Kantian Deontology - Part Two
|
|
- Amberly Nancy Palmer
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Kantian Deontology - Part Two Immanuel Kant s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals Nathan Kellen University of Connecticut October 1st, 2015
2 Table of Contents Hypothetical Categorical The Universal Law Formulation The Humanity Formulation
3 With those notes out of the way, we can discuss the meat of this chapter.
4 With those notes out of the way, we can discuss the meat of this chapter. Kant s system revolves around what he calls. But what is an imperative?
5 With those notes out of the way, we can discuss the meat of this chapter. Kant s system revolves around what he calls. But what is an imperative? An imperative is a statement in the imperative mood, e.g. requests, commands, prohibitions and permissions.
6 With those notes out of the way, we can discuss the meat of this chapter. Kant s system revolves around what he calls. But what is an imperative? An imperative is a statement in the imperative mood, e.g. requests, commands, prohibitions and permissions. Kant s imperatives are expressed by must statements. They tell us that we must do something, and thus are inherently normative.
7 for Kant are valid for all rational beings, not just humans.
8 for Kant are valid for all rational beings, not just humans. Some imperatives are relatively important, while others are not. But all hold objectively, in the sense that they are derived from reason and absolutely certain.
9 for Kant are valid for all rational beings, not just humans. Some imperatives are relatively important, while others are not. But all hold objectively, in the sense that they are derived from reason and absolutely certain. do not however, force action. An imperfect will can ignore imperatives as a matter of physical possibility.
10 Hypothetical Hypothetical Kant s imperatives come in two forms, the first of which he calls hypothetical imperatives.
11 Hypothetical Hypothetical Kant s imperatives come in two forms, the first of which he calls hypothetical imperatives. Hypothetical imperatives tell you what you must do in order to accomplish something.
12 Hypothetical Hypothetical Kant s imperatives come in two forms, the first of which he calls hypothetical imperatives. Hypothetical imperatives tell you what you must do in order to accomplish something. Think of this as means-ends reasoning. You have some ends, i.e. goals you want to accomplish. You must choose some means, some way to get there.
13 Hypothetical Hyopthetical Hypothetical imperatives tell you that some action is good for some purpose or another.
14 Hypothetical Hyopthetical Hypothetical imperatives tell you that some action is good for some purpose or another. Hypothetical actions don t tell us what s good full stop - it s always good relative to some purpose.
15 Hypothetical Hyopthetical Hypothetical imperatives tell you that some action is good for some purpose or another. Hypothetical actions don t tell us what s good full stop - it s always good relative to some purpose. These ends can be morally good or bad - they re just whatever you want to accomplish.
16 Hypothetical Two Kinds of Hypothetical There are two kinds of hypothetical imperatives. The first are rules of skill, which tell you what you must do for some specific end that you have in mind that might vary across persons.
17 Hypothetical Two Kinds of Hypothetical There are two kinds of hypothetical imperatives. The first are rules of skill, which tell you what you must do for some specific end that you have in mind that might vary across persons. In opposition to this you have hypothetical imperatives which are counsels of prudence, because they re about perfect happiness, which everyone shares as an end.
18 Hypothetical Two Kinds of Hypothetical There are two kinds of hypothetical imperatives. The first are rules of skill, which tell you what you must do for some specific end that you have in mind that might vary across persons. In opposition to this you have hypothetical imperatives which are counsels of prudence, because they re about perfect happiness, which everyone shares as an end. Perfect happiness isn t just momentary happiness - it s something more general. Sometimes we call it something like well-being nowadays.
19 Hypothetical How to Fulfil Hypothetical So a hypothetical imperative tells you to do something in order to accomplish some end you have. But how do we fulfil these?
20 Hypothetical How to Fulfil Hypothetical So a hypothetical imperative tells you to do something in order to accomplish some end you have. But how do we fulfil these? The first and most obvious way is to actually do what the imperative says, e.g. practice piano in order to be a good pianist.
