BIRTH CONTROL REVIEW HAVELOCK ELLIS NUMBER. Margaret Sanger Comes to Berlin By AGNES SMEDLEY. Twenty Cents. February, 1928 MOTHER

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1 February, 1928 Twenty Cents BIRTH CONTROL REVIEW "Fewer But Healthzer Chddren" MOTHER By LEWIN -FUNCKE HAVELOCK ELLIS NUMBER Margaret Sanger Comes to Berlin By AGNES SMEDLEY

2 THE AMERICAN BIRTH CONTROL LEAGUE, INC Headqmarteu 104 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK ClTY Telephon&elsea OFFICERS MARGARET SANGER Prondent MRS JULIET BARRETT RUBLEE Vbo-Prrr(dar( MRS F ROBERTSON JONES Actwg Pretdent MRS FRANCES B ACKERYANN Trea~ut~ YRS LEWIS L DELAFIELD Vwo-Prendsnt YR J NOAH H SLEE Arwtad T~OMIH BOARD OF DIRECTORS MRS ROBERT HUSE Fzscutioe Secretary CLINICAL RESEARCH DEPARTMENT DR JAMES F COOPER Yedwal Director DR HANNAH Y STONE Chief of Stab Rev Ernest Caldleot, N Y Rabbi Rudolph I Coffee, PhD, W Rev Philip Frick, N Y Dean Thyrsa W Amos, Pa Leon J Cole. PhD, Wise Edward M East, B S, PhD, Yass Franklin H Giddmes. PhD, N Y Samuel J Holmw, 6h.D. C& Roswell H Johnson, M S, Pa NATIONAL COUNCIL CLERQYIEB Rabbi Sldney E Goldstein. N Y Rev Oscar B Haww, N J Rabbi Louis Mann, I11 BCIENTZBTB E C Lindeman, Ph D, N Y C C Little, D Sc, Mich Wfliam MeDougall, PhD, Maas James G Needham, PhD, N Y Wm F Oghurn, PhS, N Y Raymond Pearl, Ph D, Y d Rev Karl Reiland, N Y Rev Edgar S Wiers, N J Rev L Griswold William* P a Walter B Pitkin, PhD, N Y Horatio I Pollock, Ph D, N Y Lothrop Stoddard, PhD, Yaas J E W Wallin, Ph D, Ohio John B Watson, Ph D, N Y Walter F Willcox, Ph D, N Y A B Wolfe, PhD, Ohio Joseph L B~er, IU H B Brainerd, W James F Cooper, N Y John Favlll, Ill AHee Hamilton, Mass Frederick C Heckel, N Y Donald R Hooker, Yd Alice Stone BLaekweU, Mass George Blumenthal, N Y James E Bmoks, N J Jwie P Condit, N J Herbert Cmly, N Y Prs Belle De Revera, N J Thendore Dreiser, Calif Prs Ernest R Adee, N Y Yrs Oakes Amw, Yass Rwmond H Arnold, Calif Mrs Robert Perkins Baas, N H Yrs Wdter L Benson, I11 In John E Berrlnd. N Y Lowell Brentano, N Y Yrs John Scott Bmwnlng, N Y Yra W E Cannon, Mass Mr and Yra Thomas L Cbadboumc, N Y William Hamlin Cbllde, N Y Mrs Stephen Clark, N Y Yrs Frank I Cobb, N Y Yrs John Dey, N J Yrs John Allen Dongberty, D C. PHYBICZABB Amelia R Kellar, Iud S Adolphus Knopf, N Y Lawrence Litehfield. Pa ~ Earl Lothrop, N Y ' Ellsabetb Lord Love, N J Adolph Meyer, Yd OTHER PROREBBIOBALE Ernest Gruening, N Y Florence Bayard Hllles, DeL Sindair Lewis, N Y Judge Ben Lindaey, Colo Owen Lmejoy, N Y Robert M Lovett, 1U James Y Yanrer, Pa LAY IEYBERB Yrs Boyd Dudley, N Y Yrs Simeon Ford, N Y Yrs Kate Crane Garb Caw Yrs Robert B Gregory, Ill Miss Florence Halrey, N J Yrs H G Hlll,Wf Mrs Fenley Hu~ter, N Y Mrs William Swain James, W Yrs Helen Hartley Jenkb. Conn. Mrs Plem Jay, N Y Y rs Otto Kshn, N Y Yrs W W Knapp,N Y Mra Jamw Lk Laidlaw, N Y Mra Arthur L L.rrrnCG N Y Mrs Frank P Lea&, N Y EUsabeth Severn, N Y Mary Shaw, N Y Mrs Georglanna Tucker, N J Florem Guertin Tuttlc, N Y Ruth Vin-t, Colo Mrs Albert Walker, T ~ M Mary Wtnsor, Pa Yrs Sindair Leals, N Y M rs Edward A Lingcnfelter, Iowa Yrs Stanley MeCormleL,N Y Prs WILUam A MeGraw. MLb Yrs L Ne-, Utah Ym End huh, Pa Yrs C C Rumsey, N Y Mrs Homer St Gaudens, N H Yrs W F Spangler, Ind Yrs T J Swanton,N Y Yra Shelley Tolburst, M f Yrs J Bishop Vandever, N Y Mr8 Henry Vlllard, N Y Yrs Norman der Whitehonue, N Y Yrs Pope Yeatman, Pa

3 TEN GOOD REASONS forbirth CONTROL Last month we gave Woman's Right as the first and most personal reason for Birth Control The Use of Harmless and Effectwe Mechan~cal or Chemlcal Methods of Prevention, called Contraceptives This month we glve Reuson II-MARRIED LOVE Thrs rs the rtght of two, husband and wtfe, to learn to know each other, to hold and desrre each other's love and to lay the basts of mutual understandtng on whtch to found a home MARGARET SANGER SAYS - "Men and women have been endowed wrth th~s dynam~c energy, wh~ch we name passlon, for the roundlng out, the development, the fulfillmg and the beaut~ficatmn of theu nature3 Those who deny n expresston, who combat at, or who refuse to partlctpate m it, cut themselves off from the zest and the poetry of hfe "If the brrde 1s enforced Into an uuwrll~ng or acc~dental pregnancy dur~ng the honeymoon or the early stages of the11 manta1 love, the young husband 1s deprrved of the poswhle opportunrty of knowmg h~s wlfe durlng one of the most lnterestlng stages of her development "It takes tune to arrlve at a full and sympathetic uuderstandmg of each other, and mutually to arrange llves to 1ncrea3c thls under standlng Out of the mutual adjustments, harmony must grow and d~rcords gradually disappear These results cannot be obtamed ~f the problem of parenthood IS thrust upon the young husband and wrfe before they am splrltually and ecouom~cally prepared to meet ~ t " HAVELOCK ELLIS SAYS - "Sexual pleasure, wlsely used and not abused, may prove the sttmulus and hberator of our finest and most exalted actlvmes largely thrs remarkable functton of sexual pleasure whlch IS dec~slve msettlxng the argument of those who clam that contmence 1s the only alternatwe to the anrmal (procreatwe) end of marnage That argument xgnores the hberatmg and harmonmng ~nflucnces, g ~v~ng wholesome balance and sanlty to the whole organom, Imparted by a sexual un~on wh~& 1s the outcome of the psych~c as well as phys~cal needs There IS, further In the analnment of thls spmtual end of marrlage much more than the benefit of each znd~v~dual separately There 1s that 1s to say, the effect on the union ~tself For through barmon~ous sex relat~onshrps a deeper spmtual unlty 1s reached than can posslbly be denved from contlnence In or out of marnage, and the marrlage arooc~at~an becomes an apter Instrument In the serv~ce of the world Apart from any sexual cravlng, the complete splrrtual contact of two persons aha love ecah other can only be attamed through some act of rare lntrmacy No act can be qwte so lntmate as the sexual embrace It 1s needless to lnslst how ~nt~mately thlr second end of marrlage 1s hound up wlth the practtce of Blrth Control It 1s T 2 ; y : l ; born chtldren at ts essenttal that the functron of motherhood should be elevated to a posttron of drgntty and thrs 1s tmpossrble as long as conceptron remarns a matter of chance Declaration of Prlncrples of Amerlcan Blrth Control League LORD DAWSON SAYS - "If you don't start llfe wlth a head of steam you wont get far Sex love has, apart from parenthood, a purport of m own It 13 somethmg to prtze and to chensh for ~ ts own sake It IS an essent~al part of health and happmesr In marnage If sexual unmn IS a grft of God, lt 1s worth learnlng how to use ~t Wlthln ~ts own sphere rt should be cultivated so as to brrng physlcal sansfact~on to both, not merely to one The attarn ment of mutual and rec~procal joy IU thelr relations const~tute a firm bond between two people, and makes for durabdlty of therr marrlage ue Reclproelty IU sex love 1s the physrcal counterpart of sympathy More mar rlages fad from Inadequate and clumsy sex love than from too much sex love The lack of proper under standrng 1s In no small measure respons~ble for the unfulfilmeut of connubial happiness, and every degree of dm content and unhapprness may, from this cause, occur, leadlng to rupture of the marriage bond aself WARNER FITE SAYS - "Among personal relat~ons none rs more replete w~th s~gmficance than the sex relat~on, and none makes a rlcher contrrbut~on to the content of hfe In any dtscussron of the ethm of Blrth Control, the rrghts of the marnage relat~on as an end In rtself are bound to bold a central posltron And ~f marrlage 1s to he regarded as an end, and not merely as a means ~t seems to me that the conclur~on 1s obvlous as an end important In ~tself, marrrage should represent a cbolce unencumbered, as far ar poss~ble by extraneous obhgatlons, and thls means that, wlth~n the l~mlts of health and safety, we are just~fied In employing all the resources of knowl edge to render marrtage ferule or ~nfertde, as those In questron may see fit" OLIVE SCHREINER SAYS - 'I would base all my sex teachlng to chlldren and young people on the beauty and sacredness of sex Sex mtercourse 1s the great sacrament of hfe he that eateth and drmketh unworthdy eateth and drmketh hlo ow; damnatmn but at may be the most beautiful sacrzment between two souls who have no thought of chddren

4 VOL XI1 FEBRUARY, 1928 No 2 EDITORIAL CONTENTS POEMS, by RaIflh Chtyney 39 HAVELOCK ELLIS As a Prophet, by Hamlon Fyfe 4a The Lrght of Understandmg, by Hugh de Lhncourt 41 HIS Aid to Psycho analyrra, by Gertrude Donrger 43 The Phyarc~an, by Hoprrlon Prlerson 44 Some Rernmlscencer, by Perczoal Chubb 45 A Trlbute, by George Setbe1 47 A Tnbute, by Waldo Frank 48 SPEAKING OF THE CONFERENCE, by Abraham Stone, M D 48 MARGARET SANGER COMES TO BERLIN, by Agnes Smedley 50 HEARTFELT APPRECIATION, edited by Mary Pokrnss 52 BOOK REVIEWS 55 MARRIAGE IN THE PRESENT AND THE FUTURE, by Haorlock Ellts (from The Forum) 58 THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN BIRTH CONTROL LEAGUE 60 A LETTER FROM ENGLAND 62 AN APPEAL FROM FRANCE 64 CORRESPONDENCE 65 BIRTH CONTROL REVIEW -HW The Amerlcan Birth Control League, Inc 1W FIFTH AVENUE NEW YORK CITY MABG~PZT SANGEB, Editor ANNE G POBBITT, Aaawtant Editor MaPY SUMNEB BOYD, M4~1~gnag Edstor Th. BY BIRTH CONTROL REVIEW IS pnbluhd on tba hnt of the month Entered M Ssond Class Matter March 11, 1918, at the Poet- & at New York, N Y., under the Act of March S, 1879 (Cogynghf 1928, Amerrcan Bwlh Control hagut, Inc ) OUR CONTMBUTORS HAMILTON FYFE, an Engluh purnalwt and edt tonal mter, dramatw cntrc and r-er, w author of books on polrt,cal queatwma, plays, and volumes of cntrcrsm HUGH DE SELINCOURT, Engluh mveht and cntw, w author of "One Little Boy" (A and C Bow, N Y) GERTRUDE DONIGER ia a student of rocwbgg and psychology She w nao morkwq mth one of the great Amencan psycho-a&ta PERCIVAL CHUBB w an educator, lecturer, and leader of the St Lmw Ethwal Cdture Soelety GEORGE SEIBEL w lsterary and dramatlc edttor of the Psttsburg SwTelegraph AGNES SMEDLEY, an Amencan teachcng tn Berh, was actme rn the early days of the Bwth Control Mmement tn New York Csty FLOYD DELL, author of many novel, the latest of whcch as "The Unmarrsed Father", has wntten much an the questsun of sex and mrnage Hss "Outlane of Marntage" m Amenca by the Amerwan Bwth ControZ Leagzle HUDSON CHAPMAN, formerly wtructor at Yale and the Uncverssty of Penmylvarua, now on the Facdty of Oberlcn College, Ohao, presents the vzew of a young parent and a teacher who deals constantly mth adolescent students ABRAHAM STONE, M D, who accompamed Dr Hannah M Stm, Clsnwal Dwector of the Ameman Barth Control League, to the World Poplatton Conference, u an wtrwtor at the Post-Graduate Hosptal, New York He has been lecturing on sex problems for mamy years ISAAC GOLDBERG, cntw and bwgrapher, pblrshed two gears ago "Havelock E k, a Cnticd Study" (Scmon and Schuster, N Y ) WALDO FRANK, editor, lsterary and art cnttc, rs author of "Our Amenca", "The Dark Mother", "Virgm Spawa" and many other books RALPH CHEYNEY, poet, lecturer, and e&tor of Contemporary Verse ha recentlg pblwhed a volume of verse "Touch and Go"

5 Birth Control Review VOL XI1 FEBRUARY, 1928 No 2 A EDITORIAL GAIN we celebrate the B~rthday month of the soc~al questions now do not seem to thlnk ~t necesgreat liberator of the world from sex fears sary to argue the quest~on They s~mply take Birth and sex tabus Freedom 1s not yet wholly won, but Control for granted, as part of the bas~s on wh~ch the way out of darkness mto l~ght has been broken any better soc~al structure must be built Such IS through, and hundreds of thousands of men and women are rejoicing In a new and happ~er concepthe att~tude of Thomas Vernor Sm~th, In "The Democrat~c Way of L~fe" and of Huntmgton and t~on or hfe, ~ ts forces, ~ts beauty, its joys and ~ts Wh~tney m "The Budders of America" Professor marvels-a concept largely due to the proneer work E A Ross makes a more defin~te appeal for Birth of the poet and philosopher whom we honor th~s Control In "Standmg Room Only", but one could month What he bas meant to other thinkers and ate book after book, among those recently pubwriters IS told In them own words m the followmg l~shed, where B~rth Control IS accepted as essent~al, pages But there are m~ll~ons who are benefitmg rather than advocated as a reform Many magafrom the work of Havelock Elhs, who yet have zlnes and per~od~cals have opened them pages to never heard h~s name It 1s only the few who have artlcles and letters giving the pros and cons on come mto d~rect intellectual and spiritual contact B~rth Control or announcmg ~t as the subject of an wth h~m, but these few have passed on the torch to Open Forum Among the events of 1927 also must an ever-mcreasing circle of learners and hsteners, be recorded the great Enghsh debate held by the and there IS no wr~ter or teacher doing h ~s or her Cambridge Un~on when Blrth Control, after a part for sex enl~ghtenment, who does not owe some- magnificent forensic d~splay, was approved by a thing, d~rectly or ~nd~rectly, to Havelock Ell~s We vote of 512 to 315 are glad to be able to announce that th~s year w~ll see the $ubl~cation of a new book on Elhs by Houston Peterson A G P EWSPAPERS and period~cals have been N full of reviews of the varlous happenrngs of 1927 But no review of the past year 1s complete which does not take note of the tremendous growth of the movement towards B~rth Control After a long struggle, at the beg~nning of wh~ch the advocates of Blrth Control were volces crylng m the wilderness and findlng few to hsten, Birth Control seems now to be tak~ng the $ace In the mmds of men ko whlch ~ ts ~mportanc entltles ~t Gradually the Idea began to penetrate and B~rth Control fou~ld supporters among sc~eut~ats and thmkers The new aspect of the movement 1s that wr~ters on M ORE sgn~ficanthan l ~ oplnlon, v 1s ~t that in 1927 there was adistinct awakenmg~nthe medlcal profess~on to the unportance of B~rth Control The profess~on 1s being urged by some of the more far-sighted of ~ts own members to "stop dr~vmg the subject of B~rth Control to propaganda organizat~ons, and try ourselves to regulate control of concept~on", an admon~t~on wh~ch was lack~ng unt~l the propaganda organ~zat~ons had beaten a path along whlch the med~cal profess~on could advance mth ease and comfort The way of the doctor was made easler In 1927 by the Report made by the Spec~nl Committee to the Nat~onal Counc~l of Public Morals, wh~ch was publrshed In London in November Th~s Comm~ttee recorded ~ts oplnlon that "no ~mpedlment should be plwed In the way of married couples wh~ deslred lnformat~on as to contracep

