Language Supports for Argument Writing

Transcription

1 Language Support for Stating an Explicit Claim Language Supports for Argument Writing (The author/speaker) Adverbs strongly adamantly forcefully passionately firmly sternly completely absolutely vehemently sincerely ardently intensely states believes asserts purports posits insists maintains argues declares reports contends emphasizes urges denies disputes agrees disagrees notes objects opposes proposes refutes rejects supports (THAT) Language Support for Stating an Implied Claim (The author/speaker) suggests infers implies insinuates addresses describes discusses explains expresses hypothesizes illustrates indicates introduces assumes seems to (THAT)

2 Language Support for Introducing Evidence For example For instance As an illustration Illustration of To illustrate this idea/point To take a case in point Consider According to In fact In particular/specifically For example, on page (or in lines ), says, For instance, in the text it states, For instance, in my personal life As an illustration, in the text on page it reads, As an illustration, my own personal life reveals The description on page is a perfect illustration of To illustrate this idea, the author describes To illustrate my point, I will share a personal experience related to To take a case in point, when I was To take a case in point, the event on shows us Consider this example: Let s consider the event/experiment/behavior of According to, In fact, research reveals that,in particular, highlights The case of, specifically, indicates Language Support for Paraphrasing Evidence In other words That is to say Literally speaking In the literal sense Basically In making this comment The point is In other words, the author is trying to say In other words, the statistics reveal That is to say, feels/thinks/believes In the literal sense, the quote means Literally speaking, the lines in the poem are about Basically, is saying/this means In making this comment, (use a claim verb) The point here is that

3 Language Support for Analyzing Evidence (Explaining Significance) [The evidence The facts The details in the text The data The research The studies My personal experience My observations] illustrate(s) demonstrate(s) show(s) reveal(s) highlight(s) shed(s) new light challenge(s) emphasize(s) Infer(s) interpret(s)/interpretation (may) suggest(s) insinuate(s) attempt(s) address(es) convey(s) seem(s) Figuratively speaking, Imply(ies)/Intimate(s) This example illustrates These observations demonstrate These facts show us that The facts/examples/studies reveal Not only does the evidence reveal, but The evidence highlights Recent studies shed new light on Recent data on challenge This study/example/quote emphasizes The author includes these words to emphasize From this, (I/We) can infer that I interpret this to mean My interpretation of this quote is The author suggests (is suggesting) that From these lines, the author insinuates that Similar to/contrary to, the evidence attempts to Although the author discusses, s/he neglects to address The speaker conveys It seems to me that Figuratively speaking, the author is saying that Based on, the author implies

4 Language Supports for Acknowledging Opposing or Alternate Views On the other hand However In contrast Different Although Despite Alternate/ Alternatively On the other hand, some people argue that However, not everyone agrees with In contrast to s view, asserts that offers a different perspective and believes that Although some argue for, others claim that Despite the evidence in favor of, others argue for An alternate view is Alternatively, reports that Language Supports for a Counterargument/Reply Although, maintains Overlooks Neglects Assumes Mistaken/flawed Contradictory concede, insist Despite, declare Disagree Regardless (of) Although makes some valid points, I maintain that overlooks the importance of By focusing on, overlooks neglects to address s argument is flawed because it assumes is mistaken because the research shows I disagree with because there is contradictory evidence. Though I concede that, I insist that Despite some evidence against, I continue to declare that I disagree with because I disagree that because regardless of the evidence mentioned.

5 Language Supports for a Concluding Statement Overall As you (one) can see For these reasons Consequences/implications Upon reflection In summary Therefore Significant/Important As stated earlier In fact Thus Clearly (states/suggests/highlights) Further research Overall, the important point to remember is As you can see, it is imperative that we For these reasons, it is critical for us to Some implications of this view are These findings have important consequences for Upon reflection, it is important to consider In summary, it is clear to see that Therefore, it is critical that we is significant for all of us because As I stated earlier, we must/need to Although may seem trivial, it is in fact crucial to The issue of/discussion of is in fact related to Thus, it is important to remember The evidence clearly suggests Further research in this area (could/may/will) Language Supports for Agreeing & Disagreeing Expressing agreement I agree with the statement that because I agree with my classmate that because I share a similar belief to. I share the same view as. is correct when s/he states There is no doubt that I absolutely (completely) agree that I am of the same opinion as Expressing disagreement I disagree with the statement because I disagree with. I believe that because I disagree that I have doubts whether I am of a different opinion than (because) I object to because is completely untrue. I cannot concede that

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