21 Hypothetical How to Fulfil Hypothetical So a hypothetical imperative tells you to do something in order to accomplish some end you have. But how do we fulfil these? The first and most obvious way is to actually do what the imperative says, e.g. practice piano in order to be a good pianist. Alternatively one can give up on the end, which eliminates your need to do the means.
22 Categorical Categorical Categorical imperatives stand in contrast to hypothetical imperatives. They tell us what we must do, full stop.
23 Categorical Categorical Categorical imperatives stand in contrast to hypothetical imperatives. They tell us what we must do, full stop. That is, categorical imperatives don t tell us what we should in order to be happy, or to be moral, etc. They are pure commands of reason, e.g. Do not murder!.
24 Categorical Categorical Categorical imperatives stand in contrast to hypothetical imperatives. They tell us what we must do, full stop. That is, categorical imperatives don t tell us what we should in order to be happy, or to be moral, etc. They are pure commands of reason, e.g. Do not murder!.
25 Categorical Instrumental Goodness and Intrinsic Goodness Hypothetical imperatives describe what is good as a means to something else. Call this instrumental good.
26 Categorical Instrumental Goodness and Intrinsic Goodness Hypothetical imperatives describe what is good as a means to something else. Call this instrumental good. Categorical imperatives on the other hand tell us what actions are good in and of themselves. Call this intrinsic goodness.
27 Categorical Instrumental Goodness and Intrinsic Goodness Hypothetical imperatives describe what is good as a means to something else. Call this instrumental good. Categorical imperatives on the other hand tell us what actions are good in and of themselves. Call this intrinsic goodness. The intuitive idea is that intrinsic goodness takes precedence over instrumental goodness.
28 Categorical How to Fulfil Categorical Unlike hypothetical imperatives, there is only one way to fulfil categorical imperatives, namely by actually fulfilling them.
29 Categorical How to Fulfil Categorical Unlike hypothetical imperatives, there is only one way to fulfil categorical imperatives, namely by actually fulfilling them. Because there is no end in categorical imperatives there is no end to give up on and avoid action.
30 Categorical How to Fulfil Categorical Unlike hypothetical imperatives, there is only one way to fulfil categorical imperatives, namely by actually fulfilling them. Because there is no end in categorical imperatives there is no end to give up on and avoid action. Put simply, categorical imperatives tell us what we must do as a pure matter of reason, not relative to some purpose.
31 The Universal Law Formulation So on to the Categorical Imperative! Or at least part of it. Recall that it has two parts we re concerned with (two formulations).
32 The Universal Law Formulation So on to the Categorical Imperative! Or at least part of it. Recall that it has two parts we re concerned with (two formulations).
33 The Universal Law Formulation The Universal Law Formulation The first formulation of the CI is called the Universal Law Formulation (ULF). Our translation today states:
34 The Universal Law Formulation The Universal Law Formulation The first formulation of the CI is called the Universal Law Formulation (ULF). Our translation today states: I should never act except in such a way that I can also will that my maxim should become a universal law.
35 The Universal Law Formulation The Universal Law Formulation The first formulation of the CI is called the Universal Law Formulation (ULF). Our translation today states: I should never act except in such a way that I can also will that my maxim should become a universal law. As this is complicated, we will spend the rest of the day discussing it.
36 The Universal Law Formulation Maxims The first important bit is what Kant calls maxims.
37 The Universal Law Formulation Maxims The first important bit is what Kant calls maxims. A maxim is a principle of action. Specifically, it is a principle of the form:
38 The Universal Law Formulation Maxims The first important bit is what Kant calls maxims. A maxim is a principle of action. Specifically, it is a principle of the form: I will do ϕ in circumstances C in order to bring about ψ.
39 The Universal Law Formulation Maxims The first important bit is what Kant calls maxims. A maxim is a principle of action. Specifically, it is a principle of the form: I will do ϕ in circumstances C in order to bring about ψ. Where ϕ is some action, C is a description of some circumstances, and ψ is some consequences or state of affairs.