6 Bzrth Control Revtern tives, when this was needed for med~cal reasons, or States who w~ll have abhty to do creative work and because of excessive ch~ld-bearing or poverty" It be fit for leadership About 4 per cent of all Ameralso recommended the glving of such mformat~on lcan citlzens come w~thln this class Every 48 secby medical pract~t~oners and at hosp~tals The t~me onds a person is born who wlll never grow up menseems to be speedily comlng when the medlcal pro- tally beyond the age of a normal 8 year old ch~ld, fession, forgetting ~ ts long reluctance, w~ll unhesi- every 50 seconds a person IS committed to jail in tatingly claim contrdception as a necessary part of the United States Very few normal persons go medical pract~ce They will not be allowed the to jail " There 1s no true Eugen~cs-no practical whole field w~thout protests from the Econom~sts, Race Betterment-that does not have Rirth Conwho were out m favor of Brth Control while the trol as ~ ts base doctors, In general, were st111 hesitant It is worth noting in thls revlew of progress in 1927 that Blrth Control and its Relation to the Food Supply was one of the quest~onsuggested for those who wished HE price soc~ety pays for crlme 111 money is to compete for the Thousand Dollar Econom~c prize, offered for the 24th time, through the gen- T on14 part of what ~t pays The whole pnce, the perverted cur~os~ty and perverted sympathy a erosity of Hart Schaffner and Marx of Chlcago, shocking crime may arouse, 1s a far heav~er one and supervised by the Committee of wh~ch J The melodrama of the Snyder case has come to an Lawrence Laughlin of the Univers~ty of Chicago is end, but ~ ts effects are not over Personal~t~es like chairman Ruth Snyder and Judd Gray are the true udt, them influence IS even more fateful than then crlme and the ev~dence they furnish of the morb~d m- stincts to which the crowd responds calls for eugenic action So far is the newspaper reading publ~c debased that it went to Ruth Snyder for an opinion on B~rth Control Just after her conv~ction the HE recent Race Betterment Conference, held papers publ~shed a attack by her in which she sa~d T at Battle Creek, M~chigan, January 2-6,~ an that a houseful of ch~ldren would have saved her example of the universal acceptance of Birth Confrom sin The bankruptcy of the opposit~on 1s trol We have no story of the Conference to pubshown by the character of this witness they brmg 11sh in the BIRTH CONTROL REVIEW this month forward The Synder case is a most convlncmg The reason IS that, from the offic~al program, Blrth argument for Birth Control Ruth Snyder should Control-the cornerstone of the arch of race betternever have had any children The child Mrs Snyment-was omitted But we have the evidence of der left behmd IS far the most pitiable figure m the Dr S Adolphus Knopf, who was refused the privldrama, but we can at least be thankful that she had lege of speakmg on this subject but requested to only one For children are forced not only to bear speak there on tuberculosis, that Birth Control was the stigma before the world but the inner stlgmata present unoffic~ally throughout the sessions A of a bad mheritance good three-quarters of the speakers, he states, made Not the smallest ev~dence of the need for Birth it part of them program And what brought it Control eugenlcs IS the ev~dence this case presents home to those at the conference who may not have that even the decent mstincts of the public are gven it much thought before was the statistics, crookedly applied It IS inexcusable crlmes such graph~cally exhibited by electr~c t~me signals, of as th~s wh~ch stimulate oppos~t~on to capital pun~shthe Amencan Eugen~cs society We have glven ment Thls is unjust, for as long as a campalgn these before In the BIRTH CONTROL REVIEW, but they should be learned by heart "Every second", sa~d the I~ghts, "crime costs Amer~ca $100,000, every 15 seconds $100,000 go for the care of persons w~th bad hered~ty, such as insane, feebleminded, and other defectives Every 16 seconds a person IS born in the Un~ted States, every 7% mlnutes a h~gh-grade person IS born m the Unlted against cap~tal pun~shment is assoc~ated with such cases, decent and thoughtful people will be antagonized When Birth Control has cut down the huge proportions of the problem of unfitness, when hu- mamty, furn~shed w~th a normal mher~tance and a normal and ample env~ronment itself grows normal, cap~tal pun~shment m11, with very l~ttle ag~tation, become an mst~tut~on of the dark past I wsh to pay my tnbute to a great man and a great W er, to whom I am deeply Indebted UPTON SINCWR to HAVELOCK ELLlS

7 February, THOSE who fear a world in which the pro- outside the home after the menopause ended the T portions of young and old wdl be changed by annual ch~ldbearing of a generation ago This, we Brth Control and the prolongation of life by med- reallze as we read the monumental history of wom- ~cal science, Hen1 y Dw~ght Chapm's article, "Is Llfe Worth Prolonglng?" In the January Forum an suffrage, is what made that movement in the earller years possible Throughout the ages also, namll brmg encouragement Dr Chapin's them 1s tlons have glven to the matured wlsdom of their senthat when the diseases of maturity-those diseases ates, to the groups of their elders, at least an equal which still successfully resist sclence-are con- share In government wlth the younger men Youth quered, and the number of those who h e past mid- IS characterized more often by the crudlty of Inexdle age ~ncreased, we shall not have a crowd of senile perience than by lnspired w~sdom On the backdependents to support On the contrary there wdl ground of what we have learned, we ought to be, be a larger group of men and women of great knowledge, w~d experience and rlpe judgment to and m most cases are, better equ~pped at fifty to meet new emergencies and undertake new enterasslst In the work of the world He gves examples pnses than is youth at 25 with no background at all to prove that the mlnd does not stagnate at fifty, Dr Chapin protests the disparagmg of matur~ty in and for each of h~s examples, a multitude of others business and profess~onalife, which is the pushing come to mmd One startling example, or group of aside of those the best part of whose productwe life examples from the past was the not uncommon blos- has just begun, to make room for the unregulated sonung forth of women mto constructwe act~v~t~es flood of new llfe that threatens to swamp the world NOW OUR BABY IS BORN Now the appomted t~me has come When your young body 1s the drum On wh~ch 1s pounded martyrdom Now when you are sola ate Through you all future t~mes create You are the bndge You are the gate Whde I who shared mth you love's tang Cannot assume your eas~est pang L~fe bares a pomted, flammg fang Now body knows earthquake and storm D~stortmg when love-flesh was warm Now tmy cry bes~de racked form And when th~s crumpled petal Puck Fmt qulvers close and you glve suck, My heart's a bell you both have struck These moat ~ncred~ble, wee hands Must not be bm~sed by trade's demands They are as soft as corn-sdk strands Th~s head be safe from any st~ng- Now soft as baby owlet wmg- Th~s mouth find hfe a tune to slng For just ourselves ~t's httle worth To storm the dungeons of the earth, But on for those we brmg to b~rth' SECOND EPITHALAMIUM Now I am wholly lifted up, I am a cloud that forms a cup I that was ebb-t~de turned to flood, The sun stooped down for earth's cool blood I shall qu~cken the sod that IS and now R~ch, dark r~pples at touch of plow 1 Now I make peace w~th my body once more, Home to ~t, one mth ~t, savor ~ ts lore All the old wonder and new dehght Now pulse through my roots and flood me w~t hght The roots dnnk sun and feed the sod, Gropmg mth roots I reach to God "Male and female created He them" That through each other they touch HIS hem A k~ss 1s man's smcerest prayer When God of God becomes aware, For "God 1s love" and God IS sex The act shows clear where the creeds perplex You move w~th the moon, dear, breathe mth the tde In fellowsh~p to me denled, And whde I fret staccato measures You taste of dehcate, suffused pleasures But, sleepmg beauty, you wa~t my wakmg For God must be born from the shell of our breal~ng -RALPH CHEY\EY In "Contemporary lcrse"

8 Havelock Ellis l3zrth Control Remew A BOUT THE WORK of Havelock Ell~s In well as surprlse I almost expected the Archb~shop the field of sex and ~ ts vagarles I know noth- of Canterbury to swoop down on me for havmg mg That subject has no mterest for me I should such a book In my possesson hke to speak of h~m as an mterpreter of life and 11t- Not, let me say again, that there was anythmg erature, as an observer of the currents of h~s age, as m ~t to offend the most sens~t~ve taste, the most a prophet of th~ngs to come prud~sh ~mag~nat~on It was the ~deas m it that Nearly forty years ago I was a young newspaper took one's breath away It was the breadth of the man in London, far more attracted by the thought author's vlslon wh~ch made one feel that one had and the feelmg of wh~ch I was vaguely conscious In hved under a stuffy cloud of prejud~ce and quarterthe world about me than In the triv~aht~es of poll- truth tics and pohce-courts Much as the book helped towards a just apprecl- I had just begun to value the compan~onship of at~on of D~derot, Heme, Wh~tman, Ibsen and Tolbooks I read all that I could get hold of And stol, ~ ts greatest value was that Elhs used them to somehow or another I got hold of one called "The dlustrate his mterpretat~on of the new spmt His New Spir~t" plercmg glance lnto the future was a stimulus, an The name drew me to ~t w~th eager ant~c~pat~on encouragement HIS calm confidence m the truth I was aware of somethmg new m the alr Not even of what he pred~cted left no room (m my mmd at In the office of the London Tames where I then any rate) for doubt worked as a reporter could th~ somethmg be en- It 1s all happenmg as he sa~d ~t would Much of t~rely ~gnored Now I was about to find out ex- ~t has happened already I have no space to prove actly what ~t was th~s by quotat~on, but I must set down h ~s wlse and Who Havelock Elhs was I d ~d not know Very final answer to the parrot cry that Soc~al~sm would few had at that t~me heard his name even, so I was reduce all mankmd to a common level not to be blamed for my Ignorance I qu~ckly dls- The thmgs to be sociahzed, he sa~d, were those covered, however, that he was the man for me HIS th~ngs of which we all have equal common need To book seemed to bring more enlightenment to my the md~v~dual we must leave the control of mdmdmind than any smgle volume I had ever read ual~ty In another phrase, we were engaged m socialmg our phys~cal hfe In order to attam greater It was just the stuff to stn an ardent young Infreedom for our sp~r~tual l~fe Never has the d~stelhgence It was creative, ~t pushed boldly into tinction been more clearly stated the future, ~t pa~d no homage to the creeds and convent~ons of the moment but qu~etly shoved them to HAD TO wa~t some t~me before I could draw one s~de 1 refreshment and del~ght from another book by The wntmg was In no way abus~ve or ~ntolerant Havelock Ell~s Between 1890 and 1900 he pub- It was rad~ant with clear thmkmg, w~th good humlished several, but they were not for me At last, our My sense of the harmony of language was after ten years, I held In my hands "The Nmeteenth charmed by ~ts v~gour My head was filled w~th Century, a d~alague In Utop~a ~deas I " As soon as I had at last a key to the changes golng on looked mto ~ t, I was under the spell agam In the world Here can be found all the news wh~ch are held today by ~ntell~gent men and women throughout HE NEW SPIRIT, ~t appeared, was a qu~ck the world Twenty-e~ght years ago nearly all who enmg of the pulse of hfe (That pulse, I had cons~dered themselves mtelligent regarded war as a begun to thmk, needed qu~cken~ngf) The immedi- necessity and on the whole rather a good thmg, they ate causes were the enlargement of knowledge could not comprehend that nat~onal~ty and patnotabout the ongm and descent of Man, the rlse of Ism would ever be classed among the obstacles to Woman, and the comlng of Democracy clv~hzat~on They looked blank when the barbar- Fully to understand what msight, what courage, ~t~es of Industriahsm were ment~oned Beauty they were requ~red to m~te as Havelock Ell~s wrote beheved to be somethmg that art~sts manufactured then, you must have known what 1890 was hke Progress they professed thew fervent fa~th mn- His introduct~on left me gasp~ng-w~th del~ght as (Contrnusd on pagr 65)

9 February, 1938 T Havelock Ellis The Light of Understanding By HUGH DE SELZNCOUET HE SEVENTH and last volume of the Stu- artst would dare to attam or could attam), but bed~es m the Psychology of Sex wdl shortly ap- cause as lt cannot be too often msisted, all unsavonpear Amongst other h g s it will contam The ness exlsts m the eye of the beholder History of Flome which was first published m the What then const~tutes the magic dlfference be- Ammcan Psycho-analytgc Reuzew Val 6 Nos 3 tween the record of a case and a perfect httle work and 4, under the t~tle "The Mechamsm of Sexual of art? It is worth mquirmg mto, because the dif- Deviation" The work 1s the record of a case m ference IS as fundamental, and as simple, as the difwhch a woman was freed from a troublesome om- ference between seelng people (especially our plex fnends) m terms of what they are not, and seemg In one way ~t 1s perhaps the finest ahevement people (especially our fr~ends) in terms of what of Havelock Ehs one of the loveliest flowers on they are the dlfference between plus and mmus the great tree of his work Many other accounts of the difference between a creatlve att~tude towards cases exist wh~ch, bemuse the author 1s more gifted hfe and a negatlve att~tude towalds hfe, the d~fas psychologwt than writer, are expressed m a ference between growth and disease a d~fference sort of techcal shorthand whch IS bahg to the which ~t IS essent~al for every human bemg's health ordmary reader, and (one has the uncomfortable to recognm distmctly feehg) are meant to be ba&g The anc~ent Medicme Man was unwhg to free the unmtiated, on The Cure of Flome whom he hved, from the superstltlous dread of b From the polnt of view of &ease, Florrle was and used devices the fear of which we obviously aficted mth grlevous tendenc~es that have Medlcme Man uses cannot be mentioned outside a consultmg-room She terrmnology and assumes an authorlq which was B very mtelhgent woman, a strong supporter us have stdl seem of the Woman's Movement, appearing to those snxlous play On ourlgnorance for them Own ends around her as a dehghtful person m every way yet than to further Our edghtenment The orhry she 1s gripped by an overmastermg ev~l thing with honest man mshes become more honest Is at which she 1s quite unable to contend alone Fear first their parlance, then surprised at and virtuousness and self r~ghteous judgment-the detestation of each other and finally Is usual negative attitude towards hfe--would keep to turn them all as from her to the consultmg-room (of the prison) untd she who are desirous Own prestige and was fit to consort mth respectable persons She success than of the spread of msdom herself felt she was doomed for an asylum, mto Love of Truth whch the negat~ve attltude would qulte surely have &Iven Goethe m h~ maxuns makes two m e remarks her whch throw hght upon the matter m hand he says Fortunstely, however, for herself (and also as it "The first and last thmg requred of gemus 1s love turns out for all who care for the m~sterles of huof fiuth", and m another place he explauls what man nature) she read Love and Pan, in a volume love of t ~ t entails h "Love of truth shows of the "Sex Studes" and wrote to Havelock Ellis m tb, that a knows how to find and value the She got m touch mth the creative attitude towards good m everythmg " hfe, and was healed "Henceforth Florr~e knows I can thlnk of no work whch illustrates these herself She walks in hght where formerly she qmhhes more nlcely than the History of Flome stumbled m a darkness full of awful specters For whch m other hands would be the ~ LIUE~ record of years a mysteriously-cloaked, terrible figure had an unsavory case, lnstmct~ve perhaps to the mental seized her from behd ln an Iron clutch she could speclahst but of no mterest to the ordmary mtelh- not shake off, threatening her mth InsanltJ' and all gent man Havelock Elhs, however, 1s first and sorts of dreadful fates Now she IS able to turn foremost an artist, and m hs hands the mere record round and face it and the Iron clutch loosens of a me emerges lnto a perfect httle work of art, and the monster dissolves mto mlst, a mst that even mthout a single trace of unsavory element, not be- seems beautiful " cause any fact has been om~tted or slurred over (on And how was the conversion accoinpl~shed~ In the contrary there is a clarity whch none but an the same way as the conversion of the dull record

10 of a case mto a work of art was accomplished "The whole method needed to lnsure Florrle's progress lay In surrounding her with an atmosphere That atmosphere was slmply one of sympathetic comprehension " And like Florne, that 1s the atmosphere we find m readmg the account of her recovery The artist 1s not shocked, 1s not horrlhed, does not judge or condemn, hls one passlon is to understand To hm everythmg that lives 1s holy He sees a beautiful thmg trapped and stopped he releases the teeth of the trap by hls understandmg and frees what 1s imprisoned The Pasmon to Understand And this attltude of understandmg ~t 1s which brings it about that by the falthful relatlon of one case, that of Florne, hght 1s thrown not only on the mystery of a woman's nature but of all human nature No mtelllgent man or woman readmg thls account of a troubled woman healed could fall to learn somethmg of the secrets of them bemg, the knowledge whlch 1s most preclous to every one Perhaps the maln point whlch the light of understandmg m thls Hlstory illurmnates 1s the artlst's attltude towards what are generally regarded w~th horror as monstrous thmgs,-namely perversions The artlst does not see pervemons m the negatlve hght of fear and horror he sees them as part of human nature as part of his own nature For, from the creatlve pomt of new, a perversion resembles a broken spoke of a wheel, whlch obtrudes and becomes vlslble by bemg broken, but 1s none the less as sure a part of every human bemg as are the un- broken unseen spokes of a revolvmg wheel Or as an instrument m the great orchestra whlch 1s bemg used to the detrment or exclusion of other mstruments, but whlch 1s part of every full orchestra, and mthout whlch none of the finest symphonies can be performed The Greatness of EUM Thls llttle Hlstory of Florrle 1s a beautlful epltome of all Havelock Ehs's work Behlnd whom has not loomed th~s terrlble cloaked figure mth the lron gripwhlch understandmg alone can help a man to face so- that the non clutch loosens and the monster dissolves Into mist' Who has, through a long arduous hfe, carmg nothmg for sneers or obloquy or neglect, qu~etly, persistently, udmchmgly, llved and suffered and worked to lessen tbls mon- Barth Control Reorem ster's power, or rather by understandmg, to enable human belngs to we ~ts power, and turn ~t from s bllght and a devastation Into an msplratlon and a supreme joy 7 Who but Havelock Ell~sf He stdl llves he stdl works he stdl loves Gradually the generation 1s comng to realm that In ~ ts rmdst hves one of those rare spmts whom Whltman called Answerers Gradually they are beglnnmg to acclalm hun more gradually stdl some are beg~nnmg to learn from his work and to apply ~ ts beautlful wlsdom to the~r own llves, And thus ever so slowly but ever so lnevltably the sum of human happmess 1s increased Llves of hlm are wrltten and bemg wrltten They cannot dispose of hlm, they may attract to hls work Meanwhile thls Revzew contmues ~ ts yearly homage to the man m ~ts good February blrthday number and when Margaret Sanger asked me to contribute once agaln I accepted once agam as one accepts a great honor, though the result 1s only once agaln to try and stutter out one's gratitude and one's devotlon to a man whose llfe and whose work have brought one nearer to all that 1s preclous m one's own hfe, have quickened one's power of appreciatlon and have helped one to become somethmg of what one longs to become A chance on no account to be mlssed, ~f only to be able to write those great words 'Gamst death and all obliv~ous enmlty Shall you pace forth, consc~ous that the prophecy contamed m them 1s once agaln m beautlful course of fulfilment-to the lastmg benefit of mankmd Goodwill and Love Goethe says, and the beautlful kmshlp of spmt between these two great humanitarians glves vwld meanmg to hls words whlch, m splte of all modern smartness remam eternally true "Ill-mll and hatred llmlt the observer to the surface, even when associated wlth keen perceptlon On the other hand when keen perceptlon is closely unlted wlth goodwill and love, ~t penetrates the world and mankmd, and truly ~t may hope to attam to the hlghest " These words dispose of many clever fellows, but throw a steady hght upon the mmd of a man hke Havelock Elhs, helpmg all who read them r~ght, better to appreciate the value of hls work

