: 4. Read the section. Close the book. Summarize what you read. Vincennes Camden Battle Kings Mountain Guilford Courthouses Chapter 6 Section 4 Homework Preview the section by looking at all bold print, all captions, and pictures. Go over Guide to Reading 1. What is the Main idea for this section? 2. What is the section theme? 3. Define Key Terms: Ratify: Ambush: 4. Read the section. Close the book. Summarize what you read. Visualize the guerilla warfare, explain, through a drawing and a caption why it was effective against the British. (make a comic of what you read. Create a caption explaining what your visual represents) Significance Visualize the section. Make a comic of what you read. Create a caption explaining what your visual represents. Predicting Consequences: What might have happened if the French fleet had not arrived at Yorktown? What influence did the American Revolution have around the world?

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22 Writing Your Own Declaration of Independence The Founding Fathers risked their lives and the lives of their families to make a statement to the empire of Great Britain and the rest of the world. The document they created would have been viewed as treason by the British government, and had they failed in their great plight for independence they would likely have lost everything, including their lives. Your task is to write your own Declaration of Independence. You must follow the guidelines below to create this document, which should mirror the real Declaration of Independence. Guidelines for writing Declaration of Independence: Preamble: Discuss the reasons for why you are writing this Declaration. (From, When in the Course of human Events to declare the Causes which impel them to the Separation. ) What reasons do you believe you should declare your independence? Declaration of Student Rights: Explain what you believe, the philosophy and ideals behind your document. (From, We hold these Truths to be self-evident. ) What beliefs about your independence do you have? List of Complaints/Grievances: List the person/persons to whom you are addressing your complaints, and what you specifically are complaining about. (From, To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid World. ) An example might be Our Teachers have assigned an enormous amount of homework that we were forced to complete at times inconvenient. (Caveat: You may not list any individuals by name, and all complaints must be intelligently worded and appropriate for school) Statements of prior attempts to redress grievances: List the ways in which you have already tried to address your complaints. (From Nor have We been wanting in attentions to our British brethren ) In what ways have you already tried to address your complaints? Declaration of Independence: Describe how you want things to change as a result of this Declaration. (From We, therefore ) How would you want things to change if you became independent? Suggestions You may use the same words that are written in the Declaration of Independence to help fill in your Declaration. For example, you may start off your Preamble with In the course of human events. Just remember to replace their ideas, complaints and what should be changed with your own.

23 Here is an example Student Declaration of Independence (YOU MAY NOT COPY THIS) Preamble When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for students to cut ties with their parents and teachers and to become independent, they must explain why they deserve to be independent to the rest of the world. This requires us, as students, to write our own Declaration of Independence for the rest of the world to see and understand why we should be and will be independent and equal to the station of our parents and teachers. Declaration of Student Rights We hold these truths to be obvious, that all students are created equal and are given by their Creator the rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of whatever makes them happy. To obtain these rights, parents and teachers should enable students to do as they wish. However, when parents and teachers begin a long train of mistreatment against students that shows they only want to control every aspect of their lives, it is the duty and right of students to get rid of the control their parents and teachers have over them and establish their independence. List of Grievances Until now, students have been very patient with parents and teachers, but with such a long history of mistreatment and unfairness by the parents and teachers toward students, it is now time that the rest of the world find out what has been going on. They have given us too much homework with little class time to complete it They have given us repeated detentions without good cause They have grounded us for reasons that were unfair and not our fault Statements of Prior Attempts to Redress Grievances Even after all of this mistreatment, we have explained how we felt to both our parents and teachers. However, our complaints have fallen on deaf ears, and we have been ignored. We have even appealed to our school administrators, grandparents and even our friends at other schools, but our appeals have been ignored and we must now announce that we are separating ourselves from our homes and our schools to become independent. Resolution of Independence We, therefore, the representatives of the student body at Oak Mountain Middle School in Birmingham, Alabama, present these facts to the rest of the country and the world. In the name and by the permission of all of our fellow students, we solemnly write and declare that the students at Oak Mountain Middle School out to be free and independent, and we give ourselves the same powers as any adult has who is also free and independent. For the support of our declaration, we pledge our lives, honor and all that we have