40 The Universal Law Formulation Willing Maxims To figure out whether an action is morally permissible, that is, whether we can do it, we need to run it through the ULF.
41 The Universal Law Formulation Willing Maxims To figure out whether an action is morally permissible, that is, whether we can do it, we need to run it through the ULF. The first part of doing that is to formulate the maxim.
42 The Universal Law Formulation Willing Maxims To figure out whether an action is morally permissible, that is, whether we can do it, we need to run it through the ULF. The first part of doing that is to formulate the maxim. Then we must imagine, or will, what would happen if everyone adopted that maxim.
43 The Universal Law Formulation Inconceivable Universal Maxims The idea is that some maxims will produce inconceivable results when universalised.
44 The Universal Law Formulation Inconceivable Universal Maxims The idea is that some maxims will produce inconceivable results when universalised. That is, if we were to imagine a world in which everyone follows that maxim, it would be contradictory.
45 The Universal Law Formulation Inconceivable Universal Maxims The idea is that some maxims will produce inconceivable results when universalised. That is, if we were to imagine a world in which everyone follows that maxim, it would be contradictory. If this is the case, then the action under consideration is immoral, and you have a duty not to do it.
46 The Humanity Formulation Humanity as an End Recall that the Categorical Imperative (the supreme principle of morality) has two formulations you will learn.
47 The Humanity Formulation Humanity as an End Recall that the Categorical Imperative (the supreme principle of morality) has two formulations you will learn. The second formulation of the CI is known as the humanity as an end formulation, sometimes just shortened to the humanity formulation.
48 The Humanity Formulation Humanity as an End Recall that the Categorical Imperative (the supreme principle of morality) has two formulations you will learn. The second formulation of the CI is known as the humanity as an end formulation, sometimes just shortened to the humanity formulation.
49 The Humanity Formulation Humanity as an End It tells us that:
50 The Humanity Formulation Humanity as an End It tells us that: Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in any other person, always at the same time as an end, never merely as a means.
51 The Humanity Formulation Humanity as an End It tells us that: Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in any other person, always at the same time as an end, never merely as a means. But what does this mean?
52 The Humanity Formulation Humanity s Value The idea here is that humanity, roughly our rational nature as persons, is valuable intrinsically and ought never to be violated.
53 The Humanity Formulation Humanity s Value The idea here is that humanity, roughly our rational nature as persons, is valuable intrinsically and ought never to be violated. In terms of the means-end discussion above - humanity is an end in itself.
54 The Humanity Formulation Humanity s Value The idea here is that humanity, roughly our rational nature as persons, is valuable intrinsically and ought never to be violated. In terms of the means-end discussion above - humanity is an end in itself. That is, humanity (in a person) is a self-standing end that is not adopted because of something else, or created by something else, or given value by something else. It is valuable simply by itself.
55 The Humanity Formulation Persons and Things It s here that we get the Kantian distinction between persons and things.
56 The Humanity Formulation Persons and Things It s here that we get the Kantian distinction between persons and things. Persons, like us, are those things which are ends in themselves and give rise to considerations by themselves. As we ll see later, this is due to their rational autonomy (decision-making, sort of).
57 The Humanity Formulation Persons and Things It s here that we get the Kantian distinction between persons and things. Persons, like us, are those things which are ends in themselves and give rise to considerations by themselves. As we ll see later, this is due to their rational autonomy (decision-making, sort of). Things, on the other hand, are valuable insofar as they are valued by persons, and thus are instrumentally valuable.
58 The Humanity Formulation Treating Others as Means Kant s claim is that treating people as means betrays their status as ends in themselves.
59 The Humanity Formulation Treating Others as Means Kant s claim is that treating people as means betrays their status as ends in themselves. If something is an end in itself it is worthy of consideration, and must never be treated simply as a means.
60 The Humanity Formulation Treating Others as Means Kant s claim is that treating people as means betrays their status as ends in themselves. If something is an end in itself it is worthy of consideration, and must never be treated simply as a means. That doesn t mean that it can never be treated as a means, but that it must never be a mere means; we must never use people as pawns so to say.