11 February, 1928 OGETHER with the general current Interest T in psjcho-analysls and rather free use of Freudian terminology, are some badly confused ideas about analytic therapy To some, psvchoanalysis means nothing more than professional sanct~on for free love, to others ~t means the opening of a new and large field for salacious readlng Usually those who protest in loudest terms against the analytic technique have the least information on the subject and are wilhng to let the matter pass mth a word about the distinctive nature of human sexuahty Havelock Elis His Aid to Psycho-analysis Why, it is often asked, if psycho-analysis is a method of medical treatment for those suffermg from mental disorders, 1s the subject of sex always in the foreground durlng the major period of the analytic treatment? The answer is to he found m the precepts of conventional morality which has selected this natural impulse, above all others, for the dumping ground of taboos and threats Although American psychologists and soclal sc~ent~sts recogmze the narrowness of the orlginal view of Freud, which tended to reduce all motives to one connected mth sex, they have come to take cognizance of hls contribution to the understanding of human motives No one has helped us more toward this end, or pven us more carefully collected data on the lmpulses that underlie human conduct than Havelock Ellis While he does not claim the title of psychoanalyst for himself, we cannot fail to recognize the importance of his contnhutions In the study of sexual problems Freud does not wlth-hold his appreciatlon for the work of Ellis In connection wlth dream mechamsms when he refers to the investigations of the latter as "happy anticipations of our deductions", thus admitting Ellis Into the hrother- hood of ploneers In that field of research From time to time psychlatry acknowledges its indebtedness to Mr Ellis for the colnage of a technical term, or for the presentation of fresh clinical materlal lt is possible that the prejudice against analytlc therapy has already begun to relax, so that with the entrance of more medlcal men into that field and the continual spread of the analytic doctrlne we may expect to find more and newer terms and more case material We have already seen such a growth In By GERTRUDE DONIGER the teachings of Freud Whatever may be the changes in specific technique, Mr Ellis will remain our most comprehenslve, sclent~fic and moderate sexologist, upon whoin psycho-analysts have drawn hberally both for scientific facts and for a warm and sympathetic understrnding of the task before them Havelock Ellis has popularized the subject more efhectlvely and more inoffensively than any other scholar Rernovrng Inhzbrtrons In a series of lectures delivered at the University of Vlenna, Freud was careful to state that advice and guidance concerning conduct in life does not form an Integral part of the analytic method He stated that the analyst w~shes, as far as possible, to refrain from playing the part of the mentor and wants nothing more or better than that the patlent should find his own solutions for himself Thls is the process of education In the true sense that Mr Ellis hopes for The am of psycho-analysis, accordmg to Mr Ellis, 1s not "the suppression of natural mpulses nor even the installation of sound rules and maxims for thew control, not the pressmg In but the leadlng out of the ~ndividual' special tendencies It removes inh~b~tions, even inhlbltions that were placed upon the mdividual or that he consciously or unconsciously placed upon h~mself with the best moral intentions, and by so doing it allows a large and freer and more natively spontaneous morahty to come into play It has thls Influence above all in the sphere of sex, where such inhlbltions have been most powerfully laid on the nat~ve impulse, where the natural tendencies have been most surrounded by taboos and terrors, most tinged wlth artificial stalns of lmpurity and degradation de- rived from alien and antiquated tradltlons Thus the therapeutlcal experience of the psvcho-analysts reinforces the lessons we learn from physiology and psychology and the mtimate experiences of life " Mr Elhs has presented hls facts, he does not preach or frighten us Into heheving The value of his work remains In his slncerlty and hls wilhngness to carry his researches to them logical conclusions HIS diversity of interests has brought the results of hls lnvestlgatlons not only before psycho-analysts, but as well into the fields of sex hygiene, the psychiatry of sex and Blrth Control

12 F OR THE SPRING of 1928, Houghton, Mlfflin and Con~pany announce the publication of "Havelock Ellis-Philosopher of Love", a study of the development of Ellis' thought and work The author, Houston Peterson, an mstructor in philosophy at Columbia University, has given us the prmlege of using before publicat~on a passage whch tells of a little known side of Havelock Ellis' scientific training for his great work on the psychology of sex His interest in this subject began m his curiously phdosophic ch~ldhood At sixteen he decided that this should be his life study and in thls determination he never wavered until, in 1909, the great sixth volume, on the soclal apphcatlons of his subject, was finlshed The incident of the young boy's decision, which was to determine the course of his life for more than thlrty years, Mr Peterson describes "One evening he was walklng up and down an avenue of eucalyptus trees A thousand locusts sang the chorus to his meditations What was the meaning of this storm In his soul, why all this reticence about sex, why all this vague talk about s~n? Then and there he made up his mnd to devote h~mself to the study of the matter In order to save other yonng people from the perplexities which tormented hlm ' He would explore the dangerous ocean of sex, and perhaps find for humanity an earthly paradise " Thls was the first step The next was taken three years later when lie decided that the practical means of' beginning work was to take a medical course He entered St Thomas' Hospital, London, at the age of twenty and in 1889 he recelved his diploma Of the spirit m which the course was undertaken and the course itself, Mr Peterson says "In the mldst of thls arduous medical tramng, Ehs never forgot that he had undertaken ~t entirely as a means to further ends 'The work for me' he wrltes Ohve Schremer in May, 1884, 'hes in the things I have to say some day I cannot help makmg even doctoring subser v~ento that ' "The one subject of hls course In wh~ch Ellls distingutshed hlmself nas midwifery He was pven particularly good instruct~on by Dr H Gervis and Dr Robert - - Cory, authorities in obstetr~cs and the diseases of women While livlng at the hospital dunng two-weeh penods ~n the summers of , he made over a hundred delivenes among the poor people of Lambeth, Vauxhall and adjo~nmg d~strlcts Awakened in h ~s upper room at any hour of the night by a l~ngling bell, he would often be led away to some vermm-infested hole where water and light Havelock Ellis The Physician Bzrth Control Remew were scarce His first case was a drunken woman stretched out on the floor among her howling children One day a relative of a prospective mother came to the hosp~tal and requested Elhs's servlces in the following complimentary fash~on "Don't send any of those young students Send us that elderly gentleman, with the beard He 1s so very kind " The elderly gentleman was gettmg on toward twenty-five "In the same letter to Olwe Schreiner, Ellis sald that he liked most in hls medwal tralning the obstetrical work in the summers "If I don't learn much that is fresh in obstetrics I learn how the people live and think, which is very ~nterestmg, and also I enjoy the supreme luxury of hvmg and canng for them-knowing that I may because ~t 1s good for them It is quite a ncw and delmous expenence to them sometimea, and they are so grateful for what are really only httle silly nothings " N 1886 he finished his work in St Thomas and I two winters he spent as unquahfied assistant to a physician in the small minmg town of Dalton m Lancashire and later in the mill town of Blackburn Three years later he received his diploma and, mth mtervals for literary work, he spent the two succeedmg years substitutmg for practitioners "That marked the end of Elhs's medical career," says Mr Peterson "It took too much time from his principal work He had practiced long enough to gain the background that he needed and learn the secrets of the profession, not long enough to become calloused to suffering or lose the preclous sense of novelty where lndlv~duals are concerned Since then he has been a physlclan of souls, while keeping up wlth the developments in medmne to a remarkable degree Thls combination of mterests in Elhs was not merely fortu~tous or fortunate, it seems to have been essential In the past century to those students who pierced most deeply Into the secrets of the human mnd "Ellis the physician cannot be separated from Elhs the psychologist and cnt~c The years at St Thomas's were an mtegral part of hls career and he is a l~censed member of the Bnt~sh medical profess~on It would have been appropriate for that profession to eve hlm some ofliclal re~ugnlt~on ab the world's authonty on a not unimportant phase of human health, and the Roval Society might have made h~m a Fellow mthout lowenng its standards, but physmans and scientists generally are notonously reticent about that very act which brought them into ex~stence,-and EUls has not suffered senously from their neglect "

13 Havelock Ellis Some Reminiscences and Interpretations HE HAVELOCK ELLIS of whom I T shall wnte must be, in the main, the friend of long ago, and yet I feel that m essentials it mll be the Havelock Ellis of today For when, after many years, I looked him up in the summer of 1923, ~t was the same smple, genuine, quiet Ellis vho greeted me, as if we had parted but yesterday He was more august but here was the same ready smlle, the same upstanding figure, and,-&, yes!-the same old molluscous handshake Furthermore, here m the littered and dusty room was the same mdrfference to surroundmgs I had to find him out through the mean streets of a shabby suburb What a dwelling for an Olympian! But it reaffirmed the old paradox,-a high sensitiveness insensitive to the near-at-hand He was lodged m a dingy world, but he was not livmg there He dwelt still m an Epicurean garden of the mmd This is a first clue to him m his work Let me follow lt The early copy of "The Dance of Life," whch he then gave me, lies here heslde the cherished autograph copy of "The New Spirit," his first book, mailed to me overseas in 1890, soon after I had left hm In the later book I found the r~pened and ~nriched fruition of the first Ellis "arnved" wlth the first Although durmg the Interval of th~rtythree years, much has happened, the "new spirit" has carned over To be sure, Ellis the scientific m- vestlg&tor of Sex has mtemened, hut Elhs the hu- man~st essayist has survived and triumphed The general attitude toward life and the general outlook upon ~t remain m essent~als what they were The Real Olympm "I saw Ellisl" chortled one of our younger literary men to me on his return from England "Ah! there's your real Olyrnp~anl To look at as well as to talk w~th!" It 1s true This Jovian presence was in the making forty years ago The calm detachment, the far-rangmg eye, the simple dignity, were there m the old days But no thunderbolts' Never any heroics, never any outpourmgs of impetuous speech So it has continued There were, for mnstance, no lightrungs of wrath for those who maligned him when he explored the field of sex "Filthy-mnded!" they spat That charge arouses a fnend's mdignat~on Never was there so lud~crous a slander Here was one who Iived m the cool clean By PEBCIVAL CHUBB a~r of the uplands of thought His was-let me venture the word!-the chastest mmd I have ever known in a large and affluent nature HIS work on Sex like his handhg of the Woman question and Love nught almost be the work of a d~sembodied sp~rit He can't be vulgar There is not a trace of the satyr in him He is too astral,-too dispassionately scientific,-too imagmatively sens~tive I do not know where to look for the same fusion of scientific and esthetic endowment in the same fine balance HIS accusers were self-accused The ultimate explanation of this is that, desp~te hs estheticism, he does not actually live m the closeenfolding world of the senses There is no turbulence of the senses m his books these have little feel of personahty I recall the past again He was, above all things, shy and reticent He came to meetmgs, but said noth~ng Next day you m~ght get h~s reactions in a letter He was most h~mself at h~s desk, pen in hand The inner Ellis was a scribe Unworldly, yet human, solemn, yet suave, 111s personality is eluslve Olive Schreiner's audacious characterizat~on,-"a cross between Christ and a faunn,*-was a daring attempt to hit off that dual self,-now in grave repose, and now mth that faunish smde But we must not press it There 1s the broad conquering brow to reckon nth, its freight of knowledge and its robust and lucid mentality He- hra~c he is not, he is more Greek,-Alexandrian, perhaps The absence of the Hehra~c stress in him 1s a cardinal factor The d~sinterested intellectualism and the sensitive esthetic~sm leave no room for Hebraic ethical energy They are the clues, I have said, to his fine, clean handllng of Sex and Woman and Love They also explain the fact that this protean mmd 1s charactenzed by a striking eth~cal naiveti5 "There is no struggle on my brow " no seams and wrmkles of spiritual perturbation I used to think that he showed no sense of the agony and bloody sweat of human travail And his big hook confirms my early feeling about hlm Life is a dancer-not, 0 Imperial Sto~c,-your grim wrestlmg test He is on th~score as incorr~ghle as ever Religion is st111 for him an esthet~c anodyne, to which we resort when the dancmg becomes a hit - *See also her 11s or his study the letter

14 Bzrth Control Rmem feverish But for Ellis the dancmg IS an imagina- swer that looks like trifling to hard-beset human tive spectacle to spheric muslc The harsh chords, belngs Pain, suffering, disaster, desolation, the the harrow~ng dissonances, the broken melodies, he human cry, the prophetic soul,-how are these to seldom notes They do not seem to penetrate his be reckoned with? Th~s brilhant and beaut~ful ivory walls For him, as for Montaigne In his tower tapestry of the Dance-how shall it suffice us? To among his books, l~fe is spectacular, not partic~pa- cope with these questions would lead us into a diffitlve cult debate about first and last thlngs, and I merely Here I can scarcely help becoming personal I raise the issues as 1nvol1 ed in a critical understanding of Ellis's general temper and attitude tread on dangerous ground, but I belleve that Ellis the man is the key to Ellis the thinker and writer Ellis dancing was unthinkable Th~s or any other form of partmpat~on in the sportive Let me now turn to the personal equation in anworld,-ln athletics, In singng or yarnlng, or in other relationship For one who has enjoyed dramatics,-was foreign to the flesh-and-blood Ellis's quiet and sincere friendship the contrast fin- Ellis He is an Epicurean of imaginative retire- ally presents itself between the rich complexity of ment-a delighted spectator of the Dance He his writings and the simplicity of his nature and his tastes vicariously of these dances of the human ways We all felt his shy ret~cence, but we knew species, his imagnation rejoices in them, he that much was going on insde that reserved perweaves lovely patterns about them, he builds win- sonality, that he was reading voraciously, thinkmg ning theories out of them And he does it deftly unceasingly, writing much He was explonng and often with quite exquisite and entertaining corners we had never sighted, and discovering porskill And all this he does by virtue of the delicate tents we had never suspected He had taken up sensitiveness, the disinterested aloofness, the insati- a dozen scents we had never sniffed His s~mplicity able curiosity, the many-s~ded catholicity, and the was not that of an easy, amiable acquiescence He power of imagnative divination, which no other was stubbornly and openly independent We knew English essayist has exhibited his dissents and ant~pathies Here was the simplic- S~gn~ficance of ''The Dance of Lafe" ity of unassailable intellectual rectitude and frankness Ellis was incorruptible It is not my purpose to attempt any appra~sal of But there was more in it than that We were all his view of life, or to meet the question that arises deliberate "simplifiers" m those early days - we when we have put down "The Dance of Life" and were so for reasons, and ultimately for the reason ask,-what is the s~gnificance and value of this re- which emerges clearly In the closing chapter of markable contribution to the solvent thought of our Elhs's big book In the great battle between actme? What does it all amount to? But one re- quisition and the burden of mechanism and mateact~on is m place here, for its bearing on the pomt rial thmgs and, on the other side, living for creative I have ra~sed above To me the book is a some- and contemplative activity, we were enlisted for the what bewildering manifestation of sensitive recep- latter cause It sounds like "talkmg big", but tivity How many are capable of following this there was really very little pose m the attitude r~ch scientific-esthet~c responsiveness to the many Elhs is a proof His wr~tings do not suggest "pose" mterpretat~ons, scientific and sociological, philo- His career and his own very simple habit of life are sophical and poetic, art~stic and esthetic, of our a refutation of any such charge We were with the civilization? His is no touch-and-go, super6cial currents that flowed through Morns, Carpenter, acquaintance wth the endless file of writers and Tolstoy and others At our outings-wlth them tendenc~es he passes m review His is no patch- climactic shilling-teas at some rural tea-shop, veritwork eclecticism We have a closely textured pat- able festal banquetsl-we often read aloud undertern of thmking But the salient interrogation neath the bough on the Surrey hills or in Kentish is-what are the om~ssions? And the omisslon woods, Thoreau and Emerson and Whitman mth which counts for most IS that which concerns the a naive gusto ethical nawetc I have spoken of Ellis has no pa- True, there was an element of necessity in this hence with metaphysics and the ethical philosophy virtue We-say, a round score of us,-had to be of the schools The concept of personality scarcely simple We were impecunious I recall many a exists for him To the interrogation, What is man sixpenny luncheon and tea at the A B C tea-shops. m his ethical essence and how does the considera- -and many a dessert "off" pictures wth Ellm tion of his inner drama affect the thesis that Life afterwards. at the National Gallerv We went m 1s a dance?-there is no answer, or at least an an- perforce foi the simple things that were cheap But

