Index. Note: Page references in bold type indicate the main treatment of the philosopher.

Transcription

1 Index Note: Page references in bold type indicate the main treatment of the philosopher. actions 87 8, 251 2, 277 8, 288, 297 8, 304, 320 1, 446 7; under a description 297 8, adverbs and adverbial modification aesthetics and the arts agent causation 288 analysis, conceptions of 1 5, 76 7, 84, 91 2, 97, , 210, , 380, ; paradox of 293 analyticity and synonymy 2, 74 5, 82 4, 88 9, 98, 102, 105, 153, 161 2, 183 5, 205 6, 207 9, 210, 345, 456, 470 1, 478, 480 1; see also propositions and meaning Anscombe, Elizabeth 229, anti-realism 340 1, , 402 8; see also realism a priori 98, 183, 190 1, 207 8, 429, 470 1; see also analyticity and synonymy Aristotle , 323, 341, 372, 373, 416, 466 Armstrong, David assertibility, warranted assertives asymmetric dependency theory of meaning Augustine of Hippo 82, 396 Austin, J. L. 3, 118, , 255, 288, 335, 430, Austin, John 169 authority, see political theory autopsychological realm 95 7 Ayer, A. J. 2, 3, 98, 176, 179, , 223 4, 227, 232, 327, 335, 389 axiom of existence 436 axiom of identification 436 axiom of infinity 18, 97 axiom of reducibility 97 Background, the 442, Barcan Formula, the 357 Bauch, Bruno 94, 95 Bayesianism 106, 152 Bedeutung 13 16; see also reference behabitives 221, 234 behaviorism 184, 247, 357, 413, 451, 452, 454 belief 141 4, 293 4, , 359, 413, 415, 451, , 480, 481; belief de re and de dicto 199; direct and self-attribution of 293 Berkeley, George 407 bivalence Blackburn, Simon 179 Blanshard, Brand 177 Bloomsbury group 45 6 bodies, material Boltzmann, Ludwig 68 Boolos, George 17 Bouwsma, O. K. 3, 231 Boyle s Law 157, 298, 299, 373 Bradley, F. H. 1, 23, 27 brain in a vat 404 6, 446 Braithwaite, Richard 376 breakdown theory, the

2 Brentano, Franz 287, 452 Broad, C. D. 55, 57 67, 274, 348 Burge, Tyler 424 Cantor, Georg 18, 24, 25 Carnap, Rudolf 9, 39, 72, 90, , 146, 148, 150, 152, 163 4, 181 3, 185 7, 232, 239, 248, 373, 375, Cartesianism, see Descartes and Cartesianism categories 335 category mistake causal theory of mind causal theory of perception 446 causal theory of reference, see reference causation 144 5, 157, , , 320 1, 345 6, , 431, 447, 485 7; intentional central state materialism certainty 51 2, 282 C-fibers 397 8, 472; see also mind brain identity charity, principle of 303 Chinese Room, the Chisholm, Roderick 4, 61, Chomsky, Noam , 451, 452, 453, 461, 463 Church, Alonzo 9, 102, , 207 Church s theorem 129 Church s thesis class 14, 18 coherence in knowledge commissives 221, common sense 47 communication 384; see also conversation, theory of compositionality 83 4, 270, 300 7, 312, 456 computational/representational theory of thought 451, 454 9, 461 computational states 398 concepts conceptual schemes 309, 335 confirmation 99, 103 4, 150 1, 186 7, 191, 193, 298; see also verification connectionism 452, 455 consciousness , 345 6, ; see also first person and first person pronouns constative utterances constructionalism constructivism 95 7 content, wide and narrow context principle, the 12 convention 321 2, conventional implication conventionalism 99, conversation, theory of conversational implicature conversational maxims converse consequence condition 151 Cooperative Principle Copernicus, Nicholas 372 3, 374 correspondence theory of truth, see truth corroboration 111 counterpart theory covering law model of explanation 156 Craig, William criteria 322 CRTT, see computational/representational theory of thought Darwin and Darwinianism Davidson, Donald 340, , 424, 431, 452 decision theory declarations 435 6, Dedekind, Richard 17, 24 de dicto and de re belief, see belief deductive nomological model D demonstratives 293 Dennett, Daniel 60, 452 denoting and denoting concepts 27 9; see also reference Derrida, Jacques Descartes, René, and Cartesianism 1, 51 2, 55 6, 82, 119, 235 6, 242 3, 310, 312, 341, 343, 402 3, 428 9, 470 descriptions, theory of 28 33, 80, 197, 264 5, 336 7, 338 9, descriptive theory of reference 437, descriptivism 327 determinism, see freedom and free will Devlin, Lord Dewey, John 431 Difference Principle, the 362, 364 5, 367 diophantine problems directives disciplinary matrix 373 discourse, indirect

