The Clock without a Maker
|
|
- Marsha Day
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Clock without a Maker There are a many great questions in life in which people have asked themselves. Who are we? What is the meaning of life? Where do come from? This paper will be undertaking the latter of these queries. In the grand debate over human origins there are two prevailing theories; one in which mankind and biological world was birthed from the mind of an intelligent designer, this is commonly known as the Teleological Argument, and the other simply being the contradictory in which no suck designer currently or has ever existed insinuating that in fact random occurrence was the cause of life, informally known as the skeptic s rebuttal. Proceeding through this paper I shall be siding with side of the skeptic s viewpoint and provide evidence and reason in which to refute the Teleological Argument by way of describing each its premises in detail and thoroughly breaking down and refuting them based upon views of my own and those of past philosophers. Among the three of major arguments advocating the theological view of the typical western Judeo-Christian God, them being the Cosmological, Ontological, and Teleological arguments, the Teleological Argument doesn t necessarily argue for God in the general sense in which he is known but for the existence of an intelligent designer who as the title describes an intelligent being of unknown origin design the humans and the biological world around them on the basis that the biological creatures seen in nature are so adapted and well equipped for their natural environment that such an occurrence could only transpire due to the will of an intelligent designer. One of the most prominent proponents of the Teleological Argument was William Paley, British philosopher, in his work Natural Theology Paley he details his premises in favor of the Teleological Argument. The best summary of Paley s points comes from himself actually in a metaphor he provided in his aforementioned essay. Paley states, and I m paraphrasing, that when you look at a pocket watch, really eyeing the intricate detail of its design, one does not assume
2 that such a intelligently designed product could have simply come to be from nothing, appearing out of thin air; for such a thought is ludicrous as we known that artisan is behind such craftsmanship. Paley applies this same analogy to the natural world, in how something as complicated, say the human eye for example couldn t have randomly came to be but was the result of intelligent design on the behalf of an intelligent designer. When it comes to arguments there are two distinct types, argument by analogy and argument by best explanation, and operate in how their names imply. Arguments by analogy make the assumption that if 2 things haves some properties in common then they likely have others in common as well; for example, if object 1 has x and y and object 2 has x, then it could be assumes that since both objects share x they must also share y in common. On the other end is the argument of best explanation, and as the name states this argument relies on choosing the best explanation which support your premises though keeping in mind that such conclusion is simply and is consistent with already established knowledge. Given this information it can be concluded that the Teleological Argument would have to fall into one of these argumentative categories, and for which it is allotted into is determined by the way in which it presents its case. The Teleological argument is broken down into two main premises, the first being that all biological life on earth is perfectly adapted for it environment; pattern, order, and superb design are present throughout the biological world. This is in reference to natural systems, such as the earlier example given with the human eye, and how such complexities could have only of occurred from the mind of an intelligent designer. The second premise of the Teleological Argument ties into the aforementioned query as to which category the argument falls into, for through the second premise the conclusion is drawn that the only reasonable explanation for the existence of such complex systems and structures in nature is that they themselves are product of
3 an intelligent designer, this of course revealing that the Teleological is one based upon the best explanation argumentative reasoning strategy. Paley supports this premise through his now famous watch analogy, mentioned above, and applying it towards the universe itself and how it could have only have been conceived by an intelligent designer due to its inherent complexity. Paley even goes further, in his work Natural Theory, as to say that humans specifically contain a plethora of complex systems that they truly could of come about from an intelligent designer equally as wise as is the human body is complex, meaning that such a designer would be so smart that it would be beyond human comprehension. Given what the synopsis of the Teleological Argument and Paley s various supporting evidence towards it, let s move on and take a new upon the skeptical views towards Paley proposal. First among the skeptics to take up the proverbial mantle against the Teleological Arguments was David Hume, a great British philosopher. He challenged specifically the second premise s grounds of the best explanation as to the origin of such well designed biological life, that of course being an intelligent designer. Now Hume didn t exactly challenge the existence of an intelligent designer per say, but instead questioned if the intelligent designer could accurately be interpreted to be what is thought of as being traditional Judeo-Christian God, and whether or not it would possess the traits of such. Hume goes about giving counter examples towards this claim in the ways such as this singular intelligent designer could be actually in fact be a committee of designers, the thought to be intelligent designer is actually inept and simply copied the design from another god, the designer of this universe could in truth be a lesser god or servant of a powerful one who was tasked with its creation, these and various other counter example to Paley s claim was made following the same logic of the three mentioned above. Though Hume skeptical proposal doesn t actual topple the Teleological argument, actually it