15 February, 1988 ~t was not a case of sour grapes These thmgs, out- net and the Impresslonlsts,-and so on Thls must doors and m,-tramps, concerts, museums, hbrar- suffice to suggest the manlfold Influences at work les, cheap books,-were to be had by the amb~tlous in those days of ferment, and all of them were forpoor For Ellls ~t was a matter of slmphfymg the matwe lnfluences for Elhs No one was more sencondlt~ons of lwmg so as to be free to do hls work s~tlve to them, or more easlly was In touch w~th And that work was complex In a complex contem- them, and no one was more sensltlve and asslmllaporary sltuatlon We pass on, then, to th~s com- tlve of them plexlty of the environment Ellls IS then a frult~on of these seemmgly con- Here we reach the root of the sub~ect, we have the trary forces,-simwllficatlon and comwlex~tv He key to Ellis's perlod of gestation To understand hls var~ety and many-s~dedness we must conslder his Inborn curloslty and sens~tiveness m the midst of stands for the endgavor to harmonlzelthem" That accounts for h~s eclect~clsm and hls esthetlc~sm And that accounts for the relatlon m hls work, or what I am tempted to call the English Renascence, lack of relatlon, between reallty and ~magmat~on -the days of the New Spmt, the seethmg Elghtles, Here I must end abruptly We have to catch up the turn of the tlde, the blrth of the modern spmt In with Ellls We are not In the best mood to-day to England That IS too long a story to tell, and ~t profit by hm Nor are we in the best mood to dlshas never been adequately told A few references cern whereln he must be supplemented, as to speak must suffice The New Soclnl Conscience, as Henry personally, I thmk he must be To say that h~s D Lloyd called ~t, was born after the epoch of splrltuallzed Epicureamsm must be tempered by a Lalssez Fare Ind~v~duallsnl "The Bltter Cry of neo-stolclsm IS to cover the Issue only partially I Outcast London" was heard, and Toynbee Hall am thlnklng of a Sto~clsm cut loose from the dewas one of the many responses Toynbee hlmself termlnlsm whlch must be fatal to the free creatwe expressed the influence of Ruskln, the Greens, actmty wh~ch Ellls h~mself regards as the one thlng Hmton, Besant Soclahsm, Land Nationahzatlon, needful There must be the ethlcal cover to save us Ph~losophlcal Anarch~srn, Fablanlsrn, the Unlvcrs- from the paralyzmg extravagances of our modish ~tv Excns~on Rlovement, the Arts and Crafts move- mecbanlstlc bent Mechan~sm IS for Slaves "Creamknt, the New Drama (after Pmero, Ibsen I remember attendmg the first performance of Ibsen mth Elhs and Olive Schrelner), the new Internat- ~onallsm, due to the vogue of Ibsen and the Scandmavlans, Tolstoy and the Itusslans, and the newer men of Germany and France, the lnvaslon of Mo- tme", Ellls's key-word, carrymg the postulate of Ethlcs as well as Esthetics, IS the word to save us from the concept of llfe as mere puppetry-accompanled, however, as ~t strongly IS, by Promethean protest from all those who have any creatlve urge And wlth these Ell~s belongs H Havelock Ellis A Tribute to the Master from George Seibel AVELOCK ELLIS IS more than a psychologlst, more than a llterary man he IS an apostle of the new spmt In sclence and art That spmt IS the spmt of truth snd llberty All about us are the anclent mh~bltlons, hke ghosts of the past, shrouded In terr~fylng words People fear these words, and are afrald to transgress the taboos for whlch they stand Havelock Ellls has been one of those cho~ce splrits who have shown that these words are merely sound, that behmd them IS nothmg but shadows, and that they cannot bar the way ~f hu- manlty IS really free He has a plercing sc~ent~fic vlslon and a lucid llterary style Others have seen as clearly, but have not been able to set forth as clearly what they saw Others have had the glft of expression, but have lacked the plercmg eye and the ac~d lntelllgence It IS thls that has made Havelock Ellis a forces major prophet of man's march toward the promlsed land of tomorrow Look at hls p~cture--does ~t not remmd you of the Sargent frieze? We had hlrn as one of the Seers and Savlors of the race!

16 I Havelock Ellis A Trlbute From Waldo Frank Bwth Control Rmew F one's adm~rat~on for Havelock Elhs 1s based taded comment There IS mtellectual herown m on true understandmg, the ~mpulse to pralse th~s career I have felt ~t m all that I have read of h~m 1s offset by one's reluctance to employ vague h~m I know nothmg of Mr Ebs's personal hfe, words m appreclatlon of such a man Only a com- and I do not refer to the rather common hero~sm of plete mastery of Is work can just~fy breakmg the any creator In our possessive age the hero~sm that sdence of one's respect for Havelock Ells And I makes a man gwe up the rmserable prms of success have no such mastery I have read a number of for the far greater guerdons of the spmt What I hls books, but I have not read all My experience refer to 1s a herolsm of a rarer sort a certam mexof h~m 1s of a man whose mmd 1s sens~tlve and Im- orable self-standard, a samt-llke test of one's own mense, whose spmt 1s almost femlnmely subtle and conv~ctlons and sensat~ons, before any object This yet adventurous m measures vastly beyond the man's W~sdom would have seemed sound to the petty spec~ahzatmns of our age Havelock Ebs Rabb~s of the Talmud, hls Truth would have been 1s both a scholar and a poet each gft m hm has judged well-won by the severest adepts among the spurred the other on each has made the man suffer, Hmdus He has sought understandmg m psysuffer creatively the fulfillment of both m a hfe chology, m pathology, m hterature, m rac~al and marvelously quck mth search and understandmg soclal problems, mth a rehgous spmt To every has made a hero Th~s 1s probably the tra~t one has detad of hs mnumerable Interests he has brought a leas^ hes~tance m notmg, when one's ~mperfect wholeness of acceptance--whlch 1s to say a holmess knowledge of Havelock Ell~s's work bars from de- of spmt He 1s a truly rehgous man Speaking of the Conference AM bemg constantly asked", sald Slr Bernard "I Mallet, the chairman of the conference, m h~s openmg address, "what are the preclse objects for whch ths conference has been called" Th~s query was put forward not only by vlsltors, for many of the delegates themselves were ev~dently qute uncertam as to the eract alms and purposes of the gathermg Slr Bernard hunself caut~ously ventured to suggest that "a full hscusslon on purely sclentlfic lmes of the theones, facts and stahstlcs relatmg to populat~on problems mll lead to a greater lnternatlonal agreement" Undoubtedly a certam amount of mternat~onal good-mll has been engendered by the conference, and a basls la~d for future meetmgs and d~scuss~ons Judgmg, however, from the marked d~fferences of opmon and vlewpomts expressed by the representatives of the varlous natlonal~t~es, m11 requlre many, many more conferences for anythmg llke an mternat~onal agreement regardmg the populahon problems of the world Nevertheless the services of those responsible for the plannmg and convenmg of the conference cannot be overest~mated The problems of populahon are extremely complex and mtlmately bound up wlth nat~onal, rehg.lous, and poht~cal sentiment, w~th raclal sympath~es and anhpathles, wrth a strong emot~onal b~as To have been able to bnng together respresentatwes from a den or more nat~ons for the dehberatlon of a mulhtude of such problems IS a noteworthy accomphhment m itself To have had the debates take place on a hlgh mentlfic plane, w~th comparatively httle rancor and mth at least an apparent open-mmdedness was a h e example of the spmt of sclentlfic research, and a tr~bute to the smcer~ty and the tad of the organlzers There are those who would say perhaps that the apparent decorum and absence of hosthhes dunng the meetmgs was due m no small part to the dlfiicultles of language The offic~alanguages of the

17 February, conference were English and French All printed material appeared in both languages, but during the sessions papers were read and discussions carried on In one language only, at times In English and at times in French dependmg upon the nationality and learmng of the speaker The assumption was apparently that all present would understand both English and French Unfortunately one could readily observe that thls was not the case There were many delegates who understood but one of these tongues, and there were some who understood neither Under the circumstances the best one could do was to assume a silent and respectful attitude It is indeed difficult to become excited over a theory or proposition when it is expressed m a language mth which one has but a passing acquaintance Doubtless the harmony would have been less perfect if Esperant-the suggestion of one delegatehad been the common language used! It should be mentioned, however, that some of the difficulties caused by the differences of languages were compensated for by the "Journal" The "Journal" was pubhshed daily during the conference period, and contamed the papers and discusslons of the previous day together mth the program for the followmg sessions It was prmted in English and in French, in two parallel columns, and was supphed to the delegates at theu hotels every momg The "Journal" was quite an achevement, and was made possible ent~rely through the generosity and efforts of Mr Slee An evaluation of the accomphshments of the congress cannot read~ly be made The results of such meetmgs are frequently too intangible to be precisely defined Certainly, many theories and viewpoints, often nationally cherished, were subjected to crit,wal analyses by men from other countnes, many new avenues of approach to the population problem were opened, the urgent need for more data, statistics and facts regarding the world population was clearly established, and a full discussion of the subject has, as Albert Thomas of the International Labor Bureau pomted out, "diminished hostility", and it has promoted a greater 'entente cordiale' among the scientific workers in the fields represented The most concrete result of the conference was, of course, the organization of a permanent international comttee for the purpose of watching developments, of promoting and encouraging research and of callmg future meetings The committee consists of a number of leading scientists from several countries, and further progress toward the realization of an "mternational agreement" lies now mthin their hands One other accomplishment of the conference, however, must be mentioned In this respect it performed almost the impossible For three days biolog~ts, economists, statisticians, sociologists, eugen- ~sts, physicians dellberated upon the problems of populagon and yet during all ihese three days there was practically not a single open discussion about Birth Control The questlon of Birth Control was evidently taboo It was like a highly charged object which everyone tried to avoid and no one dared to touch or handle for fear of a deadly explosion "This 1s not to be a propaganda conference", said the scientists, "but a dispassionate and scientific dellberation of the population question, hence Birth Control advocates are officially not to participate in it" Granting and even approvmg this attitude, one may still, however, honestly question why the existence of this mde-spread movement, and the effects that a more uversal application of contraceptive methods would have upon solving many perplexing population problems should not have been fully, openly and even "dispassionately" dlscussed at the sessions of a world population conference Byth Control not Forgotten Not that the relatlon of voluntary family Iimtation to the population question was not considered at all On the contrary, incidental allusions to the fact were made by many members "In France," adrmtted Lucien March, "for a considerable tlme and mthout any propaganda having been necessary, llrnitation of families has been general and it 1s a result of ratlonal forethought" "Not only Ger- many," sa~d Prof Grotjahn, "but all peoples of western European culture, must take account of the fact that they have entered upon the transition period from the intensive to the rational type of re- production " "In Sweden", said Prof Silverstolpe, "nowadays very few people look upon Birth Control as an evil, and nobody becomes really alarmed when the statisticians tell us that with the prevailmg rate of nativity, the population will within a comparatively short time show a state of stabilization " Among the eugenic measures mentioned by Prof Haldane of England, "equal opportunity for famlly limtation in all classes" was mcluded And the papers of Professors Fairchild and East on Population even led one French delegate to exclaim excitedly "Quelque-chose, cependant, nous manque a cette conference un buste de Ma1thus"- there is somethmg that we miss at this conferencea bust of Malthus 1 (Contmurd on page 59)

18 Margaret Sanger Comes to Berlin Bzrth Control Revrew By AGNES SMLDLEY LTHOUGH Germanv 1s a land more natural where the subject of B~rth Control was d~scussed A In ~ts att~tude toward sex than England or w~th great frankness and serrousness She d ~d not Amenca, as well as toward the varlous problems even have one evenrng free for a concert, a theatre, ar~ng out of sex, and although there are no laws or an opera Because of her health, only two agalnst contracept~ve methods, stdl Mrs Sanger's speakmg engagements had been arranged, the ch~ef vlslt to Berlm created a most remarkable st~r of wh~ch was a lecture under the ausplces of the There were people who, apparently blmded by then Assoc~at~on of German Med~cal Women, and the own knowledge, sald it was unnecessary to speak on second a general lecture before a jomt gathering of B~rth Control In Germany, for everyone knew all Chmese and Indm res~dents In Berlm Plans for about contractpt~ve methods, and these methods lectures before trade unlon women, and the Gencould be bought In every drugg~st shop But a eral Women's Assoc~atlon, had been abandoned, but closer lnqu~ry showed qu~te a d~fferent state of af- after all ~t seems that these may just as well have fans been arranged, for she was not spared any In the Amazzng Abortzon Fzgures long run Her arr~val was announced by a very excellent ~nterv~ew In the Berlzner Tageblatt, the lead- For ~nstance, the Zeztschnft fur Hygzene, some mg dally of Berlm, In wh~ch she told that she had months ago, contamed an art~cle by Dr Freuden- arrwed to lecture at the request of the German berg In wh~ch stat~st~cs of abort~on were gwen for Med~cdl Women She also outlmed the pr~nc~ples the vears In Berlm Accord~ng to these of B~rth Control, and told of ~ts ~mportance In comstat~st~cs, out of 44,000 known pregnancies In Old bating the great em1 of abort~on The art~cle was Berlm, 23,000 resulted In abortions, about 20,000 entitled "Fewer-but Health~er-Ch~ldren", and d~d not reach completion due to venereal d~seases, as we later learned, seems to have been read by anly only 1,000 were carr~ed to full tnne Further- almost etery person Mrs Sanger met more, the Archzv fur Sozzale Hygzew und Demographze wh~ch now l~es before me, gves statist~cs Medzcal Women's Welcome from for the c~ty of Madgeburg not far from Berl~n These figures show that abort~ons The Secretary and varlous members of the Assoreached the amazmg total of 42 4 per cent These clat~on of German Medical Women ~mmed~ately only include the known abort~ons called upon her and welcomed her to the c~ty Thls If contraceptlve methods are Indeed so well Assoc~at~on,as ~ts name ~mpl~es, cons~sts of pract~cknown In Germany, these figures are mexpllcable ing women physmans, pract~cally all of whom are And even ~f well known, we are just~fied In statmg advocates of B~rth Control, but who confine themthat they are not sc~ent~fic, and women become d~s- selves ch~efly to glvlng contraceptlve methods only couraged w~th thew fa~lure and do not even use m the course of thew pract~ce Th~s Assoc~at~on them Furthermore, the success of Mrs Sanger's publ~shes a monthly journal wh~ch has led m the book, "Woman and the New Race," wh~ch was campaign aga~nsthe law makmg abort~on a crlme translated mto German last year, as well as the It 1s mterestmg that the ch~ef struggle In Germany success of almost every other book purportmg to has not up untd now been the unpartmg methods of gwe knowledge on th~s all-~mportant subject, shows prevent~on, but, ~nstead, agamst the Paragraph that German women are in serlous need of sc~ent~fic makmg abort~on a crme knowledge It was to get some br~ef ~dea of the Smce ~t 1s the woman only who pays mth lmprlcond~t~ons and to see what the poss~b~l~t~es were of sonment for abort~on, wh~le the man goes scott free, start~ng a Blrth Control Cl~n~c that Mrs Sanger th~s matter has become more or less a general womcame to Germany an's fight The women who do support the law are Catholm who let the pr~ests do then thlnk~ng for Besezged by CdEers them, or the reactlonary women who themselves From the day she and Mr Slee, her husband, ar- have one or two or three chddren, but who demand rwed In Berlm on December lst, to the tune they that other women shall breed cont~nuouslv for the left ten days later, Mrs Sanger was bes~eged from impenallst purposes of the State You do not find mormng unt~l n~ght by callers, letters from men women physmans In these classes As one of the and women physmans and sc~ent~sts, by telephone phys~c~ans sa~d to Mrs Sanger "Even ~f we were calls, and by dinners or teas gwen In then honor opposed In every other way to B~rth Control, st111