3 distributive normal form 275 Donnellan, Keith 338, 437, 469 dreams and dreaming 235 Dreske, Fred 457 dualism, property 439 Duhem, Pierre-Maurice-Marie 187 Dummett, Michael 338, 340, , 429 Dworkin, Ronald 172 egalitarianism 370 Einstein, Albert 62, 95, , 137 E-language Elementarerlebnisse 96 7, 106 n. 4, 163 elex, see Elementarerlebnisse emotivism 175 9, 327 empiricism 95 9, , 240 1, ; see also logical empiricism entrenchment property entropy 104 epistemology, see knowledge ethics 45 6, 175 9, , 276 7, 286, 323 4, 326, 350 5, 359 Evans, Gareth 242, 349, 379 events 297 8, evidence 104, 150, 186, , 199, 311; see also confirmation evident, the 282 4, 287; see also certainty excluder words 224, 228 excuses 173 exemplar exemplification 345 exercitives 221 experience, metaphysics of 345 6, explanation 155 8; deductive nomological 157 expositives 221 expressives extensionality externalism 396, 401, 403 7, , 424, 459 facts 191 2, 294, 306; brute 322; institutional 449; see also states of affairs fact/value distinction fairness fallibilism 99, 111, falsification , 149, 193; see also induction and verification family 369 fanatics 331 Feigl, Herbert 239 feminism 369, 376 Feyerabend, Paul 375 first person and first person pronouns 87, 96, , 233 4, 242 3, 292 3, , 343, 438, 441 fixed point lemma 101, 106 Fodor, Jerry folk psychology 451 Foot, Philippa force, linguistic or illocutionary 12, 379, Foucault, Michel 433 freedom and free will 87 8, 225, 278, 288, 318, Frege, Gottlob 1, 6 20, 68, 70 2, 75, 83, 94, 95, 99, 102, 130, 152, 182, 378 9, 382 4, 390 1, 429, 433, 437, 459, 460 1, 467, 469; Begriffsschrift 7, 9 11; Grundlagen der Arithmetik (Foundations of Arithmetic) 7 8, 11 12, 18, 382; Grundgesetze der Arithmetik (Basic Laws of Arithmetic) 7 8, 16, 17 20, 26 Freud, Sigmund 111, 112, 452 Friedman, Michael 106 n. 6 functionalism 247, , functions 9 10, 34 5, 131, 134 Galileo 372 Geach, Peter 8, 9, 28 geometry 95 Gettier, Edmund 286 ghost in the machine 121 Gibbard, Allan 179 Gibson, J. J. 452, 453 given, the, and the myth of the given 190, 240, Glymour, Clark 151 God, proofs of Gödel, Kurt 37, , 101, 128, 133 7, 185 gödel numbers Goldbach s conjecture Goodman, Nelson 42, 151, 155 6, 160 8, 419, 425, 463, 478 9, 485 Grice, H. P. 233, , 340, 447, 480 groundedness 474 grue