4 doesn t even claim denial into the possibility of some form of intelligent design by a designer(s), he even acknowledges this himself stating that he merely prods at the argument through semantical trickery. Not until the mid-19 th century did an actual legitimate counterpoint/ challenge towards the Teleological Argument presented itself, in the form of the now famous evolutionist Charles Darwin, in his 1859 s Origin of Species. Through his observations on the Galapagos islands Darwin concluded that life as we now know it came about through processes called natural selection and random mutation, states that when a biological life came about and continuous on is due to the random occurrence of mutations within a population and are naturally selected members of said population during breeding if it proves beneficial towards the increased survival of the offspring and in turn the species. This theory directly challenges Paley s second premise of the best explanation as it goes on to say that the biological world as we now know it was actually designed by an all-powerful individual but in fact came about through complete random occurrence. This this theory of evolution founded upon Darwin s observational findings is widely held in the scientific community to actually be the best explanation for it adheres more closely to the arguments guidelines, for it is considered a simpler explanation as to life s beginning in contrast to the thought of an all-powerful and ever being designer and it better follows current knowledge of today s natural world as the thought of change over time over millions of years seems more plausible to most. Based upon the aforementioned argument both for and against the Teleological Argument I would have to side with the skeptic argument due to the finding Darwin and others that followed it helped paint a more vivid picture of process in which life has come to be and even filling in any gaps along the way. But moreover I m skeptical of Paley s premises, with the first being inherently flawed for no life on earth is a recipient of superb design in fact I would even
5 argue the many if not all biological life suffers from subpar design for many biological systems could be greatly improved and serve no purpose, such as the pain experienced during human child birth and the uselessness of the appendix. Now this contradiction is not unheard of, Paley even responds towards them by stating more or less something to the effect of, that all design is to have flaw even with most great designers, but the counterpoint to this is that how can a designer who is intelligent and so beyond mankind how could it allow such flaws to occur leading to the assumption, much like Hume s earlier contradictory examples, the designer is inept. My last nitpick which I find in the actual evidence Paley uses in support of the second premise, his watch allegory, is that how could this analogy using human intelligence of comparison between object possible be applied towards something which he perceives to be so none human. Work Citied By ", Steven Pinker, Professor of Psychology at. "William Paley, "The Teleological Argument"" William Paley, "The Teleological Argument" Philosopher Lander.edu, 30 Oct Web. 20 Sept Paley, William. "Natural Theology and Tracts." (1824): 1-9. Purdue Online Database. Web. 20 Sept
6
Religious and non religious beliefs and teachings about the origin of the universe.
Friday, 23 February 2018 Religious and non religious beliefs and teachings about the origin of the universe. L.O. To understand that science has alternative theories to the religious creation stories:
More informationNew Chapter: Philosophy of Religion
Intro to Philosophy Phil 110 Lecture 6: 1-25 Daniel Kelly I. Mechanics A. Upcoming Readings 1. Today we ll discuss a. Dennett, Show Me the Science b. Hume, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion (10) c.
More informationLook at this famous painting what s missing? What could YOU deduce about human nature from this picture? Write your thoughts on this sheet!
* Look at this famous painting what s missing? What could YOU deduce about human nature from this picture? Write your thoughts on this sheet! If there is NO GOD then. What is our origin? What is our purpose?
More informationA level Religious Studies at Titus Salt
Component 2 Philosophy of Religion Theme 1: Arguments for the existence of God inductive This theme considers how the philosophy of religion has, over time, influenced and been influenced by developments
More informationThe Debate Between Evolution and Intelligent Design Rick Garlikov
The Debate Between Evolution and Intelligent Design Rick Garlikov Handled intelligently and reasonably, the debate between evolution (the theory that life evolved by random mutation and natural selection)
More informationWHY SHOULD ANYONE BELIEVE ANYTHING AT ALL?
WHY SHOULD ANYONE BELIEVE ANYTHING AT ALL? Beliefs don t trump facts in the real world. People almost invariably arrive at their beliefs not on the basis of proof but on the basis of what they find attractive.
More informationPHILOSOPHY 1: WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS FACED BY PHILOSOPHERS WHEN PROVIDING ARGUMENTS FOR THE EXISTENCE OF GOD?