19 February, on the grounds of health we would support you We are not blmd, we are not str~cken stup~d, and the med~ocr~ty In publ~c and soc~al~fe today 1s to be found In thls fact so we must see from our practlce the necessity of Bmth Control " The edltors of the monthly jour- Women to the Defenae nal of the Women Phys~c~ans Assoc~at~on ~mmedlately requested Mrs Sanger to wr~te a serles of art- But the honorable Professor had not yet resumed des on Blrth Control, gmng also the pract~cal con- hls seat when a number of women were on thew feet tracept~ve methods Durmg the present year these askmg for the floor A wh~te-hawed, energet~c wlll appear and ~t 1s hoped they wlll carry forward woman phys~c~an answered h~m, gmng figure for the plan for regular B~rth Control cl~n~cs under the figure and fact for fact, basmg her statements not guldance of phys~cians only upon the r~ght of a woman to be other than a breedmg machme for the church ofi state, but also Mrs Sanger's lecture under the ausplces of the upon her experlence as a pract~cmg physman In Assoc~at~on was held on the evenmg of December Berlm, and upon her recent tour of mvestlgat~on 6th In one of the rooms of the Town Hall of Char- through Sov~et Russ~a Another woman phys~c~an lottenburg-berhn, and was attended not only by from North Berlln (the workers' sect~on) told of a women physlc~ans, but by men also, by nurses, mid- woman who had glven b~rth to seventeen ch~ldren, wives, econom~sts, lawyers, hyg~en~sts, professors, (not half of whom are llvmg) who came to her for and journal~sts The lecture was, as the officers of an abort~on The physman asked her why she came the Assoc~at~on later remarked, an excellent one It when ~t was too late, why she had not come for prehad been planned for a sclent~fic and med~cal audl- ventwe methods The woman answered that she ence One of Mrs Sanger's approaches to the sub- had been to three men phys~clans and they always ject was to show the evolut~on of methods of B~rth sa~d, "Why, a blg strong woman l~ke you should Control-from lnfant~c~de to abort~on, and now have a lot of ch~ldren!" from abortion to prevention She developed her subject from the v~ewpolnt of health, mfant and Of the men speakers, there was but one, and he mother mortal~ty, the wastefulness and danger of an Ind~an phys~c~an, who defended B~rth Control, chanty, as well as the cultural, nat~onal and mdlthe others all speakmg from the v~ewpomt of the vldual s~gn~ficance of Bxth Control State Not one seemed to have any concept1011 of woman as created for any other purpose than breed- The Professor Opposes mg The debate developed mto pract~cally a manwoman confl~ct, the Commun~st and Nat~onahst In the d~scuss~on whlch followed, there was some women standmg together aga~nsthe men It 1s oppos~t~on, but much more ardent defense of her but far to state, however, that there were men m v~ewpomt Professor Grotjahn, for mstance, a hy- the aud~ence who d ~d not speak but who were ardglen~st, sees the world In terms of Germany's num- ently applaudmg the women speakers and scoffing erlcnl greatness, and women as machmes for accom- at the men pllshing th~s He sa~d In reahty, ~f not m words, All In all the lecture was a most valuable one for that, due to the poverty and d~stress ruling In Ger- ~t has made B~rth Control a very lwe Issue today In many today, women would grasp at B~rth Control med~cal clrcles Th~s lecture 1s bound ot bear valumformat~on and that there should, therefore, not be able fru~t In the future any publ~c popagenda on th~subject today Of course 1 How mll the new German ~mper~allsm de- A Contraceptzve Sesszon mand Colon~es ~f ~t does not have the excuse of a surplus populat~on? Prof Grotjahn made a des- Two evenlngs afterwards Mrs Sanger ~nv~ted a perate effort not to make th~s matter so clear, not number of women phys~c~ans to her hotel, where to appear too reactronary before the women assem- she spoke agam and also demonstrated the pract~cal bled The result was a confused mass of contrad~c methods of contracept~on The phys~c~ans then d~stlons wh~c he tr~ed to smear over w~th stat~st~cs and cussed the methods they themselves advocated m more stat~st~cs It was the effort of a professor who thew pract~ce They were espec~ally ~nterested m has a pubhc pos~tlon and has to lwe up to ~t some the experlence of the New York Clmcal Research way or another If any woman resorted to such Department, reports of wh~ch Mrs Sanger had had confus~on In speech, she would be harshly judged translated mto German and d~str~buted from a real~st~c standpomt But tradhon would The other B~rth Control lecture was a general have ~t that a man 1s always worth l~stenmg to, and one on the pr~nc~ples mnvolved, delivered before a that one should l~sten anyway, ~t matters not what jomt meetlng of the Hmdusthan~ Associat~on of he says or does not say One of the root causes of (Cont~nued on page 54)

20 Heartfelt Appreciation Bzrth Control Renew The Mothers' Letters whtch we pnnt month after month, show the rmmense need for Bwth Control and the urgent demand for at from oppressed and overburdened mothers Thw month we are grvrng extract8 to show what Bsrth Control has actually accomplashed, I n the words of pattents who have attended the Clrnacal Research Department an New York Comzng Burdened They Leave Wzth Hope One of our first letters was sent unsohcited to the Chn- ~cal Research Department by a young Canaman woman She wrote immediately on her return home from New York eyes, others shorn the color very much It u such a prty for them Another famzly have thew tenth baby The father only gets about forty-five dollars a month, and the two ddest garls are gotng away because they have not enough money to keep them whzle they jiwh schod and they say they can't bear the etml babres at home" Many over-burdened mothers come for ald and instruction to the Cllnical Research Department When they leave they feel that they have obtained at last the posslbllity of so regulating them lives that they may gve the children they have the best care and training possible, that they may at last work out a happy manta1 relationship and may contemplate the future with hope, rel~eved Grateful Testcrnony of the constant fear and worry caused by an ever-growlng family Those in ordinary circumstances need no longer Another patlent wntes after a longer Interval look forward to a continual lowering in their standard of We are comrng on wonderfully roeu physwally and finanhving as the famlly Increases, whde In the case of those crdly swe our famtly has rematned the same for three who are destitute and diseased ~t 1s often the only con- years We can see laght ahead no-although we are stcu structive and hopeful thmg that can be done m debt I am more than thankfd for the help I recevued One of the purposes of this department 1s research on about two year* ago contraceptive methods and the obtaining of data relating to these methods For thls reason patients are requested A patient from New Jersey reports on another woman's to retuni at certam intervals At these v~sits ~t 1s gratl- progress fying to hear of the rehef and the real happiness that have resulted from ohtaimng the knowledge of harmless, reh- My fnend Mrs - adwed me to go to you She herable contraceptives Where patients lwe out of town and self has been to year Clwal Research Department and cannot oome m for return consultation in person, quesobtained advlce and she u lookang fine and has garned m tionnaires are sent out, so that In all cases we may have wetght since unng rt accurate data Apart from the questionnaires, many letters of ~ppreclatlon come in from those who have visited A patlent's husband wntes from Pennsylvania this department The mformatm you gave us two years ago has been of more help to my mfe's health and happmess than I can. Birth Control a Blessing ever tell you One young woman who had been marned two years, and whose husband earned only $35 per week, is handicapped by a heart murmur She had one baby, a year old, which So good of you all to be so kand to us, we all gzlst fell weighed only 20 lbs She had worned so much about her 1% love wth you I don't wonder that work done by baby and her own ~llness, that she had been extremely un- YOU ptobpcts happy ever since her child was born Two months before When I got home I found the Retwws, etc, waatang for her vmt to th~s department she became pregnant and it me, and have enjoyed them very much deed Nobody was necessary for her to have an abortion Dreading the would hve to go out of our Zattle viuage to hnow what repet~t~on of this expenence, she came to us A year later a blessing Barth Control zmll be to the world, a family pst she wntes a short ways from us the mother ts nz bed rmth her nmth baby, four -of them are dead and she has colored blood sn My marned lafe as happm by nat bnngmng swk chldren her Some of the cwren are very lght rmth blue mto thw world, and I am much healthref myself

21 February, 1928 Banlshtng Fear One woman came to the Clinrcal Research Department slck st heart-111, and worn from continual care of her only chlld, aged 3 The youngster had a nervous ~llness, suffering convulsions dally and gwen up by every physlclan and clrnlc where she was seen This woman wrote to us a year later Her chlld was stdl in the very same cond~t~on, and she was still glvmg ~t constant care But her hfe 1s happier due to avoldrng the constant worry through thrs niethod Under present condrtzona am unable to bear ch:ldre.en, on accwnt of my own physscal condatcon and my 3y! year old chdd who rs swk an bed gory on three years Another patient, whose husband 1s a laborer earnlng $20 weekly, and who had a bad pelvlc condltlon besides a very bad heart, has had two chlldren and a mlscarnage rn her 6 years of marned hfe Although her age was only 33, the doctor In her medical report, described her as middleaged" She wrltes, a year after her first vlslt, that her married llfe 1s happier Because 1 know I can rely on the contracept:ve pven me at your clcnac My youngest chald as 4 years old Thank God and thanks to your a d I know I can prevent havlng any mrd chddren bemg brozlght wato the world to suffer hunger and cold kke we experienced dl loat uwnter I thought we wodd freeze to death Washrng you success tn your good work A One mqulry was answered by the husband of a young woman who had several times resorted to abortlon as a last desperate measure in her attempts to hmlt the famlly to the size they felt was compatible wlth them very hmlted means and thew hopeless outlook for any change m them circumstances Added to th~s--or perhaps as a result of her unfortunate experiences-she had a marked pelvic d~sorder After two years, durlng whlch they had profited by the adnce they had so badly needed at the tune they came to us, the husband wrote I thrnk at makes marraed ltfe happr became at elam* nates the most worrisome problem that comes up an marned 1Be It takes away that fear that every man wath a few chrldren has that the fact of lus rmfe not hamng any more rs brmpq her nearer to the grave by convmcttzng abortmn catmwualy Abortion No Solution Regardmg a~ortlons we have seen In the Chmcal Research Department how women dread and detest thls form of famdy llmltation It 1s a tragc human waste But ~t becomes clear as one talks to countless women that the only possible thing which wdl prevent thls practice of termrnatlng a pregnancy that has already begun, is by makmg available to them safe and harmless contraceptive methods It has been unpressed upon my mrnd agaln and agaln that when a woman feels that she has not the moral rrght to bring another chlld mto the world she will resort to the most desperate method to avo~d ~t Frequently the results of them attempts are indescnbably unfortunate "Freedom To Be Myself" For those women who w~sh, not only to be mothers, but also to devote themselves to their fullest development, for them own satlsfactlon as well as for the purpose of bemg better companrons and helpmates to thelr husbands and more competent, lntelhgent mothers to them chlldren, Blrth Control 1s the only solutlon Such a woman came to us after havmg two chrldren mth the greatest difficulty m dehvery She wanted these two and went down to the edge of the grave for them But that was enough, and now she wntes that she 1s much happier slnce there 1s "no restraant, but peace of mrnd altstead, excellent health, and ammensely happy home I fed thw knowledge had gwen me freedom to be myrelf-hap py, wefd and a f d lafe '" The Blessing of Contraception In every case the knowledge of the proper klnd of contraceptwe seems to make for a better, happler, more wholesome hfe, for healthier parents and chlldren, in some cases for the prevention of passing on a hentage of dlsease to the conung generation It comes vltally close to the lives of the majonty of mamed people, and is frequently the only solutlon in cases of 111 health or unhappi ness These few examples taken from hundreds of grateful test~monlals give some famt shadowmg of what B~rth Control means in terms of marned happiness It should be posslble for young marned people to get the best methods of Blrth Control, not when they are already broken down In health, but at the very outset of married hfe, so that they may avo~d the tragedies shown in these letters from mothers, and so that they may be ass~sted as much as posslble In worklng out them salvation Marnage at present 1s so comphcated and unsat~sfactory a thmg In the working out that every posslble help should be even to those just entenng ~t Almost never do we come across a woman who does not passionately desire chlldren and look forward to the time when she can have them, and ~t 1s more frequent than one ord~narily thlnks that women dehberately plan for five and SIX eh~ldren It 1s a natural lnstlnct that cannot die out Then let us help them, so that these bab~es they want may come at a propltlous time, and mth the proper hentage

22 Central Europe and the Chmese Students' Assoc~at~on, on the evenlng of the 9th Emznent Women zn Sympathy But apart from these pubhc gathermgs, Mrs Sanger d ~d much valuable work in her personal contact mth the most actwe and important women in Berlm The Pres~dent of the Assoc~at~on of German Medical Women-Dr Herm~one Edenhuizen, a surgeon and women's specdist, and l~kemse an ardent advocate of Birth Control - entertamed Mrs Sanger and Mr Slee at a d~nner, Frau Adele Schre~ber, former member of the Re~chstag, who had arranged for the translat~on of Mrs Sanger's book and wrote the introduct~on to it, gave an afternoon tea at which leadmg profess~onal women were present, among them members of the Reichstag, attorneys, writers, social workers, and educators On every other evenmg and afternoon, dmners and teas were grven by leadmg men and women In publ~c hfe, and it was mterestmg that over a dmner table every phase of the Birth Control movement was discussed For instance, after the first lecture before the Women physrcians, some 50 men and women gathered for a supper In the Ratskeller of the Town Hall where for hours the discussion continued Mrs Sanger found time to call In person upon Dr Helene Lange, the mother of the German wom- an's movement, founder of the first h~gh school for girls in Germany, the veteran ploneer who gave up all personal hfe that she m~ght dedicate herself to woman's ernanc~pation She IS today e~ght years of age, still ed~ts "Die Frau," the ch~ef woman's magazme, and is ~nc~dentally, an advocate of B~rth Control Mrs Sanger also called at the studio of the most noted of European women artists, Kaethe Kollwitz, and when her new book appears it m11 be ~llustrated by this great artist of the masses After leaving the studio of Kaethe Kollw~tz, Mrs Sanger remarked that, had she seen no other person In Germany than this wh~te-haired, calm, watchful art~st, her trip would have been r~ch indeed Marnage Advzce Centers Apart from all these contacts, Mrs Sanger came into contact with women actme m the Marr~age Advice Centers These are centers, established, so far, m seven d~fferent German c~t~es, in connect~on mth the Departments of Health and Social Welfare of the various ches They are not B~rth Control centers, but are bureaus where marned women may consult the city phys~c~an in charge, or women soc~al workers, about them problems Sometimes women are even the Birth Control methods they Bzrth Control Revzew ask for, but there are cases when they are refused these-m other words when motherhood IS forced upon them even when they hate it Of the three such centers in Berhn, two are, however, under the management of the League for the Protection of Mothers, at the head of whlch IS Dr Helene Stock- er In these two centers preventwe methods are gwen, often free of charge Connected with the other center - apart from the city physic~an (a woman) In charge,-is Mrs Hamburger, whose husband, Dr Carl Hamburger was the first German phys~cian, 20 years ago, to pubhshed statistics gathered from his own pract~ce as a school physician, shomng that of the ch~ldren born to worklng women, 50 per cent had dled by the age of 14 Up to th~s tune, these Marr~age Centers have exammed women for general health and sent them to spec~al- ~sts for treatment They adv~se aga~nst marnage In cases of diseases such as syphrlis, ep~lepsy, tubelculos~s, etc But the record shows the real need to be methods of preventmg conceptron Evzdence for Bzrth Control In a general meet~ng of the last ment~oned center the day before th~s was wr~tten, there were 50 women present W~th the except~on of three or four questions concernmg the sex educat~on of their chddren, all the rest were requests for contracept~ve information The Marr~age Adv~ce Centers must e~ther develop mto B~rth Control clin~cs or cease to exist The record of the last-named one shows that durmg the last 6 months only 200 women have vis~ted ~t There is nothmg more cyn~cal than wells~tuated women or physic~ans who have Blrtb Control knowledge themselves refusing to give it to women unless those women can prove that they wll die if they have another chdd This IS not saymg that the Center mentioned does this But in the movement for the spread of these Centers throughout Germany, B~rth Control knowledge as the fundamental r~ght of every women must be recognized as a principle Either th~s, or the abortion scourge wdl continue,-and mth just~ce Leavmg Berl~n on December llth, Mrs Sanger went to Frankfurt on the Main where she v~s~ted Dr Herta R~ese's Marr~age Adv~ce Center, wh~ch was estabhshed by the League for the Protect~on of Motherb The Centel was crowded mth women, for Dr R~ese IS a lead~ng advocate of Birth Control, and has but recently pubhshed a book "The Sexual D~stress of our Time" She is domg most fundamental work in her center in Frankfurt Although she herself dose not gwe prel entive method: In the center, she exammes women, gives cert~ficates (Cont~nutd on pagt 66)

23 February, 1928 Book Reviews SEX AND THE LOVE LIFE, by W~ll~am J F~eldlng, Dodd, Mead and Co, N Y THE COMPANIONATE MARRIAGE, by Judge Ben B Lmdsey and Walnwrlght Evans Bon~ and Llvenght, New York #LOVE'S COMING OF AGE A Serles of Papers on the Relatlon of the Sexes, by Edward Carpenter A Repnnt of The Vanguard Press, N Y THF BOOK OF LIFE, by Upton Slnclalr Upton S~ncla~r, Long Beach, Cal Pubhshed by T 1s not strange that each of these books should, 1x1 ~ts our control of b~ologlcal forces-b~rth Control-as a I own way, bear the marks of Havelock ElLs, smce m the necessary means to good, free and beaut~ful human lwes years that have passed slnce he began the pubhcat~on of If th~s accidental group of books were more representahis great senes of "Stud~es In the Psychology of Sex" no twe of the penod, ~t would deal (wh~ch only Mr F~eldopen mmd has beeq left untouched by the hheratlng In- ~ng's book In a measure does) w~th some of the Freudlan fluences of h~s work pnnc~ples whlch we are findmg so useful In enablmg us to Wdham J F~eldlng's "Sex and the Love Llfe" 1s dedl- achleve our purposes, lncludlng those of happmess In love cated to Elhs, and 1s an amhltlous and very successful at- FLOYDELL tempt to put In lucld form, for every day readers, the most important practical knowledge wh~ch we have gamed m the THE COMPANIONATE MARRIAGE, by Judge Ben B field of sex It would be dlficult to pralse thls book too Llndsey and Wamwnght Evans $3 00 Bon~ & h~ghly on ~ ts own grounds, as a cand~d and useful text- Lwenght, 1927 book Those who cannot read everythmg on sex may well be recommended to read thls book of Fleld~ng's UDGE LINDSEY asks that we look the facts In the Judge Lmdsey's book on "The Companlonate Marn- J face He has abundant proof, gathered throughout age" has been w~dely d~scussed, and pubhc Interest has been centered upon the fact that young people are now twenty-elght years of servlce In the Juven~le Court of Denver, that somethmg rad~cal IS happemng, no, has happendellberntely marrylng wlth the Idea of enjoylng each other ed, to the lnst~tutlon of marnage Thousands of people In a sexual and romantlc compan~onsh~p for a perlod of are hvlng m a new type of wedlock, some w~th~n the law years-postponmg chddren by B~rth Control methods un- and some outslde The Soclolog~sts have recogn~zed ~t for t11 they are prepared to support them Th~s fact, so years ln ~ ts legal form They call lt "Comp1~1mte Marshockmg to old-fashioned morahsts, 1s Indeed a revolutlonary fact In human h~story Judge Lmdsey 1s one of the few people who have had opportunlt~es wlde enough to learn what 1s golng on generally In Amencan prwate bfe, and sympathy deep enough to Interpret ~t No-one-- nage," In d~st~nctlon from procreatlve marnage, wh~ch they know as "The Famsly " The Companlonate In ~ts present form d~ffers from the Ideal only In the ~llegal~ty of ~ts usual sources of Birth Control mformat~on and In the use of collusion In dworce when the part~es to ~t find they and particularly none of our story tellers-has understood are not gomg to be able "to make a go of ~t" The bills so well as he the great drlft of our urban clv~llrat~on under necessary to maklng Companlonate a legal and safe prethe ~nfluences of the machme age It 1s an important con- llmlnary to procreat~ve marnage are three The first 1s tnbut~on to the study of adjustments In behavlor to our new environment Edward Carpenter, Havelock-Elhs's fnend, pubhshed hls httle hook, "Love's Comng of Age" In 1906, a year a blll legahzmg the gvmg of contraceptwe lnformatlon that would leave the use of such mformatlon a matter of personal judgment and protect those who belleve m ~t from "persecut~on by busybodies who are not content to abstam before Elh began the publlcatlon of h~s monumental ser les W~th the lns~ght of a poet, Carpenter plunged stralght Into those conclusions towards wh~ch EIhs forged so slowly and solldly It 1s a mse and beaut~ful book-a book for youth and for lovers-nor has ~t been surpassed In beauty slnce, and even in these Freud~an days when our faith In human nature runs less hlgh than rt dld thlrty years ago, ~ ts wlsdom st111 has a prophet~c val~d~ty The Vanguard Press has done the publlc a service by mcludmg ~t In ~ ts fifty-cent serles Upton Slncla~r's book 1s about all sorts of th~ngs bes~des sex, mcludlng Soclahsm, d~et, and psych~c phenomena In the matter of sex ~t represents an Intense and ongmally benighted ldeallsm ~mperfectly hberated from its bonds by the Havelock Ellls Influence fully h- berated at least wlthm the field of marned love, wlth regard to wh~ch he teaches eloquently a sane and c~vlllzed deal One could wlsh h~m more tolerance outs~de that field, hut wlthln ~t he 1s an excellent adv~ser All of these books, ~t may be noted, Include exphc~tly from the use of Blrth Control themselves, and who ~ns~st on folstlng the~r personal op~nlons on everybody else" The second IS a b~ll to amend the laws relatmg to dworce Th~s b~ll would provlde that "where couples are ch~ldless, and where the efforts of a magstrate to brmg about a reconcilement have faded, and where the couple mutually des~re a dworce, the dworce shall be granted mthout de-