Mill s Utilitarian Theory
Normative Ethics Mill s Utilitarian Theory John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism The Greatest Happiness Principle holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they
More informationLecture 12 Deontology. Onora O Neill A Simplified Account of Kant s Ethics
Lecture 12 Deontology Onora O Neill A Simplified Account of Kant s Ethics 1 Agenda 1. Immanuel Kant 2. Deontology 3. Hypothetical vs. Categorical Imperatives 4. Formula of the End in Itself 5. Maxims and
More informationHumanities 4: Lectures Kant s Ethics
Humanities 4: Lectures 17-19 Kant s Ethics 1 Method & Questions Purpose and Method: Transition from Common Sense to Philosophical Understanding of Morality Analysis of everyday moral concepts Main Questions:
More informationCMSI Handout 3 Courtesy of Marcello Antosh
CMSI Handout 3 Courtesy of Marcello Antosh 1 Terminology Maxims (again) General form: Agent will do action A in order to achieve purpose P (optional: because of reason R). Examples: Britney Spears will
More informationKANTIAN ETHICS (Dan Gaskill)
KANTIAN ETHICS (Dan Gaskill) German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) was an opponent of utilitarianism. Basic Summary: Kant, unlike Mill, believed that certain types of actions (including murder,
More informationSummary of Kant s Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
Summary of Kant s Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals Version 1.1 Richard Baron 2 October 2016 1 Contents 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Availability and licence............ 3 2 Definitions of key terms 4 3
More informationA Review on What Is This Thing Called Ethics? by Christopher Bennett * ** 1
310 Book Review Book Review ISSN (Print) 1225-4924, ISSN (Online) 2508-3104 Catholic Theology and Thought, Vol. 79, July 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.21731/ctat.2017.79.310 A Review on What Is This Thing
More informationChapter 2 Reasoning about Ethics
Chapter 2 Reasoning about Ethics TRUE/FALSE 1. The statement "nearly all Americans believe that individual liberty should be respected" is a normative claim. F This is a statement about people's beliefs;
More informationBenjamin Visscher Hole IV Phil 100, Intro to Philosophy
Benjamin Visscher Hole IV Phil 100, Intro to Philosophy Kantian Ethics I. Context II. The Good Will III. The Categorical Imperative: Formulation of Universal Law IV. The Categorical Imperative: Formulation
More informationModern Deontological Theory: Rawlsian Deontology
Modern Deontological Theory: Rawlsian Deontology John Rawls A Theory of Justice Nathan Kellen University of Connecticut February 26th, 2015 Table of Contents Preliminary Notes Preliminaries Two Principles
More informationLecture 6 Kantianism. Based on slides 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
Lecture 6 Kantianism Participation Quiz Pick an answer between A E at random. What answer (A E) do you think will have been selected most frequently in the previous poll? Recap: Unworkable Ethical Theories
More informationCategorical Imperative by. Kant
Categorical Imperative by Dr. Desh Raj Sirswal Assistant Professor (Philosophy), P.G.Govt. College for Girls, Sector-11, Chandigarh http://drsirswal.webs.com Kant Immanuel Kant Immanuel Kant (1724 1804)
More informationKant s Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals
Kant s Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals G. J. Mattey Spring, 2017/ Philosophy 1 The Division of Philosophical Labor Kant generally endorses the ancient Greek division of philosophy into
More informationKant's Moral Philosophy
Kant's Moral Philosophy I. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (178.5)- Immanuel Kant A. Aims I. '7o seek out and establish the supreme principle of morality." a. To provide a rational basis for morality.