PHILOSOPHY 1: WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS FACED BY PHILOSOPHERS WHEN PROVIDING ARGUMENTS FOR THE EXISTENCE OF GOD? ANDY BENNETT Abstract. An attempt is made to detail the problems encountered by philosophers
More informationDarwin s Theologically Unsettling Ideas. John F. Haught Georgetown University
Darwin s Theologically Unsettling Ideas John F. Haught Georgetown University Everything in the life-world looks different after Darwin. Descent, diversity, design, death, suffering, sex, intelligence,
More informationChristian Apologetics The Classical Arguments
I. Introduction to the Classical Arguments A. Classical Apologetics Christian Apologetics The Classical Arguments Lecture II September 24, 2015 1. An approach to apologetics based upon attempted deductive
More informationPhilosophy of Religion. Ross Arnold, Summer 2014 Lakeside institute of Theology
Philosophy of Religion Ross Arnold, Summer 2014 Lakeside institute of Theology Philosophical Theology 1 (TH5) Aug. 15 Intro to Philosophical Theology; Logic Aug. 22 Truth & Epistemology Aug. 29 Metaphysics
More informationExemplars. AS Religious Studies: Paper 1 Philosophy of Religion
Exemplars AS Religious Studies: Paper 1 Philosophy of Religion AS Religious Studies Exemplars: Paper 1 Philosophy of Religion Contents Introduction 1 Question 1 2 Question 2 7 Question 3 14 Question 4a
More informationPhilosophy of Science. Ross Arnold, Summer 2014 Lakeside institute of Theology
Philosophy of Science Ross Arnold, Summer 2014 Lakeside institute of Theology Philosophical Theology 1 (TH5) Aug. 15 Intro to Philosophical Theology; Logic Aug. 22 Truth & Epistemology Aug. 29 Metaphysics
More informationWelcome back to week 2 of this edition of 5pm Church Together.
Welcome back to week 2 of this edition of 5pm Church Together. Last week we started considering some rational theistic proofs for the existence of God with particular reference to those intellectual barriers
More informationThe Existence of God
The Existence of God The meaning of the words theist, atheist and agnostic Atheist- person who does not believe in God. Theist- Person who does believe in God Agnostic- Person who does not know if God
More informationINTELLIGENT DESIGN: FRIEND OR FOE FOR ADVENTISTS?
The Foundation for Adventist Education Institute for Christian Teaching Education Department General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists INTELLIGENT DESIGN: FRIEND OR FOE FOR ADVENTISTS? Leonard Brand,
More informationCharles Darwin. Darwin began to write about his ideas. He compiled his notes into his Notebooks on the Transmutation of Species. Transmutation means
Charles Darwin Charles Darwin was a British scientist who lived in the nineteenth century. He was born in England in 1809. Darwin s concept of natural selection changed the way people thought about the
More informationLecture 5.2Dawkins and Dobzhansky. Richard Dawkin s explanation of Cumulative Selection, in The Blind Watchmaker video.
TOPIC: Lecture 5.2Dawkins and Dobzhansky Richard Dawkin s explanation of Cumulative Selection, in The Blind Watchmaker video. Dobzhansky s discussion of Evolutionary Theory. KEY TERMS/ GOALS: Inference
More informationArgument from Design. Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion. David Hume
Argument from Design Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion David Hume Dialogues published posthumously and anonymously (1779) Three Characters Demea: theism, dogmatism, some philosophical arguments for
More informationA CRITIQUE OF THE FREE WILL DEFENSE. A Paper. Presented to. Dr. Douglas Blount. Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary. In Partial Fulfillment
A CRITIQUE OF THE FREE WILL DEFENSE A Paper Presented to Dr. Douglas Blount Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for PHREL 4313 by Billy Marsh October 20,
More informationThe Rationality of Religious Beliefs
The Rationality of Religious Beliefs Bryan Frances Think, 14 (2015), 109-117 Abstract: Many highly educated people think religious belief is irrational and unscientific. If you ask a philosopher, however,
More informationOutline Lesson 5 -Science: What is True? A. Psalm 19:1-4- "The heavens declare the Glory of God" -General Revelation
FOCUS ON THE FAMILY'S t elpyoect Th~ Outline Lesson 5 -Science: What is True? I. Introduction A. Psalm 19:1-4- "The heavens declare the Glory of God" -General Revelation B. Romans 1:18-20 - "God has made
More informationChristopher Heard Pepperdine University Malibu, California
RBL 10/2008 Stewart, Robert B., ed. Intelligent Design: William A. Dembski and Michael Ruse in Dialogue Minneapolis: Fortress, 2007. Pp. xvii + 257. Paper. $22.00. ISBN 0800662180. Christopher Heard Pepperdine
More informationThe Cosmological Argument
The Cosmological Argument The Cosmological Argument is an argument that attempts to demonstrate the existence of God using only one starting assumption: Something exists. 1. Three sorts of being: Whatever
More informationGround Work 01 part one God His Existence Genesis 1:1/Psalm 19:1-4
Ground Work 01 part one God His Existence Genesis 1:1/Psalm 19:1-4 Introduction Tonight we begin a brand new series I have entitled ground work laying a foundation for faith o It is so important that everyone
More informationThe midterm will be held in class two weeks from today, on Thursday, October 9. It will be worth 20% of your grade.