24 lay'' Th~s would requlre no lawyer, any more than gettmg marned requlres a lawyer A th~rd b~ll would regulate the property status of d~vorce If a woman were In good health, and able to work, and to support herself, there would ord~nardy be no ahmony Here, In a few hnes, 1s a complete program for the legal estabhshment of what many advocates of Blrth Control have hoped to see commonly pract~ced early marnage mth proper contraceptwe knowledge The name 1s a l~ttle starthng, perhaps, but ~t has defin~te advert~smg value Compan~onate Marnage the words focus attent~on on the gve and take of mtell~gent contemporary marnage, the bu~ldmg up of a sound, thoroughly worked out compan~onsh~p capable of provldmg the broad bases necessary for the proper growth of a fam~ly As Judge Lmdsey puts ~t "The d~vorce struggle 1s only partly won It conhues as a struggle to g1ve to every chdd the r~ghto be wanted when ~t 1s conce~ved, the r~ghto be well-born, of healthy parents who love each other, and the r~ghto a home so well founded beforehand that dworce 1s not hkely to touch ~t" And agam "The really proper and moral ground for dlvorce 1s the fact that the part~es to the marnage have already been tom apart sp~r~tually " Bzrth Control Remere, Judge L~ndsey's fa~th m the essent~al decency of the human race and ~n ~ ts power to better ~tself IS most msplrmg to a man brought up as I was In Phdadelph~a, where the old doctnnes of ongmal sln and natural deprav~ty have sunk so deep Into the thmkmg of even the best-mtent~oned that they tend to belleve the last word In government was sa~d m 1787 and that war is ~nev~tahle Phdosoph~cally the whole book 1s based on th~s fa~th and on the bel~ef that, though "human bemgs are normally monogamous" the present "system of theologcal morahty" represents a program the churches themselves are unable to follow Judge L~ndsey rem~nds us of Jesus' attltude toward certaln formallzed rules of Jemsh l~fe Havelock Ell~s has recently used th~s passage In statmg the essence of Judge Llndsey7s pos~t~on ''I am In general sympathy w~th your 'Companlonate Marnage' Noth~ng could be more reasonable or more moderate, and ~t IS absurd to suppose there 1s anythmg revolut~onary or mmoral In the proposal On the contrary, I do not know who 1s today domg better work as a morahst than you are You are saymg about marrlage exactly the same th~ngs as Jesus sa~d about the Sabbath-that marnage IS made for man and not man for marrlage" HUDSON CHAPMAN The present status and recent h~story of B~rth Control are conc~sely gven, together mth a number of pertment suggest~ons to those In need of help and to those des~nng WHAT EVERY BOY AND GIRL SHOULD KNOW,* to help, espec~ally the desmahhty of gettmg m touch tells to young people, cand~dly, cleanly, sc~ent~fically and w~th the Amencan Birth Control League The adequacy ~mpersonally and w~th no shamed lowenng of the volce, of recent methods perfected at the New York chn~c what sclence bas to say about sex hfe and sex conduct IS stressed, as well as the very mportant fact that the new There IS nothmg furtwe or apologet~c about ~t There IS, techn~que puts the date of the next pregnancy In the hands on the contrary, defin~te and aggressive d~ssent In th~s of the woman, where ~t most assuredly belongs These book from the trad~t~onal not~on that Sex IS synonomous few pages (page 237 to page 242) w~ll be read w~th the mth sln, shame, and prunence utmost eagerness by those unfortunates who may stdl he harassed by thew real~zat~on of the madequacy of dmgstore and hearsay contracept~on Even those most fam~har w~th the progress made In the last five years may well read and reread these pages, for they are a model of conciseness that m~ght help them In the many clrcum- The book 1s a splend~dly construct~v effort to show the beauty and joy wh~ch sex may brmg mto the hves of persons who nghtly understand ~t and control ~t, and who ne~ther fear ~t nor blush when they encounter ~t I hke the way In wh~ch Mrs Sanger has treated the problems of boys and grls together ~n a angle book, thus gmng to stances where the subject must be presented rap~dly or each a needed lns~ght Into the nature of each other It not at all used to be the fash~on to treat the two sexes m separate volumes, part~cularly In books Intended for the eyes of the In vlew of the we~ght attached to author~ty by some of the opponents of B~rth Control, I want to quote the folyoung people Th~s IS a great step forward lowmg, for ~t would be hard to find a greater author~ty on The book mll glve to young people who read ~t a clear the matter than Judge Lmdsey ''I should hke some of vlew of certa~n reaht~es They mll come by the knowledge these morahsts to demonstrate 1x1 what respect unwanted w~th no sense of shock or repuls~on The facts are prepregnancies Improve the morals of the s~tuat~on The lack of contraceptwe mformat~on does not act as a restrarnt on the unmsmed (Itahcs mme), ~t merely results m a kmd sented as facts, mthout morahz~ng preachments attached And my own experience mth young people leads me to belleve that, Even the data that they need, they m11, of of trouble wh~ch helps nobody and does no good Illeg~tr them own accord, shape thew sex conduct by an Inner prefmacy, soc~al d~sgrace, abort~on, and even su~c~de, are erence for what IS excellent, r~ght, and beaut~ful In Love among the fru~ts of such Ignorance " Thls destroys the Th~s book w~ll gwe to young people a sense of perspecmaln argument of the oppos~t~on, that contracept~on al- tme m Sex, not only when they are entenng adolescence, lowed for the marned would be learned and abused by the unmarr~ed

25 but later when they are face to face mth love and mamage And ~t does more than tell what every boy and prl should know, ~t tells also what thousands of adults should know, and don't Mrs Sanger has put her own fine personahty mto every page, wh~ch means that she has wntten mth del~cate clar- ~ty, candor, and smcenty Parents need feel no mlsgvlugs In tmstmg thew ch~ldren to Mrs Sanger's hands for the d~fficult kmd of ~nstruet~on she has here essayed to pve BEN B LINDSEY SEX AND THE YOUNG By Mane Camehael Stopes, Sc D New York and London, G P Putnam's Sons, pages, Cloth, $2 00 THE HUMAN BODY By Dr Mame Stopes Pr~ee, 6/6 The G~ll Puhhshing Co, Ltd, London HE cause of sexual enl~ghtenment 1s deeply mdehtcd T to Dr Mane Carm~chael Stopes In general outlook she is sane, constructive, progresswe It is, then, mth a proper sense of that ~ndebtedness that one may p~ck up her two latest books and cons~der them, not sd much mth reference to them general~t~es as to them part~culars ForDr Stopes's mannerundoubtedly does much to destroy thq mfluence of her matter Th~s appears espee~ally In her book on the sexual educatron of the young,-a process, by the way, In whxch she seems to beheve somewhat unwdmgly One hardly cred~ts the test~mony of one's eyes on reading that the author-w~th her own subsequent approval, as it were--never knew about self-abuse unt~l she was twenty-rime' What confidence are we to feel In a doetor of selenee who was so unobservant for so many years? And how are we to recewe mthout inner laughter the senous not~on that between mother and mfant ex~sts a strange telepathy wh~ch transmits to the bram of the Infant the thoughts and feelmgs of the parent? Dr Stopes, In all soberness, advances th~s dubrous discovery as a warnmg to mothers aga~nst read~ng erot~e l~terature In too close prox~nuty to them helpless offsprmg The learned lady IS too Br~t~sh, to Victorian, one m~ght say Her confidence In the superiority of the English, aq contrasted mth the Amencan gd, 1s affeet~ng, hut not convlncmg For one mth such liberal views In sexology she wntes In a style that can only-be desenbed as longsk~rted and h~gh-corseted They do not order thcse things better ~n England, ~f Dr Stopes 1s to be taken as the entenon But fortunately, there 1s Havelock Ell~s In the book on sex for the young, ~t IS to be feared, the dotoresaa has not caught up mth the pure young lades for whom she wrote My own ears have heard more -.Judre Liodsers mmrnent has been inserted as a preface in the I& pnnt Ins or Mra SaWeI s bml than one of them laugh ~n amazement at the pmdshness of th~s mternat~onal authonty And ~t was pure laughter Has cumbrous clothmg been d~searded these many years to find &elf swathmg the dscuss~ons of sexual hberat~on? Dr Stopes knows her sclence, but she does not know her young men and women Someth~ng of the very order that she would d~spel clmgs to her memory and makes a tmkl~ng nolse hke pnde She IS, on the ev~dence of her book for young people, st111 eombatmg the grl she was As a result, what should have been a calm, sc~ent~fic treat~se has become muddled w~th old-fash~oned morahty, self-congratulat~on, ~nsular patnotism and a few other qualit~es that hardly belong in the pages of a treat~se on sex Sex and The Ymg, ~ndeed, 1s a personal document of more than ord~nary ~nterest To wnte on sex without apology, w~thout self-eonse~ousness, without that alr of eondescens~on which so 111 becomes the d~st~ngu~shed forelper, is a difficult art Dr Stopes has not mastered ~t ISAAC GOLDBERG Books Received A SHORT HISTORY OF WOME~, by John Langdon-Dav~es Viking Press New York $3 00 DAYBREAK, by Arthur Schn~tzler, Simon and Schuster New York $1 50 HERED~TY A ~ HUMA D AFFAIRS, by Eclward M East Charles Scnbnerb Sons New York $3 50 STANDI~G ROOM OALY, by Edward Alsworth Ross The Century Company New Pork $3 00 THE WILL TO LOVE, by George Bedborough The Unicorn Press New York 25c A SHORT COURSE I\ LOVE CULTURE, Comp~led by the L C Center The Un~corn Press New York 25e THREE WIVES, by Beatnee Kean Seymour Alfred A Knopf New York $2 50 AN ULMARRIED FATHER, by Floyd Dell George H Doran New York PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRESS AND RACE PROGRESS-ARE THEY COMPATIBLE? By H S Jennings, M D IT IS BETTEB TO TELL, by Kathleen Coyle E P Dutton & Company New York ANIMAL ECOLOGY, by Charles Elton The Macmillan Company New York POEMS, by Da~sy San~al G~ll Harold Vinal, Ltd New York WAS DEN EINWANDERER DEN VEREINIGTEN STAATEN ERWARTET, eme Aufklarungsschr~ft, von Hans Mayer- Daxlenden Verlegt von A Strueber New York 20c TORD DISK STATISLISK LIDSKRIFT, Band 6, Heft, BULLETIN INTER~ATIO~AL DE LA PROTECTION DE L'ENFANCE THE LANTERN (a magazine) Boston

26 58 Bzrth Control Reveew Marriage in the Present and the Future In the January Forum, Havelock EUts makes a notable contnbotton to the much-dtscussed problem of the chengzng status of marrzage and the mmement towards freer dcvorce In rt he crttscazes, wth sympathy and wmght, the great work of Westermarck, the more recent "Book of Marmge" of Keyserbng and the remarkable eontnbutwns of Ben Lmdsey In addstton, he gtves some of hts own npe w d m Every word of hw 8,000 word artwle w worth careful readeng Here we can do no more than grve a taste of cts qualaty +n a few qwtatcons and each, we must expect to find, equally hedged w~th precaut~ons "But whde we have no cho~ce but to accept the movement for the fac~l~tat~on of d~vorc-smce even ~f ~t fads to arouse our enthus~asm we see ~t everywhere In movement --that does not mean that there 1s anythmg about &- vorce wh~ch we are called upon to welcome Dworce IS merely a negatwe aspect of marnage, at best ~t 1s a confess~on of fallure Two people who have jomed themselves together w~th the assumpt~on that the unlon 1s to be for "Two outstand~n~ facts remam clear there has been hfe, find that they have made a m~stake everywhere and always, so far back as we can w~th certa~nty go, some accepted pattern whereby the relat~onsh~p "Men and women In marnage are beg~nnmg to realne of the sexes has been more or less closely shaped, and that that we are passlng out of the stage where marnage was pattern has everywhere and always been m slow process founded on a fict~on They are fac~ng the facts of jealof change These two facts are s~gn~ficant and of real ousy for what they are really In the long run worth, and pract~cal mportance They reheve us from any need they are no longer terr~fied even at the bogey of adultery, to worry over the anx~et~es of those feeble folk who are when ~t can be v~ewed from the standpo~nt of two partalways fearmg a 'loosen~ng of the marnage bond,' and ners who are un~ted In an erot~c comradesh~p wh~ch noththey enable us to understand that the people who talk Ing can destroy because ~t IS based on the equal~ty and about the 'underm~nmg' of marnage and the 'subvers~on' mdependence of each and an att~tude of mutual smcenty of morals are merely referrmg In them own quamt way to For In the absence of s~ncer~ty no true marnage, In any that everlastmg process of change-of'progress' ~f we l~ke modern sense of the word, can ex~st, and w~th ~t all the adso to term ~t-m wh~ch l~fe cons~sts and w~thout wh~ch we justments In marnage wh~ch the complex~t~es of l~fe toshould be left w~th aoth~ng but the ngrd~ty of death day demand may be adequately ach~eved "When that 1s clear at the outset we become free to consrder the transformat~ons of marnage whrch now, as al- "The mod~ficat~ons that are now takmg place In the form of marnage have been rendered possrble by a ways, face us, w~th a serene mmd, know~ng that we are new att~tude toward the whole subject of sex The tabu not puttmg forward any foohsh,rad~cal not~ons,but cl~ng- on sex wh~ch had been handed down from med~eval daysmg to the old conservat~ve hah~t of change wh~ch has and mdeed had ~ts ongrn In the ~deas of pnm~t~ve savmarked the human race from the early days of the world's agery-has been broken Those whose memones extend history when Man could yet scarcely w~th accuracy be th~rtyears back can recall how at that tme ~t was almost termed Man But what 1s the pattern of marrlage as ~t IS ~mposs~ble for the young, whether boy or grrl, to obtam now bemg reshaped, and now begrnnmg to serve as the any rel~able ~nformat~on on questions of sex from parents model for hvmg? or teachers, or to find any book (unless we except the B~ble) which satdied thew natural cunos~ty "No doubt a general answer would be that to-day we are trymg to make rnarnage correspond more closely to "To-day the s~tuatlon has totally changed The young the actual facts of hfe by lncreasmg the fac~hty of &- vorce, so that manta1 unlons shall be real and not merely of to-day are calm In the presence of l~fe because they are no longer tormented by ~ ts embarrass~n~ mystenes Th~s apparent Th~s d~vorce movement 1s pract~cally umver- does not mean that the great, tragrc facts of love have sal, and we must certamly accept ~t We need not be been abol~shed, for they he at the roots of hfe ~tself But surpr~sed even ~f ~t IS carned to ~ts logcal extreme, as it at all events they can be faced honestly and mth clear probably w~ll be, sooner or later If marrlage unlons are eyes They need no longer be obscured by romant~c ficmade by mutual agreement we have to recogmze that they tions and sdly superst~t~ons For the first hme m w~ll be unmade by mutual agreement Soc~ety and the law our ctv~l~zat~on th~s problem of marnage IS bemg resohave a proper funct~on In takmg care that, when they are lutely confronted and firmly grasped mth a new confiunmade, no r~ght shall be lnjured W~th that provlslon dence of mastery, and the day of hypocntlcal evaslons 1s firmly establ~shed we may expect that ult~mately, even over " though not m the ~mmed~ate future, rnarnage and &- vorce w~ll be placed on the same level, each equally free, (Reprinted by the courtesy of the Edaor, from Thc Forum )