More informationIn-Class Kant Review Dialogue 1
1 Kant Review Dialogue 1 Micah Tillman 05 April, 2010, slightly revised 18 March, 2011 Tedrick: Hey Kant! In-Class Kant Review Dialogue 1 Why, hello there Fredward. Tedrick: It s Tedrick. Fredward is my
More informationDeontology. Immanuel Kant ( ) Founder of Deontology
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) Founder of Deontology The right act is that which is in accordance with the correct moral rule (GK. deon) or principle (Kant calls these maxims ) Rejects hedonism Rejects consequentialism
More informationThe Pleasure Imperative
The Pleasure Imperative Utilitarianism, particularly the version espoused by John Stuart Mill, is probably the best known consequentialist normative ethical theory. Furthermore, it is probably the most
More informationLecture 6 Workable Ethical Theories I. Based on slides 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
Lecture 6 Workable Ethical Theories I Participation Quiz Pick an answer between A E at random. What answer (A E) do you think will have been selected most frequently in the previous poll? Recap: Unworkable
More information24.02 Moral Problems and the Good Life
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 24.02 Moral Problems and the Good Life Fall 2008 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. Three Moral Theories
More information[Forthcoming in The International Encyclopedia of Ethics, ed. Hugh LaFollette. (Oxford: Blackwell), 2012] Imperatives, Categorical and Hypothetical
[Forthcoming in The International Encyclopedia of Ethics, ed. Hugh LaFollette. (Oxford: Blackwell), 2012] Imperatives, Categorical and Hypothetical Samuel J. Kerstein Ethicists distinguish between categorical
More informationDeontology: Duty-Based Ethics IMMANUEL KANT
Deontology: Duty-Based Ethics IMMANUEL KANT KANT S OBJECTIONS TO UTILITARIANISM: 1. Utilitarianism takes no account of integrity - the accidental act or one done with evil intent if promoting good ends
More informationHello again. Today we re gonna continue our discussions of Kant s ethics.
PHI 110 Lecture 29 1 Hello again. Today we re gonna continue our discussions of Kant s ethics. Last time we talked about the good will and Kant defined the good will as the free rational will which acts
More informationEthical Theories. A (Very) Brief Introduction
Ethical Theories A (Very) Brief Introduction Last time, a definition Ethics: The discipline that deals with right and wrong, good and bad, especially with respect to human conduct. Well, for one thing,
More informationKantianism: Objections and Replies Keith Burgess-Jackson 12 March 2017
Kantianism: Objections and Replies Keith Burgess-Jackson 12 March 2017 Kantianism (K): 1 For all acts x, x is right iff (i) the maxim of x is universalizable (i.e., the agent can will that the maxim of
More informationDuty and Categorical Rules. Immanuel Kant Introduction to Ethics, PHIL 118 Professor Douglas Olena
Duty and Categorical Rules Immanuel Kant Introduction to Ethics, PHIL 118 Professor Douglas Olena Preview This selection from Kant includes: The description of the Good Will The concept of Duty An introduction
More informationDeontology. Marianne Talbot University of Oxford Department for Continuing Education
Deontology Marianne Talbot University of Oxford Department for Continuing Education 1 Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) schriftman.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/immanu... 2 Kant believed that morality is a system
More informationPHI 1700: Global Ethics
PHI 1700: Global Ethics Session 13 March 22 nd, 2016 O Neill, A Simplified Account of Kant s Ethics So far in this unit, we ve seen many different ways of judging right/wrong actions: Aristotle s virtue
More informationKantian Deontology. A2 Ethics Revision Notes Page 1 of 7. Paul Nicholls 13P Religious Studies
A2 Ethics Revision Notes Page 1 of 7 Kantian Deontology Deontological (based on duty) ethical theory established by Emmanuel Kant in The Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. Part of the enlightenment
More information7/31/2017. Kant and Our Ineradicable Desire to be God
Radical Evil Kant and Our Ineradicable Desire to be God 1 Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) Kant indeed marks the end of the Enlightenment: he brought its most fundamental assumptions concerning the powers of
More informationSuppose... Kant. The Good Will. Kant Three Propositions
Suppose.... Kant You are a good swimmer and one day at the beach you notice someone who is drowning offshore. Consider the following three scenarios. Which one would Kant says exhibits a good will? Even
More informationDEONTOLOGICAL ETHICS
DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICS In ethical theories, if we mainly focus on the action itself, then we use deontological ethics (also known as deontology or duty ethics). In duty ethics, an action is morally right
More information(naturalistic fallacy)
1 2 19 general questions about the nature of morality and about the meaning of moral concepts determining what the ethical principles of guiding the actions (truth and opinion) the metaphysical question
More informationIMMANUEL KANT Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals [Edited and reduced by J. Bulger, Ph.D.]