The design argument First, some discussion of the midterm exam. The midterm will be held in class two weeks from today, on Thursday, October 9. It will be worth 20% of your grade. The material which will
More informationUNIT 3 - PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION Does Reason Support Or Challenge Belief In God?
KCHU 228 Intro to Philosophy Unit 3 Study Guide - Part 2 UNIT 3 - PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION Does Reason Support Or Challenge Belief In God? IV. INDUCTIVE ARGUMENTS FOR & AGAINST THEISM A. ARGUMENTS FROM BIOLOGICAL
More informationWe [now turn to the question] of the existence of God. By God I shall understand a
Sophia Project Philosophy Archives Arguments for the Existence of God A. C. Ewing We [now turn to the question] of the existence of God. By God I shall understand a supreme mind regarded as either omnipotent
More informationTheme 1: Arguments for the existence of God inductive, AS
A. Inductive arguments cosmological Inductive proofs Theme 1: Arguments for the existence of God inductive, AS the concept of a posteriori. Cosmological argument: St Thomas Aquinas first Three Ways 1.
More information[1968. In Encyclopedia of Christianity. Edwin A. Palmer, ed. Wilmington, Delaware: National Foundation for Christian Education.]
[1968. In Encyclopedia of Christianity. Edwin A. Palmer, ed. Wilmington, Delaware: National Foundation for Christian Education.] GOD, THE EXISTENCE OF That God exists is the basic doctrine of the Bible,
More informationFAITH & reason. The Pope and Evolution Anthony Andres. Winter 2001 Vol. XXVI, No. 4
FAITH & reason The Journal of Christendom College Winter 2001 Vol. XXVI, No. 4 The Pope and Evolution Anthony Andres ope John Paul II, in a speech given on October 22, 1996 to the Pontifical Academy of
More informationUnless otherwise noted, Scripture quotations are from the New King James Version of the Bible.
First printing: October 2011 Copyright 2011 by Answers in Genesis USA. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission of the publisher,
More informationThe Science of Creation and the Flood. Introduction to Lesson 7
The Science of Creation and the Flood Introduction to Lesson 7 Biological implications of various worldviews are discussed together with their impact on science. UNLOCKING THE MYSTERY OF LIFE presents
More informationLesson 2. Systematic Theology Pastor Tim Goad. Part Two Theology Proper - Beginning at the Beginning I. Introduction to the One True God
Lesson 2 Part Two Theology Proper - Beginning at the Beginning I. Introduction to the One True God a. Arguments for the existence of God i. The Scriptural Argument Throughout Scripture we are presented
More informationDoes God Exist? By: Washington Massaquoi. January 2, Introduction
Does God Exist? By: Washington Massaquoi. January 2, 2017 Introduction In almost all societies there are people who deny the existence of God. Disbelievers (atheists) argue that there is no proof or evidence
More informationReview Tutorial (A Whirlwind Tour of Metaphysics, Epistemology and Philosophy of Religion)
Review Tutorial (A Whirlwind Tour of Metaphysics, Epistemology and Philosophy of Religion) Arguably, the main task of philosophy is to seek the truth. We seek genuine knowledge. This is why epistemology
More informationAre Miracles Identifiable?