4 haecceity Hahn, Hans 99 Hale, Bob 382, 387, 390, 391 Hanson, N. R. 374, 375 Hare, R. M. 179, Harman, Gilbert 5 Hart, H. L. A , 227 Hegelianism 22 3 Heidegger, Martin 423 3, 444 Helmholtz, H. L. F. von 95 Hempel, Carl G. 2, 146, Hertz, Heinrich Rudolf 68 Hesse, Mary 375 Hilbert, David 7 historical chain theory of reference 469 historicism 114 Hobbes, Thomas 176 Holder, Otto 19 holism 186 7, 308, 444, 456, 463, 464 humanism Hume, David , 144, 176, 205, 210, 297, , 335, 348, 350 1, 353, , 442, 454, 485 6, 487 Husserl, Edmund hypotheses 104, 461 hypothetical-deductive method 89, 129, idealism 22 4, 45, 216 n. 6, 345, 431 ideas and meaning 383 4, 394; see also meaning, theory of identification, see reference identity 30 1; criteria of 291, 416 I-languages , 424, 425 illocutionary acts, see speech acts illusion 223 4, 417 images, mental 319, 454 imperatives implicature, see conversation, theory of incompleteness theorems indeterminacy of reference 202 indeterminacy of translation 188 induction 43, 101, 103 5, 106, , 210, 241 3, 274 5, 347; new riddle of induction 151, inductive statistical explanation inferential role semantics 456, infinity, axiom of 18 information theoretic semantics 457 inscrutability of reference 202 intention and intentionality 73 4, , 287 8, 289, 320 2, 325 n. 2, , , 448, 480; collective 448; intrinsic and derived 440, 444 internalism 240 1, 401 2; see also externalism interpretation, radical 302 4, introspectionism 442 irrealism 166 8; see also realism Jaeger, Robert 235 Jaeger, Werner 279 James, William 41, 431 judgment 26, 40 1; see also thought justice 353, 355, justification 240, 281, 347, 431 2; see also confirmation Kaila, Eino 274, 279 Kant, Immanuel, and Kantianism 2, 21 2, 23, 24, 42, 48, 94, 95, 137, 173, 207, 240, 328, 335, 341, 345, 361, 362, 408 9, , 470 Kaplan, David 103, 459, 460 Kemeny, John 104 Kepler s Laws 157 Keynes, John Maynard 104 Kleene, S. C. 101 knowledge 33, 39, 47 57, 95 6, 98, 142, 144, , 208, 228, 232 3, 240 1, 255, 281 7, , 341, 415, , 470 1; by acquaintance 33, 38 9, 341; self-knowledge 242 3; see also first person and first person pronouns Kripke, Saul 4, 106, 338, 358, 359, 375, , 482; Kripke models 467 Kuhn, Thomas 105, 106, 371 7, 463 lambda conversion 133 Langford, C. H. 129, language, nature of 2 3, 17, 76 9, 82 5, 100 1, 124 7, 201, , 322, , 434 8, 475 6, ; private language games 84, 317, 322 language of thought 454 5, 461 law, nature of law and morality 170, 172 law of excluded middle laws of nature 298,