27 SPEAKING OF THE CONFERENCE (Contmurd from page 49) But there really was no need for a bust of Malthus The spmt of Malthusianism was well represented at the conference by a number of pioneers of the Neo-Malthus~an and Birth Control movements from many countries The population question 1s an integral part of the Birth Control idea, and necessarily many proponents of the movement came to the conference elther as delegates or as visitors There were Dr Drysdale of London, the president of the English Neo-Malthusian League, Dr Aletta Jacobs of Holland, a leader on medical contraception, but unfortunately too 111 much of the time to attend the sessions, the kindly and genial Mrs Furth from Frankfurt, an able exponent of the right of voluntary motherhood in Germany, the fiery Mrs Thit Jensen of Sweden, a journahst and orator of great vitality Margaret Sanger Then there was Margaret Sanger Everyone knew that, directly or mdwectly, the conference was the result of Mrs Sanger's untirmg efforts, that hers was the guiding hand and leading splrit of the congress Yet, in order to avold threatened dlfficulties and msunderstandmgs, she chose to keep the problems of Birth Control out of the topics of the conference Though present at every sesslon, she kept away from active participation in any of the meetings, and even avoided havmg her name inserted in the official program Certainly a magnificent example of unselfish devotion to a cause The profound regard m which Mrs Sanger is held was strikingly demonstrated durmg the final dlnner of the conference Perhaps ths demonstratlon was also m the way of a tribute to the Birth Control idea and an escape from the conscious suppressions of the precedmg days At any rate, when Mrs Sanger's name was mentloned by one of the speakers, there was an unexpected and spontaneous outburst of applause whlch soon grew mto an ovation The English delegates includmg such eminent scientists as Haldane, Huxley, Crew, Carr- Saunders, forgot their natural and reputed reserve and dignity and broke mto the famliar Anglo- Saxon "hymn", "For She's a Jolly Good Fellow " The only ones who retamed their composure were several of the French and Italian members who evidently were listening to this 'Sanger-Bund' with much apprehension Dr Pearl From a blologcal and medical standpoint the papers of greatest interest at the conference were those of Dr Pearl on "The Biology of Population Growth", of Dr Lidbetter on "Herehty, Dlsease and Paupensm,'' and particularly the one of Dr Crew on "Fertility and Sterihty m Relation to Population " To the physician, the problems of population of greatest mterest are those which concern the m- divldual fady Questions of world and national population, of the relation of the population to the food supply, standard of hvmg, mternational confbcts and the like must be left to the soc~ologist, econormst and statesman, but the problems of overpopulation, or under-population m the famly are subjects mth which the physician comes m dally contact, and whch he is constantly called upon to solve "Medlcme", as Dr Crew said, "is concerned not so much mth the policy of controlled fertility as with the means by which it is to be achieved, if it 1s necessary or deslrable " It 1s to be hoped that future conferences on population will take the medical aspect of the question more fully mto account and that the subjects of fertility, sterhty and particularly of medical contraceptlon wdl find a fuller representation on the program STANDING ROOM ONLY "With the world capable of supporting only five bllhon of people, whlch at the present rate of lncrease m11 be reached IU 100 years' time, steps must be taken ~mmedately to solve the population question "-Pao~rsso~ EAST, Haruard Uwerarty Professor East, though you may try, You fail to rouse my fears, For I don't dream that even I Wlll hve a hundred years, But do not thlnk I mew wlth mirth Five b~ll~on folk (assorted) Flve bill~ons tightly packed on earth, Who cannot be supported L&e sardlnes ~n a st151ng t~n, W~th not enough to eat, Ie no$ a thlng to raise a gnu From me, sir, I repeat, And if you say that's mankmd'u lot, Professor, I don't doubt ~t. But do-oh do,-slr, tell us what You mean to do about ~t -From South Afncan R a w (Cape Town)

28 THE Another Year of Progress The Annual Meetlng of the most vlvid paper at the seventh Annual Meetmg of the American Birth Control League, at the Town Hall, January 12th, was Dr Henry Pratt Fairchild's report on the World Population Conference To Dr Fairchild, whose paper on Optimum Population represented the sociologist's point of view, the keynote of the conference was its firm biological basis Picturesquely expressed, the head of Dr Raymond Pearl surrounded by his population of frult fbes shown m the cartoon, "Vlve le Bebe* was to hlm synoptic of the conference Dr Pearl's paper opened the sessions, Dr Pearl preslded at the difficultfinalmeetmgwhen the permanent Umon was orgamed The sessions between were permeated mth hls pomt of view The biologsts suppl~ed irrefutable evidence of the tyranny of biolog~cal facts unless they are subjected to the rule of reason, and apphed ths evidence to human population problems Representatives of other sciences owe gratitude for the firm scientific basis glven to the Uruon whch was the permanent outcome of the sessions and justified Dr Fairchild in saying that though the Conference was short "its influence is only just starting " Another hgh note, stressed by Dr Fairch~ld, was the "incomparable work" of orgamzation done by Maygaret Sanger and its recoption m the spontaneous ovation given her at the final dmner Her ability was shown at the sessions, at which, by limting the number of papers and by pmtmg and distributmg them to delegates beforehand, maximum tune was left for very valuable d~scusslon Before the sessions, her influence was also felt and it was her personality that brought scientists from so many countries together in so short a time The mnter before, a great London professor had said, "You are talking about an international conference m -,gust and now it's February It sunply can't be done" On this ground he refused to serve on the council But the Conference did take place at the tme proposed Though Birth Control was excluded, it appeared It could not help appearing A notable reference was by Dr Grotjahn of Germany who looked forward to the time when control of pregnancy would bring about the complete cleansmg sanity of sexual hfe, as well as servmg as an invaluable ald to health and eugemcs - 'See November Bzms CONTBDL REVIEW psge 991 We far from the seem of the Conference erred In our lnterpretatlon of thls eartmn The baby In not the healthy human chlld of the future It the infant Union lor the mdy of population whleh waa set on foot at the laet meetlw of the mn ferena Bwth Cmtrol Bernero Amerlcan Blrth Control League Work of the League Turrung from international to national consideration, Mrs F Robertson Jones called for the very encouraging financial report of 1927, and then for the report of the year's Vork of the League whch was gven by Mrs P B P Huse, executive secre- tary Mrs Huse gave the record of legdative work, work in the field and work on the platform She reported encouraging increases m annual memberships, a form of contribution mtituted only elghteen months ago Of the climcal work Mrs Nuse reported 4,521 women helped and an augmented staff of doctors givmg voluntary service at the Chcal Research Department Dr Hannah M Stone is now chief of staff there and Dr Cooper 1s medical director, spending part of his time in the field and part in the department During the year Dr S Adolphus Knopf gave a donation of one thousand reprlnts of hls article "Birth Control, as it confronts the Med- ical Societies Today" (from "Clinical Med~cme and Surgery") This was used in connection with Dr Cooper's field work A begimng was made in cahg the attention of rmnisters to Blrth Control as a subject for a ser- mon on Mothers Day This should be done on Child Labor Sunday also Between eight or nine thousand letters were received last year by the Motherhood Department, of whch Bertha Potter Smith is head The department is much encouraged by the fact that last year "we daily received mquiries from women who requested to be referred to physicians or climcs for help mtead of vaguely asking for advice" In the Motherhood Department as m all other activ~ties of the League, Mrs Smith reported that "our mail is s regular barometer for every outside reference to Blrth Control" Judge Lmdsey's book is the latest example, it has already brought m over three hundred mqulries and they are still c o w The Department has now almost nme thousand physicians on its hst The Bcrth Control Remew The report on the BIRTH CONTROL REVIEW brought out the lncreasmg use of material from its pages by wnters, students and lecturers and the keen mterest m its subject matter that is shown by disproportionately large returns from advertismg and circularization These are far beyond the percentage of subscriptions obtained by other magames Ths report emphasized also the mportsnce

29 February, 1928 of street sales wh~ch was m ,485-th~s pomt unlon where the law hampers the glving of B~rth was dr~ven home by the comments of Mrs Robert- Control mformation son Jones and Mrs Huse on what street sellmg "Probably some of you wonder," sa~d Mrs Jones, means to the movement both nat~onally and ~nter- in conclus~on, ' why the League has not made more nationally rapid progress In organizing state cornm~ttees for Mrs Mmn~e Benjamm, who has been m contact B~rth Control mth the mothers at the East S~de Branch where "It IS because people have contributed more gen- Better Baby contests have been held, told of the erously to old-fash~oned chanties, "the menders and eagerness with which Mothers Clubs heard her patchers-up of society," as Albert Edward Wigmessage, whlch she gave In Yiddish Mrs Juliet gam calls them, than to our sc~ent~fic construct~ve Rublee, member of the Board of Directors, fol- work They have, m general, preferred to gve for lowed Mrs Benjamin's report w~th an appeal to the alleviation of social 111s rather than for the prethe younger women in the League to ralse funds for vention of these 111s It has, m the past, always been a branch of the Clmcal Research Department at easler to interest people in the rehabil~tation of Inthe East Side center dustr~al cripples than in the enactment of measures to prevent the acc~dents that make the cripples, m New Jersey and Pennsylvanza malntamng rescue homes for g~rls, than m safeguardmg the dance halls where girls get mto trou- The substance of the report by Mrs Zachariah ble, In carlng for superfluous chddren In asylums, Belcher, President of the New Jersey League, has then in teachmg parents how to lim~the~r ch~ldren been given In recent numbers of the BIRTH CONto those they can care for themselves TROL REVIEW what was new was her announce- "Philanthropy has, mdeed, up to the present lagment that a full med~cal comm~ttee has been selected ged far behmd sclence It has stumbled along and the New Jersey chnic IS now a certa~nty She blmdly In the paths of habit and sentment But a gave a tr~bute to the work of Henr~ette Hart, State change seems to be comlng about Philanthropy IS Secretary, who, "without public~ty, with no state beginnmg to seek the guidance of sclence It IS askorganlzalon or group behmd her, no moral or finaning, "How may disease and destitut~on be permac~al ass~stance from New Jersey c~tmens, succeeded nently reduced? How may the foundation be la~d m holdmg slxty parlor meetlngs and in so far rousfor a stronger and happler race?" Sclence answers, mg New Jersey from its sleep as to make a state "By birth-select~on, by having the children of the climc possible " future born to those who are physically and men- Dr Mudd presented the report of the first year's tally and morally sound " work of the B~rth Control Federation m Pennsylvanla,* where elghteen months ago Elwabeth Grew "Julian Huxley, the Engl~sh b~ologist, speaks of d~d ploneer work of the same sort as Miss Hart's B~rth Control as the "sacred Promethean gift, by Mrs George H Day, ~ts pres~dent, presented the wh~ch man, if he w~ll, can control h ~s dest~ny " The report for Connecticut, laying stress on the near- League IS workmg to bnng th~s "sacred Promesuccess of the bdl wh~ch the League had presented thean g~ft" to the Amencan people How qu~ckly to the Connect~cut Leg~slature for the repeal of the law-unique In Amencan legislation-which proh~b~ts the use of contraceptwes Lookzng Forward Mrs Robertson Jones then made a general statement of th~s year's plans The first of these IS to concentrate on the New York State Legslatme Campa~gn, "Every member of the League m N Y State," she urged, "can help w~th th~s legslatwe work Wrae or teleg~aph or call on your assemblyman and your state senator If you don't know who they are, call up the League of Women Voters (Lexmngton 2610) " Apart from th~s legslatwe work, the League hopes, as qu~ckly as funds can be raised-for each state m11 cost at least $400 a month-to put an organizer mto every state m the - This also has been covered In recent numbers of the Bmra Commo~ we can brmg ~t to them depends upon whether those who bnve ~t In thew power to glve, w~llet sclence rather than sent~ment d~recthen gmng " A Resolutzon The followmg resolut~on* was passed In behalf of Ind~a Whereas, the mlsery of the people of India has recently been placed before the world, and Whereas, the suffenng of her women and children and many of her social ills are due largely to her unrestricted b~rth rate and resulting over-population, Be ~t resolved that the Amencan Birth Control League at its annual meeting send a message of encouragement to the Bombay Birth Control League and urge the Leaders of India to rally to the support of this constructive effort Rzv~sw -.Copies to be sent to the Bombay League Taxore and Candhl

30 Margaret Sanger, Dr Benjamin T Tilton, Mrs Lewls L Delafield, Mrs Richard Billngs, and Mrs George H Day, Sr, directors, whose terms had expired were re-elected The following were elected to Active Membersh~p In the League Mrs Phhp G Bartlet, N Y, Mrs G~lbert G Browne, N Y, Seward B Colllns, Conn, Mrs LOUIS N Robin- son, Penn, Mrs John Mean Howells, N Y, Mrs John A Klngsbury, IrS Y, Mrs Alfred Kohlberg, N Y, MISS Ratherme Ludmgton, Conn, Mrs Wm Church Osborn, N Y, Mrs Franklin D Roosevelt, N Y, Mrs WarrenW N OUTLINE received through the Hon A Mrs Marjorie Farrer of London gives an interestlng survey of the progress of Blrth Control In England It has been necessary to edit the letter severely, as the author Dr C P Blacker does not reahze the ban on free speech unposed In this country, and descriptions of methods of Birth Control are freely printed and mailed In Great Brltaln With these regrettable deletions the letter follows Bzrth Control Revzew Sm~th, N Y, Mrs W 0 Winston, Jr, Minn, Mrs G Marshall Allen, N J, Mrs Willard V Kmg, N J, Mrs Edward B Renwlck, N J, Dr Sherwood Eddy, N Y, Mrs Douglas Burden, N Y, Mrs John Gary Evans, S C, Walter H Hochschdd, N Y Mrs James Ingles, M~ch, Mrs Fredenck C Knote, N Y, Joseph Lee, Mass, Mrs Wllharn H Reld, N Y. Prof E A Ross, Wlsc, Mrs Tabert Sears, N Y, Mrs Vanderbilt Webb, N Y, Mrs W K Vanderbdt, N Y, Mrs Zachanah Belcher, N J, Mrs Harns E Adnance, N J, Mrs Percy H Ingalls, N J Progress Abroad A Letter from England An Internutzonul Commzttee In the course of the Conference on World Population whlch sat at Geneva at the begnning of September, there took place an mformal meetmg of medical representatives of different countrles Interested m Birth Control By these representatives it was declded to form an International Committee composed exclusively of medical men and women wth the objects (a) of co-ordinating blochemical, physiological and statlstlcal research forthcoming from the different countrles of the world and bearlng upon contraception, and (b) of disseminating this knowledge so as to make it avadable to all countrles There were present at the meetlng in Geneva representatives of five countrles, namely Denmark, Germany, Great Brltaln, Sweden and the United States of Amerlca It is hoped to expand thls committee to Include as many countrles as possible The Headquarters of the Committee are in London In the course of the year 1926 the number of Maternlty and Chdd Welfare Centres in England has increased by 129 On March 31st, 1927, there were known to the Mlnlstry of Health 2,329 such Centres ' It has long been felt by those favorably disposed 1 Elghth Annusi Report of the Ministry of Health (H M Sta tlonery 018ce Adastral House Xingsway London W C 2 ) to Birth Control here that knowledge of thls subject could best be communicated to the general public through the medlcal officers of these Centres In May, 1924, a petltion was presented to the Mm- ~ster of Health requestmg him to give permission to medlcal officers of these Centres to give advlce on Blrth Control at their d~scretion The same plea was made by a Labor member in the House of Com- mons in 1925 when the mot~on was defeated, and m 1926 by Lord Buckmaster In the House of Lords where it was carried by 57 votes to 44 The reply of the Mlnlstry of Health to all such demands has been to refer to a regulation dealing wlth the functlons of the Maternlty and Child Welfare Centres The regulation 1s as follows -"It 1s not the function of an ante-natal Centre to give advice wlth regard to Blrth Control, and exceptional cases, where the avoidance of pregnancy seems desirable on medical grounds, should be referred for particular ad- vice to a prlvate practitioner or hospital" The lminlstry of Health 1s also influenced by the consideration that the ante-natal and child welfare Centres, whose work 1s hlghly valued, are largely staffed by voluntary workers of different religous denomlnatlons These workers, whlle united by a deslre to help the causes of matermty and chdd welfare, are far from umted as to the social and moral deslrabllrty of Blrth Control If the Mmister of Health were to authorme the medlcal officers under his jurlsdlction to give advice to women on the controversial questlon of Blrth Control, grave divisions of oplnmn wnnld he created among voluntary workers at these Centres, the effiaency of which would suffer accordingly Hence the Minlstry of Heqlth has refused to glve ~ts permsslon in the sense desired untll the measure 1s approved by a majorlty In the House of Commons There 1s llttle reason to suppose that thls w~ll be secured m the near future