IMMANUEL KANT Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals [Edited and reduced by J. Bulger, Ph.D.] PREFACE 1. Kant defines rational knowledge as being composed of two parts, the Material and Formal. 2. Formal
More informationEthics Prof. Vineet Sahu Department of Humanities and Social Sciences Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur
Ethics Prof. Vineet Sahu Department of Humanities and Social Sciences Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur Module No. #01 Lecture No. #08 Deontological Theories Immanuel Kant Now, continuing to talk about,
More informationAn Epistemological Assessment of Moral Worth in Kant s Moral Theory. Immanuel Kant s moral theory outlined in The Grounding for the Metaphysics of
An Epistemological Assessment of Moral Worth in Kant s Moral Theory Immanuel Kant s moral theory outlined in The Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals (hereafter Grounding) presents us with the metaphysical
More informationDownload: Two clips from Star Trek. The needs of the many and The needs of the one found in Course Content Kant folder.
TOPIC: Philosophy 1000 Lecture Introduction to Kant s deontology of Categorical Imperatives. KEY TERMS/ GOALS: Conformity with duty vs. motive from duty. Deontology. Kant s focus on agent s motives rather
More informationA Categorical Imperative. An Introduction to Deontological Ethics
A Categorical Imperative An Introduction to Deontological Ethics Better Consequences, Better Action? More specifically, the better the consequences the better the action from a moral point of view? Compare:
More informationDeontology: Duty-Based Ethics IMMANUEL KANT
Deontology: Duty-Based Ethics IMMANUEL KANT A NOTE ON READING KANT Lord Macaulay once recorded in his diary a memorable attempt his first and apparently his last to read Kant s Critique: I received today
More informationThe fact that some action, A, is part of a valuable and eligible pattern of action, P, is a reason to perform A. 1
The Common Structure of Kantianism and Act Consequentialism Christopher Woodard RoME 2009 1. My thesis is that Kantian ethics and Act Consequentialism share a common structure, since both can be well understood
More informationA primer of major ethical theories
Chapter 1 A primer of major ethical theories Our topic in this course is privacy. Hence we want to understand (i) what privacy is and also (ii) why we value it and how this value is reflected in our norms
More informationIs Morality Rational?
PHILOSOPHY 431 Is Morality Rational? Topic #3 Betsy Spring 2010 Kant claims that violations of the categorical imperative are irrational acts. This paper discusses that claim. Page 2 of 6 In Groundwork
More informationLecture 6 Workable Ethical Theories I. Based on slides 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
Lecture 6 Workable Ethical Theories I Participation Quiz Pick an answer between A E at random. (thanks to Rodrigo for suggesting this quiz) Ethical Egoism Achievement of your happiness is the only moral
More informationDuty Based Ethics. Ethics unit 3
Duty Based Ethics Ethics unit 3 Divine command as a source of duty Stems from the monotheistic (Judeo/Christian/ Islamic) tradition An act is good if it is commanded by God, bad if it is forbidden by God.
More informationPhilosophical Ethics. The nature of ethical analysis. Discussion based on Johnson, Computer Ethics, Chapter 2.
Philosophical Ethics The nature of ethical analysis Discussion based on Johnson, Computer Ethics, Chapter 2. How to resolve ethical issues? censorship abortion affirmative action How do we defend our moral
More informationChapter 2 Normative Theories of Ethics
Chapter 2 Normative Theories of Ethics MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Consequentialism a. is best represented by Ross's theory of ethics. b. states that sometimes the consequences of our actions can be morally relevant.