5 legal positivism 169, 172 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm 24, Lewis, C. I. 102, 166, 216 n. 3, 232, Lewis, David 145, 293, liar paradox 34, 473 linguistic competence and performance 422 linguistic turn Locke, John 383 4, 410, 429, 454 locutionary acts, see speech acts logic , 275, 454; deontic 276 7; nature of 186 7, 197 8, 291, , 378; see also modality and modal logic logical atomism 37 8 logical empiricism 94, 95, 98, 105, 106, 148, 152, 206 8, 239, 288 logical positivism 94, 97 8, 148, 205, 208, 389 logical syntax 101 logical truth 77 8 logicism 24, 35 6, 97 8, 99, McDowell, John 349, 379, 387 Mackie, J. L. 177 McTaggart, J. M. E. 22, 57, 62 3 making as if to say Malcolm, Norman Marcus, Ruth Barcan Marx and Marxism 111, 112 master argument, the materialism, see naturalism in metaphysics mathematics, philosophy of 6 9, 12, 17 20, 24 8, 80 1, meaning, theory of 13 15, 73, 82 5, 98 9, 101 3, 124 8, , 161 2, 183 4, 199, 244 8, , 300 9, 312, 322, 337, 340 1, , 394 6, 400 1, 404 5, 447, 455 7, , 476; and ideas 383 4, 394; and understanding , 394; see also names, proper mechanism 234 Meinong, Alexius 30, 289 memory 236 7, 284, 319 Menn, Stephen 200 mentalese, see language of thought Merleau-Ponty, Maurice 226 metaphor metaphysics 3 4, 77, 88 9, 97 8, 101, 103, 196 7, 200 3, 216, 247 8, , 305, 341 2, 345 7, 380 1, 384, 402 8, , 425, 429, 448 9, ; descriptive and speculative 335 6, 341 meters and the meter bar 471 Mill, John Stuart 17 18, 114, 155, 208, 469, 470 mind body problem, see minds and the mental and mind brain identity mind brain identity 397 8, minds and the mental 64 6, 85 7, 233 4, 278, 298 9, 319, 343 4, , , , 438 9, 471; other minds 12, 215 modality and modal logic 102, 106, , 275 6, 290, 357 9, 466 7, 472, models 373 modularity of mind and language 422, 426 n. 3, 451, monism, anomalous mood, linguistic 12 mood of consciousness 441 Moore, G. E. 23 4, 39, 45 56, 176 7, 227, 231, 233 morality, see ethics Morris, Charles 373 Nagel, Ernest 154 names, causal theory of 358 9, names, proper 197 8, 358 9, 437, ; see also meaning, theory of nativism 461 natural kinds 396 natural selection naturalism in ethics 327, 350 naturalism in metaphysics , 193, 244, 290, 344, , 428, 484 necessity 71, 88 9, 102, , 290 1, 480 2; see also modality and modal logic Network, the Neurath, Otto 98 9 Newton, Isaac 371, 372, 373 nominalism 11, 72, 163 5, 248, 382, 416, 484 noncognitivism 390 normal science 371 norms 276 7, 299, 476; see also logic, deontic and ethics Nozick, Robert

6 obligation 322 3, 324, 435 observation and observation sentences 190, 191 3, 201 2, omega rule 101 ontological commitments 200 ontological objectivity and subjectivity 448 ontological relativity ontology, see metaphysics operationalism 149 ordinary language philosophy 3 4, , , O Shaughnessy, Brian 416 ought 324, 327, 332 overlapping consensus Oxford philosophy, see ordinary language philosophy pain 86 7, 398, 414, 438, 472 paradigm 371 2, 373 paradox of analysis 46 paradox of the ravens paradoxes 140 particulars and universals 344 5, , Peano, Giuseppe 7, 19, 24, 28, 140 Pearson, Karl 155 Peirce, C. S. 431, 432 perception 240, , 284, 319, 415, performatives 3, perlocutionary acts, see speech acts persons 252, 335, phatic acts, see speech acts phenomenalism 98, 101, Phillips, D. Z. 3 philosophy, nature of 82 4, 88 91, 97 8, 101 2, 187 8, 194 5, , 222 4, 227 8, 243, 335 6, 397, ; future of 213 physicalism 64 6, 98, 99, 101, 190; see also naturalism in metaphysics Piaget, Jean 376, 417, 422 Plantinga, Alvin 482 Plato 1, 416, 461 Poincaré, Jules Henri 97, 187 political theory 323 4, 362 8, 432 Popper, Karl 99, 105, possible worlds 357, 359, 467 8, postmodern, bourgeois liberalism 432 practices 322 pragmatism and pragmatics 99, 101, 103, 141 3, predicates, see predication predication 344 5, preferences prescriptivism 326 7, 330 presupposition 256, 337 Price, H. H. 59, 218, 223 Principle of Informational Equilibrium 460 Principle of Tolerance 100 1, 106, 185 principles and parameters 419, privacy 86 private language 346 probability 103 5, 142 3, 274 5; see also induction promising proper names, see names, proper and reference and meaning, theory of properties 291, 459, 484 5; self-presenting 283 propositional attitudes 40 1, 199, 292 4, 308 9, 451, 470 propositional functions 35 propositions 40, 83, 105, 199, 291, 485 6; conditional 145, 340, 485 6; contingent 290 1; counterfactual 298, 483 7; general 27 8; about the past 12, 316, 327; probable 284; religious and theological 213; sentences and statements, synthetic 207 8, 345, 470 1; synthetic 88 9, 470 1; universal 99; see also analyticity and synonymy and necessity proprioception 441 protocol sentences 98 pseudo-problems 98 psychoanalysis 111 psychology, empirical 193 4, , 423, psycho-physical parallelism 278 Putnam, Hilary 106, 106 n. 6, 154, , , 424, Pylyshyn, Zenon 463 quantifiers and quantification 9 10, 28 9, 35, 70 1, 74 5, 100, 356 9, 474 5, 483 quasi-analysis