31 February, 1028 Barth Control Clznrcs The d~ssemmation among the poor of knowledge of B~rth Control is, therefore, left to prlvate organizat~ons Of these the most important IS the "Society for the Prov~s~on of Blrth Control Clmics" which now has nlne centres In England and Scotland ' These are situated In Walworth (South East London), North Kensmgton (North London), East London, Wolverhampton, Oxford, Manchester, Blrm~ngham, Cambridge and Glasgow (Scotland) Up tlll August, 1927, there had been seen at these Clinics 13,022 "New Cases" and 17,228 "Return Cases" At all the sessions of the Centres affihated to th~s Society a fully qualified medical practitioner is present This Society abides stnctly by ~ts first rule that "The objects of thls Soaety shall be, in the mterests of social welfare and for the relief of poverty, to establ~sh and support Cllnics in whlch lnstmction In the most satisfactory method of contraception will be gwen to married women In poor circumstances by registered medlcal practitioners (preferably women), assisted when necessary by qualified nurses The medlcal pract~t~onershall be solely responsible for the treatment of patients and the nurses shall only act under the instructions of the medlcal practitioners " The phrase "m the Interests of social welfare and for the relief of poverty" IS important because it implies that social as well as medical considerations justify the giving to a woman of advice on Blrth Control In the course of the year 1926 a majonty of a commlttee of a B~rth Control Centre at Aberdeen (Scotland) decided that no woman could be accepted as a patlent unless she brought a recommendation from a doctor In other words, it was declded that medlcal grounds alone were to justify the givlng of advlce on Blrth Control The Aberdeen Centre was therefore erased from the roll of Centres affiliated to the Society for the provision of Birth Control Chnlcs Near Paddington (London) is another Centre, not affilrated to the Society, which is supervised by Dr Norman I-Ia~re Here over 4,000 cases have been seen m the last SIX years An lmportant Centre in London not affihated to the Soc~ety for 'he provision of Birth Control Chnics, is that of Dr Marie Stopes The latter is not a doctor of medicine, but has done much to induce the medical profess~on to take an interest in contraceptlon She has written a large book' upon the - 1 For details see Annual Report for Wdworth Women s Welhre Centre 15% East Street Walworth London Contramption It* Theory and Practice by Marie Stopes (John Bale and Danielsson London) 2nd Edition I921 pp 480 Prlee 15s The Pirat krve Thousand bv Mnrte ~top& Same publisher 1925 Price 2s 6d subject, of wh~ch over 40,000 copies have been sold, and has published a short statistical summary' of the first five thousand of her cases At the beginning of 1927 over 9,000 women had been seen at Dr Stopes' Cllnic A doctor IS not always In attendance at the sessions and uncompl~cated cases are fitted and mstructed by a nurse An Important Book An authontative medical pronouncement about Birth Control has recently been made m this country, which, whlle containmg little that is new, will carry welght with the profession There ex~sts in England a commlttee called "The Nat~onal Council of Public Morals", wh~c has for ~ts am "The moral and physlcal regeneration of the race " This committee was established m 1913, and has produced varlous books of whlch the best known are the Reports of the Natlonal Birth Rate Commission Among the later publications was one whlch appeared in 1925 called "The Ethlcs of Blrth Control" Vhls was drawn up by a Committee consisting chiefly of doctors and clergymen, most of whom were well known to the public The tendency of the concluslons reached may be apprehended from the statements in the report that marriage is a divine instltutlon, that each married couple should have four or five children at the least, that the feasibility of abstinence as a method of Birth Control is much underrated, but that, after the dutles of adequate parenthood have been met, the practlce of contracept~on by marrled persons is "difficult to condemn" Thib report represents the new of an lmportant sectlon of Engllsh people, which probably includes the majority of clergymen and many doctors By these, Blrth Control IS not necessarily opposed on moral grounds, but nevertheless ~ts indlscr~mmate spread is looked upon wth apprehension as being raclally harmful, further, it IS regarded as potentially antagonistic to a proper sense of parental duty and responsibility Later in 1925 the Natlonal Council of Publlc Morals appointed a medical sub-committee to report on the medical aspects of contracept~on Thls report has recently appeared,>nd is noteworthy In that it enibod~es the considered oplnion of a group of dlstmgu~shed medical men and women, some of whom are unfavorably d~sposed to Birth Control The chief concluslons of thls book may be brlefly summarized - Ihe Ethm of Birth Control (McYillan & Co Ltd St Martins Street London ) 1925 Price 5/ Medieti Aspects of Contraception (Martln Hopklnson 6r Co Ltd) pp 188 Price in16

32 There are lnsufficlent data available to pemt of a final opmon upon the value of the different contraceptwe methods Abstmence 1s ~mpractlcable for the majonty of young marned persons Coltus mterruptus IS condemned as harmful There 1s no "safe penod", but the chances of pregnancy are lenst from the e~ghteenth day of the menstrual cycle to the end of the cycle Evidence support~ng th~s view was advanced by Dr F A Marshall, whose opinlon was based on the researches upon the tlme of ovulat~on In woman conducted by Dr W~lfred Shaw, and pubhshed In the Br~t~sh Journal of Physwlogy The contraceptlve method most approved by the comm~ttee was that used at the Centres of the Soc~ty for the protlslon of B~rth Control Cl~n~cs The use of contraceptives brmgs about an lmpro\ement In the health of those women who use them on medlcal grounds, or because they have already had many ch~ldren Hospitals should become centres of advice and Instruct~on on thls subject The above conclusions were reached after consldorlng the evldence forthcommg from Blrth Control Cl~nlcs w~th records of over twelve thousand cases But these records have, for the most part, been ~ncompletley analysed Ev~dence from Dr Stopes' Clln~c was not considered It 1s d~fficulto prophesy what duence the book wlll have on medlcal oplnlon In England Of the lhrth Control Renew pos~t~on of the profession as a whole, ~t may be sald that ~t 1s mterested In Brth Control, but that ~ ts att~tude would he more favorable than ~t 1s ~f a method were known wh~ch was harmless, rehable, fool-proof and aesthetically unohject~onable The subject 1s much discussed by present day med~cal students who w~ll grow up w~th a wlder knowledge of ~t than was possessed by prevlous generations of doctors The subject IS accorded a varymg amount of attent~on In the med~cal press of Great Br~tam Of the med~cal journals the "Lancet" deals wlth ~t most fully and sympathetically Brrth Control Inaestagatzon Commrttee In the sprlng of 1927 there was founded In England a Bxth Control Investlgat~on Committee the objects of wh~ch are to conduct stat~st~cal research and research Into contraceptlve methods These researches are now begmnmg, and no statement can he made about them at thls early stage But ~t may he sa~d that the statlstlcal data whlch the cornmlttee w11l cornpde wlll be more complete and detalled than any that have yet appeared m th~s country The Commrttee tncludes the followmg members E D Adr~an, M D, F R S, C P Blacker, M B C J Bond C M G, Professor A M Carr Saunders Frank Cook F RC S, Mrs Gladys Cox, M B, B S, Professor Wtnlfred Culllo, D Sc Professor Arthur Elhs, M D, Pro fessar Jullan Huxlcy Professor F H A Marshall D Sc F R S, Professor Sir Hurnphry Rolleston Bart, KC B, FR S, ass~sted by Mrs Lella Florence (Cambrrdge Women s Welfare Centre) Mrs Margaret Lloyd (Workers Bmh Control Group), Mrs Margaret Spnng- Rlce (North Kenslngton Women s Welfare Centre) Mrs Mary Stocks (Manchester k Salford k Dlstrtct Mother's Clmc), Honorary Treas- urer F J Hunt~ngtan (Walworth Women s Welfare Centre) Hon orary Secretary The Hon Mrs Marlorle Parrer, 416 Clanncarde Gardens London, W 2 An Appeal From France T HE advocates of Blrth Control In France have 3,741pls and 802 boys For boys from 10 to 18 there had to turn the~r attention to allevlat~on as IS other provlslon, rt IS the gyls and younger bop who the ad\ ocacy of the true remedy 1s denled them find shelter at "h Tutelaue9' We are glad to present to our readers the follomg The work of Tutebe,, bas grown M, mmb appeal rt IS absolutely necessary to bd new quarters, and for Judge Hem RoUet of P-, who a good of purpose Is needed a sum of 1,900,000 franuldbut Bvth Control, sends an appeal to those Amencam, who r 175,000 There IS no better way of helpmg the unforlove France and who have enlod that Pam h- tunate Lttle adren of France than by sendlng a an- &Y offem to for- v-lt-, to ad the domte a- h.17jmon to Tutele9,, 164-6, Rue Blomet Pary dren of the c~ty %a Tutelaw" IS an estabbhment whch XV, France takes m temporardy gvls and llttle clddren who fall mto distress lt receives, cares for, and adorts these un- Judge Rolkt belmes, as we do, that Bwth Control would do much to obvuate the need of such oppeals as thw forhmates and then ~t studres them character and dnposlone But m the meantme the chddren are here and must to phcmg they can find more be cored for, and whtle there w pblw ~OYESW)~ for boys P-ent homes It was fm~~ded during the war, and ten, the care of these ltttle ones w lqt to such age* by the end of 1923 rt had cared for 4,543 chddrem- cles as "Lo Tutelowe"

33 February, 1928 AS A PROPHET (Contznurd from page 40) meaning the Increase of wealth, comfort, convenience and luxury for themselves To read of people m a future age looking back on the Nineteenth Century as an age of barbarians, of ignorance such as we attribute to the anc~ent Britons, simply made most of the people of 1900 smlle --or swear Yet lf you read thls d~alogue of Ravelock Ellls's now, you see that he expressed m lt the opmons whlch all sensible persons have had forced upon them and wh~ch are shapmg the world to come ON A CERTAIN TYPE OF JOKE A subscriber sends us the follow~n~ "mascuhn~st" joke from the Medscd Psckzmck, wlth her comment Nurse -A httle stranger has arrlved Absent-minded Professor -Well ask hlm what he wants 1 Nurse -It's a little boy, sirr Professor -Well'-Isn't my mfe at home? "A joke of th~s krnd" says our correspondent "I detest I have wallowed during part of my l~fe In the mass of facetrousness that men used to enjoy so much at the expense of women where every thmg connected w~th childbirth provokes merely male sniggers, and where the superior~ty of man over women IS ch~efly shown Ly the fact that only the pleasurable part of procreation belongs to the male, xhile all the consequences have to be borne by the female The effects of th~s expenence 1s to gxve me a real complex aga~nst such jokes, a complex which I find is shared by a very large number of women Don't you think we ought to stand for the hgnity of ch~ld-blrth and not to be accomplices In the perpetuation of this v~le kind of male supenonty humor?" A COMMON EXCUSE There need be no fear about a decrease m the populat~on of Los Angeles, according to Mun~cipal Judge Chambers, of Speeders' Court For, from the figures taken from hs bench, bab~es-are born at a greater rate than the wlldest populat~on enthuslast ever dared prophesy "Out of an average of forty upeedmg cases that I hear every day," Judge Chambers remarked, "ten excuse themselves on the ground that they were mshmg home to see or welcome a new baby" -Evnung Gropluc (N Y ) Correspondence Lght Stdl Banned England Edrtor BIRTH CONTROL REVIEW Your letter of December 7 has only just reached me I am a great adnure of Havelock Elhs's work, but as you see, I cannot posslbly get any artlcle to you in ti- January 6th 1s lmposslble The extraordmary fact 1s that In our hbranes, at least ~n the Free Munrclpal ones, as far as my expenence goes, Havelock Ehs IS barred, even as regards such a book as hls work on Sparn I had a cod~ct some tune ago mth the London Lrbrary over the question of supplymg me wlth hls books deahng dwectly wlth sex Yet, In my opmlon, he IS not merely a wrse man, but m many respects a genrus qu~te unique In thls age Wlth comphments and thanks for the honour you have done me, M P WILLCOCKS EDITOR'S NOTE-We shall look fmard zmth pleasure to pnntmg Mass Wdkocks' trtbzlte to Havelock Elks next year An Echo of "Needlest Cases" Edator, BIRTH CONTROL REVIEW I want to thank you for your edrtonal on the "Hundred Needlest Cases" There 1s a proverb that "Prcvent~on 1s better than cure", but who belleves it when ~t 1s a case of appeals for contribut~ons? Thmk of the hundreds of thousands of dollars that have been collected thls Chnstmas t~me' But the people who are helped by means of these great sums must first go down Into the hell of extreme poverty and suffermg And all the tlme more hundreds of thousands of neehest cases are m preparat~on, and soc~ety 1s deliberately forcmg many of them mto that same hell by refusmg them the access to Blrth Control advlce Surely we are hardly sane as a nation when we act hke th~s 1 M L T January 3,1928 Rhode Island Edtto~, BIBTH CONTROL REVIEW I enclose a cheque for fifty dollars as a Christmas present for the League, ml1 all good mshes I am sendmg ~t to you instead of to the "Hundred Neemest Cases" as I feel it wtll meet them needs better thls way With Chnstmas greetmgs to all of your staff and to YOU D H W I~IJNT

34 HUMAN WASTE Chlcago provldes another baby story, having nothmg to do mth accidental polsonlng but stdl not wholly happy It is about Mrs Carmella Carbone, who has gven b~rth to a pair of tw~ns, her fourth paw That makes s~xteen bab~es Mrg Carbone has borne ~n nineteen pears of marnage and forty of hfe But seven of the children, mcluding all the prevlous tmns, &ed early And prospects are none too bnght for the nine living ch~ldren Mr Carbone 1s out of work So 1s the oldest boy, aged 16, who has helped in the past So is Mr Carbone's brother, also a former contnbutor Ch~cago philanthropy seems to have done something for Mrs Carbone, for the first time, and may help the fam~ly to pull through The death rate may reem hrgh, but that H not ~12~162~1 m famdws reported as humng bwths m ezceptml number Whatever the case may suggest to advocates or opponents of Birth Control, st should snipre somethmg of satwfactwn rn the mmds and heart: of parents who have had fern chddren, but huvc managed to bnmg them safely through the huzarda of chrmhood -E&tonal CIVIC FOLLY in The Chehnd New: Bzrth Control Revzew For dynamlc poetry deahng fearlessly wlth dreams of tomorrow and thmcs of today, stressrng the awaking of women and the new an~tude toward 'sex, read Contemporary Verse Edrted by LUCIA TRENT, RALPH CHEYNEY and BENJAMIN MUSSER $1 50 a year Srgn~ficant orrglnal poems, translatrons, quoted poems, artrcles and mmprehcnsive revrewa Investigate "Contemporary Verse" Prrze Contests, Bureau of Cntre~sm, Course In Ver~e Technrque, Book Salca Servree and Publrshrng Offer CONTEMPORARY VERSE 107 South Mansfield Ave, Margate, Atlant~c C~ty, N J A newspaper syndicate sends out a story by Irvm Cobb of the days when some state chanties pa~d a fam~ly a hundred dollars a year toward the support of each feeble- MARGARET SANGER COMES TO BERLIN mnded chdd A stranger and a c~tizen were travelmg (Contrnucd from page 54) together They came to a homestead that was ~nfin~tely and sends them to physmans who are ~nstructed to better lookmg than any they had seen for days The house was of clapboards, mstead of the customary logs, meet the needs as prescr~bed There are cases when and ~t she advlses ster~lizat~on when the health mdicates was pamted The fences were stout and neatly whitewashed The stock in the barn lot had a well-nourthe necessity Mrs Sanger says she saw the deep rehef and thankfulness of the women to Dr R~ese, shed look "Who lives here?" inquired the stranger "Judgng by and this moved her deeply the looks of the place he must be forehanded man " In the work of Dr R~ese we see a Marriage Advice "He certa~nly is," said the natwe "He's forehanded, Center functio~ung as ~t should, although ~t IS but log~cal to expect that ~t should develop mto a but he's had a sight of luck in h ~s t~me, too He's got 'leven ch~ldren and all of 'em IS ~j~ots " chc where contraceptive ~nformat~on 1s given mthout sendmg women to phys~cians whose fees are proh~b~t~ve for most poor women We may say "Mr LOUIS I Dubhn est~mates that a baby born to-day wlth justlce that Mrs Sanger's vwt to Germany 1s worth $1,447 Parents mll be well advlsed to sell at has very defirutely brought this fact to the foreonce, In mew of the possibihty of a slump " ground for d~scuss~on and poss~ble action -Pwh (London ) * * * * * * Mmng is men's most dangerous trade, yet the death- From Columbus Circle to Herald Square Hotel after rate of workmg mothers from fatal accidents In ch~ldhotel Lobby after lobby Nme o'clock by the &a1 above b~rth 1s six or seven times as great as the mortahty from the crossroads of the world Ten o'clock Eleven o'clock fatal accidents In the mlnes Sweet-faced gentlemen offered the "BIETH CONTBOL Are mothers then to be demed even the nght to plead REVIEW " Pmeapple juwe salesmen wooed us mth ptne- before miners and other trade umon~sts that they, too, appled words Sidewalk salesmen d~splayed toy balloons, should be allowed to regulate the nsks, the hours and dancmg dolls the cond~tions of them own occupation? -ROBERT GABLAND in The Graphrc (N Y ) -DORA RUSSELL in John Bd (London)

35 From Canada To Wherever you find wlnter sports, you wdl also find 3-ln-One This great oil is helping bladed skates cut swirls on ice-locked Canadian lakes and at the same time helping roller skates spin merrdy along palm-shaded pavements from Florida to California The Hwh Quahty For lee Skates-3 ~n-one keeps them keen by prcvcntrn dwtruc- five rust Oh clamps Keeps leather skatmg shocs pllafle For Ron- Skates-3-ln-One 011s the rollers rlght Prevents rust Preserves leather straps For &cydes-3-1n-one works out old grease and dlrt from bearlngs 011s perfectly Pollshes and rust proofs nlckeled parts Makes enamel shine Cleans and preserves leather saddle For C-3 In One 011s the mechanism Prevents rust lnslde and out Removes black powder resldue Polishes stock For Golf Shche-3-ln-One rust roofs and pollshes metal head Cleans.. pohshes. and preserves shak Keeps leather handle soft At all good dealers Lwk for the Big Red "One an can or bottle Penetrates quickly 011s perfectly Stays tn bearlngs Never gums Never dr~es out Sample of 3 I" One and D~ctlonary of Request both on a postal FREE: uses