More informationChapter 2: Reasoning about ethics
Chapter 2: Reasoning about ethics 2012 Cengage Learning All Rights reserved Learning Outcomes LO 1 Explain how important moral reasoning is and how to apply it. LO 2 Explain the difference between facts
More informationUnifying the Categorical Imperative* Marcus Arvan University of Tampa
Unifying the Categorical Imperative* Marcus Arvan University of Tampa [T]he concept of freedom constitutes the keystone of the whole structure of a system of pure reason [and] this idea reveals itself
More informationKANT, MORAL DUTY AND THE DEMANDS OF PURE PRACTICAL REASON. The law is reason unaffected by desire.
KANT, MORAL DUTY AND THE DEMANDS OF PURE PRACTICAL REASON The law is reason unaffected by desire. Aristotle, Politics Book III (1287a32) THE BIG IDEAS TO MASTER Kantian formalism Kantian constructivism
More informationKant. Deontological Ethics
Kant 1 Deontological Ethics An action's moral value is determined by the nature of the action itself and the agent's motive DE contrasts with Utilitarianism which says that the goal or consequences of
More informationDeontological Ethics. Kant. Rules for Kant. Right Action
Deontological Ethics Kant An action's moral value is determined by the nature of the action itself and the agent's motive DE contrasts with Utilitarianism which says that the goal or consequences of an
More informationComputer Ethics. Normative Ethics Ethical Theories. Viola Schiaffonati October 4 th 2018
Normative Ethics Ethical Theories Viola Schiaffonati October 4 th 2018 Overview (van de Poel and Royakkers 2011) 2 Ethical theories Relativism and absolutism Consequentialist approaches: utilitarianism
More informationKant The Grounding of the Metaphysics of Morals (excerpts) 1 PHIL101 Prof. Oakes. Section IV: What is it worth? Reading IV.2.
Kant The Grounding of the Metaphysics of Morals (excerpts) 1 PHIL101 Prof. Oakes Section IV: What is it worth? Reading IV.2 Kant s analysis of the good differs in scope from Aristotle s in two ways. In
More informationFUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF THE METAPHYSIC OF MORALS. by Immanuel Kant
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF THE METAPHYSIC OF MORALS SECOND SECTION by Immanuel Kant TRANSITION FROM POPULAR MORAL PHILOSOPHY TO THE METAPHYSIC OF MORALS... This principle, that humanity and generally every
More information38 Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals. [Ak 4:422] [Ak4:421]
38 Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals [Ak 4:422] [Ak4:421] what one calls duty is an empty concept, we can at least indicate what we are thinking in the concept of duty and what this concept means.
More informationShort Answers: Answer the following questions in one paragraph (each is worth 5 points).
HU2700 Spring 2008 Midterm Exam Answer Key There are two sections: a short answer section worth 25 points and an essay section worth 75 points. No materials (books, notes, outlines, fellow classmates,
More informationDeontological Ethics
Deontological Ethics From Jane Eyre, the end of Chapter XXVII: (Mr. Rochester is the first speaker) And what a distortion in your judgment, what a perversity in your ideas, is proved by your conduct! Is
More informationIntroduction to Philosophy Philosophy 110W Spring 2011 Russell Marcus
Introduction to Philosophy Philosophy 110W Spring 2011 Russell Marcus Class 26 - April 27 Kantian Ethics Marcus, Introduction to Philosophy, Slide 1 Mill s Defense of Utilitarianism P People desire happiness.
More informationChapter 3 PHILOSOPHICAL ETHICS AND BUSINESS CHAPTER OBJECTIVES. After exploring this chapter, you will be able to:
Chapter 3 PHILOSOPHICAL ETHICS AND BUSINESS MGT604 CHAPTER OBJECTIVES After exploring this chapter, you will be able to: 1. Explain the ethical framework of utilitarianism. 2. Describe how utilitarian
More informationNotes on Moore and Parker, Chapter 12: Moral, Legal and Aesthetic Reasoning
Notes on Moore and Parker, Chapter 12: Moral, Legal and Aesthetic Reasoning The final chapter of Moore and Parker s text is devoted to how we might apply critical reasoning in certain philosophical contexts.