7 Quine, W. V. 2, 3 4, 102, 105, 106, 153, 164 5, , 207, , 336, 340, 344, 358, 375, 419, 422 3, 425, 430, 431, 452, 456, 459, 464, 472, 478 9, 480 quotation and extensionality 198 radical interpretation, see interpretation, radical Ramsey, F. P. 34, 42, 69, 104, , 400, 415, 487 rationality 329 Rawls, John 4, realism 98, 103, 105, 194 5, 202 3, 243 4, 291, 335, 378, ; intentional 452; metaphysical 402 9, 448; modal 481 4; naive 214; in perception 415 reasons and causes 88, 277 8, , 320 reducibility, axiom of 35 6, 140 reductionism 96, 214, 251, 299, reference 13 16, 73, 201 2, 336 8, 341 2, 344 5, 378 9, 383, 394 5, 424 5, 436 7; causal theory of 379 referring, see reference reflective equilibrium 362, 366 7, 478, 479 Reichenbach, Hans 94, 98, 104, 152, 154, 375 Reid, Thomas 47, 59 relativism, moral 354 representation 445 6, resentment retributivism 331 rhetoric acts, see speech acts Richard s paradox 140 rigid designators Rorty, Richard 4, Ross, Alf 170 rule of adjudication 171 rule of change 171 rule of recognition 171 rules, constitutive and regulative rules, linguistic rules and representations, see principles and parameters rules and rule following 84 6, 88 9, rules of action and criticism 246 Russell, Bertrand 1, 2, 21 44, 51, 60, 62 4, 68, 70 1, 75, 95, 97, 99, 106 n. 6, 117, 144, 152, 181, 182, 197 8, 205, 222, 232, 236, 264 5, 288, 306, 336 7, 339, 341, 359, 467, 469; Human Knowledge: Its Scope and Limits 42 3; On Denoting 28 33, 336 7, 339, 341; Principia Mathematica 29, 35 7, 96 7; Principles of Mathematics 24 7, 29 Russell s paradox 25 6 Ryle, Gilbert 3, , 255, 397 Salmon, Nathan 482 Sartre, Jean-Paul 433 satisfaction Schlick, Moritz 2, 77, 95, 97, 98, 99, 205, 207, 211 Schopenhauer, Arthur 68 science 94 5, 97, 102, 103, , 194, 335, Searle, John R. 3, 178, 221, 222 3, 225 6, 233, 267 8, 339, 423 4, self-reference 290, 293, 319 self-knowledge, see first person and first person pronouns self-referential experiences and causation Sellars, Wilfrid 4, , 293, 408, 430, 431, 463 semantics, see meaning, theory of sensation , 319, 415; see also perception sense (Sinn), see meaning, theory of sense-data 38, 58 62, 222, sets 34 5, 201, , 484 Sextus Empiricus 429 similarity 96, 486 Sinn, see meaning situatedness 441 skepticism 48 54, 111, 194, 214, , 336, 340, 342, 344, 403 6, 429, 446 Skinner, B. F. 454 Smart, J. J. C. 413, 414 Smullyan, Arthur 358 social contract social reality social rules Socrates 227 solipsism 212; methodological