Are Miracles Identifiable? 1. Some naturalists argue that no matter how unusual an event is it cannot be identified as a miracle. 1. If this argument is valid, it has serious implications for those who
More informationFrom Necessary Truth to Necessary Existence
Prequel for Section 4.2 of Defending the Correspondence Theory Published by PJP VII, 1 From Necessary Truth to Necessary Existence Abstract I introduce new details in an argument for necessarily existing
More informationSkepticism is True. Abraham Meidan
Skepticism is True Abraham Meidan Skepticism is True Copyright 2004 Abraham Meidan All rights reserved. Universal Publishers Boca Raton, Florida USA 2004 ISBN: 1-58112-504-6 www.universal-publishers.com
More informationIntelligent Design. Kevin delaplante Dept. of Philosophy & Religious Studies
Intelligent Design Kevin delaplante Dept. of Philosophy & Religious Studies kdelapla@iastate.edu Some Questions to Ponder... 1. In evolutionary theory, what is the Hypothesis of Common Ancestry? How does
More informationSt. Anselm s versions of the ontological argument
St. Anselm s versions of the ontological argument Descartes is not the first philosopher to state this argument. The honor of being the first to present this argument fully and clearly belongs to Saint
More informationAnnotated Bibliography. seeking to keep the possibility of dualism alive in academic study. In this book,
Warren 1 Koby Warren PHIL 400 Dr. Alfino 10/30/2010 Annotated Bibliography Chalmers, David John. The conscious mind: in search of a fundamental theory.! New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. Print.!
More informationChapter Summaries: Three Types of Religious Philosophy by Clark, Chapter 1
Chapter Summaries: Three Types of Religious Philosophy by Clark, Chapter 1 In chapter 1, Clark begins by stating that this book will really not provide a definition of religion as such, except that it
More informationPHLA10 Reason and Truth Exercise 1
Y e P a g e 1 Exercise 1 Pg. 17 1. When is an idea or statement valid? (trick question) A statement or an idea cannot be valid; they can only be true or false. Being valid or invalid are properties of
More informationQ: What do Christians understand by revelation?
Q: What do Christians understand by revelation? A: - God letting us know His will. - revelare = to unveil (Latin) - General revelation = nature, the Bible, Christian tradition, Church leaders, human conscience
More informationReligious Language as Analogy
Religious Language as Analogy St Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) The suggestion that religious language should be regarded as analogous is primarily attributed to the philosopher St. Thomas Aquinas. He thought
More informationThe cosmological argument (continued)
The cosmological argument (continued) Remember that last time we arrived at the following interpretation of Aquinas second way: Aquinas 2nd way 1. At least one thing has been caused to come into existence.
More informationCognition & Evolution: a Reply to Nagel s Charges on the Evolutionary Explanation of Cognition Haiyu Jiang
60 : a Reply to Nagel s Charges on the Evolutionary Explanation of Cognition Haiyu Jiang Abstract: In this paper, I examine one of Nagel s arguments against evolutionary theory, that the evolutionary conception
More informationThe St. Petersburg paradox & the two envelope paradox
The St. Petersburg paradox & the two envelope paradox Consider the following bet: The St. Petersburg I am going to flip a fair coin until it comes up heads. If the first time it comes up heads is on the
More informationGetting Deeper: Discussion and Activities
Getting Deeper: Discussion and Activities Getting Deeper: Discussion and Activities 1 Introduction Key verse to memorize: 1 Peter 3:15 1. Read 1 Peter 3:15 together again. Explain the significance of the
More informationCognitive Significance, Attitude Ascriptions, and Ways of Believing Propositions. David Braun. University of Rochester
Cognitive Significance, Attitude Ascriptions, and Ways of Believing Propositions by David Braun University of Rochester Presented at the Pacific APA in San Francisco on March 31, 2001 1. Naive Russellianism
More informationTWO VERSIONS OF HUME S LAW
DISCUSSION NOTE BY CAMPBELL BROWN JOURNAL OF ETHICS & SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY DISCUSSION NOTE MAY 2015 URL: WWW.JESP.ORG COPYRIGHT CAMPBELL BROWN 2015 Two Versions of Hume s Law MORAL CONCLUSIONS CANNOT VALIDLY
More informationIntelligent Design. What Is It Really All About? and Why Should You Care? The theological nature of Intelligent Design
Intelligent Design What Is It Really All About? and Why Should You Care? The theological nature of Intelligent Design Jack Krebs May 4, 2005 Outline 1. Introduction and summary of the current situation
More informationCan science prove the existence of a creator?