8 space 95, 97; see also time speaker and sentence meaning 255 6; see also meaning, theory of speech acts , 434 8, 443 4; locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary Sraffa, Piero 69 statements, see propositions states of affairs 38, 73 4, 290 2, 294, ; see also facts Stevenson, C. L , 327 stimulation, sensory 193 Stout, G. F. 57 Strawson, P. F. 3 4, 32, 225, 257, 263, 264, , 437 subjectivism 177, 350 2, subjectivity 441 subjects, see reference substitutional quantification, see quantifiers and quantification supervenience 417, 438, 484, 485, 487 Suppe, Frederick 376 Suppes, Patrick 376 swampman 410, 424 symbols, nature of synonymy, see analyticity and synonymy syntax 440 Tarski, Alfred 101, 102, 124 8, 473 tautologies, see analyticity and synonymy teleological semantics Tharp, Leslie theories, nature of thinking 87, thought (Gedanke) 16 17, 73 4, 382; see also judgment thought, language of 73 4, 415 time 62, , tone, linguistic 13, 379 Toulmin, Stephen 375 transcendental arguments 347 transfer principle 329, translation, radical, see interpretation, radical trouser word 224 truth 101, 103, , 294, 300 1, 305 7, 338 9, 340, 416, 430 1, 473 4; correspondence theory 225, 306 7, 338, 416, 430 1; redundancy theory 141, , 307, 308 truth-conditions 379, truth-value gaps 337 T-sentences 125 7, 300 4, 307 Turing, Alan 129, 454, 455, 462, 464 Twin Earth 395, 405, , types, theory of 34 5, 97, 140 unconscious, the 442 underdetermination of theory 191 understanding and meaning 381 2; see also meaning, theory of unity of science 98 universalizability 326, 328 universals, see particulars and universals utilitarianism 45 6, 173, , 361, 365, 366, 367 utterer s and utterance meaning 254 6, ; see also meaning, theory of validation 210 value judgments 326 value range van Fraassen, Bas 376 variables 28 9 veil of ignorance 361, 363 Vendler, Zeno 435 verdictives 221 verification and verification principle 2, 78, 98 9, 122, , 205 7, 232 3, 456; weak and strong 78, 122, 206; see also confirmation verification-transcendent truth-conditions vicious circle principle 34, 35, 140 Vienna Circle 2, 77 8, 94, 97 9, 103, 148, 181 2, 205 volition 87 8, 251; see also freedom and free will von Neumann, John 37 von Wright, G. H Waismann, Friedrich 99 Wallace, John Warnock, Geoffrey 223, 338, 339 White, Stephen 460 Whitehead, A. N. 34, 35 6, 42, 71, 95, 97, 198, 288 will, see freedom and free will Wien, Max 95 Winch, Peter

9 Wittgenstein, Ludwig 2 3, 9, 33, 36, 40 1, 45, 47 8, 68 93, 98, 122, 181, 182, 216 n. 4, 225 6, 227, 231 2, 274, 278 9, 288, 297, 306, 315, , 336, 346, 348, 350 1, 352, 378, 382, 384, 386 7, 394 5, 396 7, 403, 418, 423, 425, 430, 445, 452, 475 6; On Certainty 45, 70; Philosophical Investigations 81 8; Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus 2, 70 82, 275, 288 world-mates 484 Wright, Crispin 381, 385 9, Zermelo, Ernst

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