Science and Christianity By Martin Stokley The interaction between science and Christianity can be a fruitful place for apologetics. Defence of the faith against wrong views of science is necessary if
More informationThe Qualiafications (or Lack Thereof) of Epiphenomenal Qualia
Francesca Hovagimian Philosophy of Psychology Professor Dinishak 5 March 2016 The Qualiafications (or Lack Thereof) of Epiphenomenal Qualia In his essay Epiphenomenal Qualia, Frank Jackson makes the case
More informationIs Evolution Incompatible with Intelligent Design? Outline
Is Evolution Incompatible with Intelligent Design? Edwin Chong Mensa AG, July 4, 2008 MensaAG 7/4/08 1 Outline Evolution vs. Intelligent Design (ID) What are the claims on each side? Sorting out the claims.
More informationSample Questions with Explanations for LSAT India
Five Sample Logical Reasoning Questions and Explanations Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages. For some questions, more than one
More informationCharles Robert Darwin ( ) Born in Shrewsbury, England. His mother died when he was eight, a
What Darwin Said Charles Robert Darwin Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882) Born in Shrewsbury, England. His mother died when he was eight, a traumatic event in his life. Went to Cambridge (1828-1831) with
More informationDarwinist Arguments Against Intelligent Design Illogical and Misleading
Darwinist Arguments Against Intelligent Design Illogical and Misleading I recently attended a debate on Intelligent Design (ID) and the Existence of God. One of the four debaters was Dr. Lawrence Krauss{1}
More informationwww.xtremepapers.com Context/ clarification Sources Credibility Deconstruction Assumptions Perspective Conclusion Further reading Bibliography Intelligent design: everything on earth was created by God
More informationJASMIN HASSEL University of Münster
215 JASMIN HASSEL University of Münster Christian Kummer. Der Fall Darwin. Evolutionstheorie contra Schöpfungsglaube. Pattloch: München, 2009. [Christian Kummer. The Case of Darwin. Theory of Evolution
More informationAnthony P. Andres. The Place of Conversion in Aristotelian Logic. Anthony P. Andres
[ Loyola Book Comp., run.tex: 0 AQR Vol. W rev. 0, 17 Jun 2009 ] [The Aquinas Review Vol. W rev. 0: 1 The Place of Conversion in Aristotelian Logic From at least the time of John of St. Thomas, scholastic
More informationThe belief in the existence of an omniscient, omnipotent and benevolent God is inconsistent with the existence of human suffering. Discuss.
The belief in the existence of an omniscient, omnipotent and benevolent God is inconsistent with the existence of human suffering. Discuss. Is he willing to prevent evil, but not able? Then he is not omnipotent.
More informationHas Nagel uncovered a form of idealism?
Has Nagel uncovered a form of idealism? Author: Terence Rajivan Edward, University of Manchester. Abstract. In the sixth chapter of The View from Nowhere, Thomas Nagel attempts to identify a form of idealism.
More informationOf Skepticism with Regard to the Senses. David Hume
Of Skepticism with Regard to the Senses David Hume General Points about Hume's Project The rationalist method used by Descartes cannot provide justification for any substantial, interesting claims about
More informationSYSTEMATIC RESEARCH IN PHILOSOPHY. Contents
UNIT 1 SYSTEMATIC RESEARCH IN PHILOSOPHY Contents 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Research in Philosophy 1.3 Philosophical Method 1.4 Tools of Research 1.5 Choosing a Topic 1.1 INTRODUCTION Everyone who seeks knowledge
More informationRelativism and Subjectivism. The Denial of Objective Ethical Standards
Relativism and Subjectivism The Denial of Objective Ethical Standards Starting with a counter argument 1.The universe operates according to laws 2.The universe can be investigated through the use of both
More informationAn Answer to Anselm by Gaunilo
An Answer to Anselm by Gaunilo Abbey at Marmoutier, www.thais.it About the author.... Gaunilo, a Benedictine monk of Marmoutier, expressed his objections to Anselm s argument by means of devising a logical
More information507 Advanced Apologetics BEAR VALLEY BIBLE INSTITUTE 3 semester hours Thomas Bart Warren, Instructor
507 Advanced Apologetics BEAR VALLEY BIBLE INSTITUTE 3 semester hours Thomas Bart Warren, Instructor Course Description: COURSE SYLLABUS In order to defend his faith, the Christian must have a thorough
More informationPhilosophy of Religion: Hume on Natural Religion. Phil 255 Dr Christian Coseru Wednesday, April 12
Philosophy of Religion: Hume on Natural Religion Phil 255 Dr Christian Coseru Wednesday, April 12 David Hume (1711-1776) Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion (1779) Hume's Dialogues Concerning Natural
More informationOld-Earth Belief
Old-Earth Belief Have you ever been to a church that claimed that the earth is young? Have you ever felt pressured into believing in a young earth, even though you felt the scientific evidence was contrary
More informationWhat does it say about humanity s search for answers? What are the cause and effects mentioned in the Psalm?
Welcome to 5pm Church Together. If you have come before, then you will know that one of the things we do together is to think apologetically that is, we try and think about how we make a defence for our
More information15-1 The Puzzle of Life's Diversity Slide 1 of 20
1 of 20 15-1 The Puzzle of Life's Evolution is the process by which modern organisms were believed to have descended from ancient organisms. A scientific theory is a well-supported testable explanation
More informationAquinas 5 Proofs for God exists
智覺學苑 Academy of Wisdom and Enlightenment Posted: Aug 2, 2017 www.awe-edu.com info@ AWE-edu.com Aquinas 5 Proofs for God exists http://web.mnstate.edu/gracyk/courses/web%20publishing/aquinasfiveways_argumentanalysis.htm
More informationThere is a bit of ground clearance needed, it seems to me. This particular corner of the field is overgrown with every sort of confusion.
9.45am and 11.15am Sermon series 15 September 2013 St Michael s Acts 17:22-31; John 1: 14-18 I believe in God. You might say that the great religious division between human beings lies exactly here, between
More informationBaha i Proofs for the Existence of God
Page 1 Baha i Proofs for the Existence of God Ian Kluge to show that belief in God can be rational and logically coherent and is not necessarily a product of uncritical religious dogmatism or ignorance.
More informationBOOK REVIEW: Gideon Yaffee, Manifest Activity: Thomas Reid s Theory of Action
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications - Department of Philosophy Philosophy, Department of 2005 BOOK REVIEW: Gideon Yaffee, Manifest Activity:
More informationJudgment Day: Intelligent Design on Trial
Name Period Assignment# Judgment Day: Intelligent Design on Trial https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7hzzgxnyl5i 1) What is the main claim of Intelligent Design advocates? 2) Kevin Padian claims that Intelligent
More informationThe Ontological Argument
The Ontological Argument Arguments for God s Existence One of the classic questions of philosophy and philosophical argument is: s there a God? Of course there are and have been many different definitions
More informationPain, Suffering, and a Benevolent God. Topic: The Problem of Good and Evil
Pain, Suffering, and a Benevolent God Topic: The Problem of Good and Evil 1 The philosophical argument for the Problem of Evil, is an argument attempting to prove that an omnipotent, good, loving God as
More informationTopics and Posterior Analytics. Philosophy 21 Fall, 2004 G. J. Mattey
Topics and Posterior Analytics Philosophy 21 Fall, 2004 G. J. Mattey Logic Aristotle is the first philosopher to study systematically what we call logic Specifically, Aristotle investigated what we now
More informationAvicenna, Proof of the Necessary of Existence
Why is there something rather than nothing? Leibniz Avicenna, Proof of the Necessary of Existence Avicenna offers a proof for the existence of God based on the nature of possibility and necessity. First,
More informationGCE Religious Studies. Mark Scheme for June Unit G571: Philosophy of Religion. Advanced Subsidiary GCE. Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations
GCE Religious Studies Unit G571: Philosophy of Religion Advanced Subsidiary GCE Mark Scheme for June 2016 Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations OCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA) is a leading UK awarding body,
More informationERIC RUSSERT KRAEMER AND CHARLES SAYWARD. (Received 28 January, 1979)
ERIC RUSSERT KRAEMER AND CHARLES SAYWARD DUALISM AND THE ARGUMENT FROM CONTINUITY (Received 28 January, 1979) One of the things C.D. Broad argued in: The Mind and its Place in Nature (London, 1929, Ch.
More informationJanuary 22, The God of Creation. From the Pulpit of the Japanese Baptist Church of North Texas. Psalm 33:6-9
From the Pulpit of the Japanese Baptist Church of North Texas January 22, 2017 The God of Creation Psalm 33:6-9 33:6 By the word of the LORD the heavens were made, and by the breath of his mouth all their
More informationCan You Believe in God and Evolution?
Teachable Books: Free Downloadable Discussion Guides from Cokesbury Can You Believe in God and Evolution? by Ted Peters and Martinez Hewlett Discussion Guide Can You Believe in God and Evolution? A Guide
More informationCan You Believe In God and Evolution?
Teachable Books: Free Downloadable Discussion Guides from Cokesbury Can You Believe In God and Evolution? by Ted Peters and Martinez Hewlett Discussion Guide Can You Believe In God and Evolution? A Guide
More informationGetting To God. The Basic Evidence For The Truth of Christian Theism. truehorizon.org
Getting To God The Basic Evidence For The Truth of Christian Theism truehorizon.org A True Worldview A worldview is like a set of glasses through which you see everything in life. It is the lens that brings
More informationEVOLUTION FOR EVERYONE: AN UNDERGRADUATE PERSPECTIVE
Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Cultural Psychology www.jsecjournal.com org - 2009, 3 (1): 62-67. Book Review EVOLUTION FOR EVERYONE: AN UNDERGRADUATE PERSPECTIVE Alina Corrigan Community Mental Health
More informationPosition Strategies / Structure Presenting the Issue
Position Strategies / Structure Presenting the Issue If it is well known, you may simply mention the topic If it is less familiar, you may need to explain it and define key terms Asserting a clear, unequivocal
More informationGCE MARKING SCHEME SUMMER 2016 RELIGIOUS STUDIES RS1/2 PHIL INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION 1343/01. WJEC CBAC Ltd.
GCE MARKING SCHEME SUMMER 2016 RELIGIOUS STUDIES RS1/2 PHIL INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION 1343/01 INTRODUCTION This marking scheme was used by WJEC for the 2016 examination. It was finalised after
More informationPlease visit our website for other great titles:
First printing: July 2010 Copyright 2010 by Jason Lisle. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission of the publisher, except
More informationThe Illusion of Scientific Realism: An Argument for Scientific Soft Antirealism
The Illusion of Scientific Realism: An Argument for Scientific Soft Antirealism Peter Carmack Introduction Throughout the history of science, arguments have emerged about science s ability or non-ability
More informationQuaerens Deum: The Liberty Undergraduate Journal for Philosophy of Religion
Quaerens Deum: The Liberty Undergraduate Journal for Philosophy of Religion Volume 3 Issue 1 Article 5 January 2017 Modern Day Teleology Brianna Cunningham Liberty University, bcunningham4@liberty.edu
More informationSearle vs. Chalmers Debate, 8/2005 with Death Monkey (Kevin Dolan)
Searle vs. Chalmers Debate, 8/2005 with Death Monkey (Kevin Dolan) : Searle says of Chalmers book, The Conscious Mind, "it is one thing to bite the occasional bullet here and there, but this book consumes
More informationChristian scholars would all agree that their Christian faith ought to shape how
Roy A. Clouser, The Myth of Religious Neutrality: An Essay on the Hidden Role of Religious Beliefs in Theories (Notre Dame: The University of Notre Dame Press, 2005, rev. ed.) Kenneth W. Hermann Kent State
More informationGenesis Renewal. The Creationist Teaching Ministry of Mark E Abernathy
Genesis Renewal The Creationist Teaching Ministry of Mark E Abernathy 1 Why there are conflicts between the Bible and Evolution 2 Why there are conflicts between the Bible and Evolution But first, A list
More informationVan Fraassen: Arguments Concerning Scientific Realism
Aaron Leung Philosophy 290-5 Week 11 Handout Van Fraassen: Arguments Concerning Scientific Realism 1. Scientific Realism and Constructive Empiricism What is scientific realism? According to van Fraassen,
More informationEvolution is Based on Modern Myths. Turn On Your Baloney Detector. The Eyes Have it - Creation is Reality
This File Contains The Following Articles: Evolution is Based on Modern Myths Turn On Your Baloney Detector The Eyes Have it - Creation is Reality Evolution is Based on Modern Myths There is a preponderance
More informationTransition: From A priori To Anselm
Transition: From A priori To Anselm A PRIORI KNOWLEDGE: Philosophy and Sense Experience We said: Philosophical questions cannot be answered solely by appeal to sense experience. If we can answer a question
More information1/18/2009. Signatories include:
We are skeptical of claims for the ability of the action of an invisible force operating at a distance to account for dynamics. Careful examination of the evidence for the Newtonian Theory should be encouraged.
More information