More informationGroundwork for the Metaphysic of Morals
Groundwork for the Metaphysic of Morals Immanuel Kant Copyright 2010 2015 All rights reserved. Jonathan Bennett [Brackets] enclose editorial explanations. Small dots enclose material that has been added,
More informationKant, Deontology, & Respect for Persons
Kant, Deontology, & Respect for Persons Some Possibly Helpful Terminology Normative moral theories can be categorized according to whether the theory is primarily focused on judgments of value or judgments
More informationDefinitions: Values and Moral Values
Definitions: Values and Moral Values 1. Values those things that we care about; those things that matter to us; those goals or ideals to which we aspire and by which we measure ourselves and others in
More informationIn introducing Kant s ethics in Practical Philosophy, Allen Wood writes,
Aporia Vol. 14 number 1 2004 Reason to Revolt: On Kantian Ethics and Revolution KENNETH R. PIKE In introducing Kant s ethics in Practical Philosophy, Allen Wood writes, While confessing to a wishful participation
More informationSidgwick on Practical Reason
Sidgwick on Practical Reason ONORA O NEILL 1. How many methods? IN THE METHODS OF ETHICS Henry Sidgwick distinguishes three methods of ethics but (he claims) only two conceptions of practical reason. This
More informationIntroduction to Philosophy Philosophy 110W Fall 2013 Russell Marcus
Introduction to Philosophy Philosophy 110W Fall 2013 Russell Marcus Class 28 -Kantian Ethics Marcus, Introduction to Philosophy, Slide 1 The Good Will P It is impossible to conceive anything at all in
More informationKant s Hypothetical Imperative
Kant s Hypothetical Imperative by Kelin A. Emmett A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Philosophy University of Toronto Copyright
More informationThe Rightness Error: An Evaluation of Normative Ethics in the Absence of Moral Realism
An Evaluation of Normative Ethics in the Absence of Moral Realism Mathais Sarrazin J.L. Mackie s Error Theory postulates that all normative claims are false. It does this based upon his denial of moral
More information-- did you get a message welcoming you to the cours reflector? If not, please correct what s needed.
1 -- did you get a message welcoming you to the coursemail reflector? If not, please correct what s needed. 2 -- don t use secondary material from the web, as its quality is variable; cf. Wikipedia. Check
More informationPhilosophy 110W: Introduction to Philosophy Spring 2011 Class 26 - April 29 Kantian Ethics. Hamilton College Russell Marcus
Philosophy 110W: Introduction to Philosophy Spring 2011 Class 26 - April 29 Kantian Ethics Hamilton College Russell Marcus I. Good Will, Duty, and Inclination The core claim of utilitarianism is that the
More informationPractical Rationality and Ethics. Basic Terms and Positions
Practical Rationality and Ethics Basic Terms and Positions Practical reasons and moral ought Reasons are given in answer to the sorts of questions ethics seeks to answer: What should I do? How should I
More informationIn this paper I offer an account of Christine Korsgaard s metaethical
Aporia vol. 26 no. 1 2016 Contingency in Korsgaard s Metaethics: Obligating the Moral and Radical Skeptic Calvin Baker Introduction In this paper I offer an account of Christine Korsgaard s metaethical
More informationIn Kant s Conception of Humanity, Joshua Glasgow defends a traditional reading of
Glasgow s Conception of Kantian Humanity Richard Dean ABSTRACT: In Kant s Conception of Humanity, Joshua Glasgow defends a traditional reading of the humanity formulation of the Categorical Imperative.
More informationAutonomous Machines Are Ethical
Autonomous Machines Are Ethical John Hooker Carnegie Mellon University INFORMS 2017 1 Thesis Concepts of deontological ethics are ready-made for the age of AI. Philosophical concept of autonomy applies
More informationThe Kant vs. Hume debate in Contemporary Ethics : A Different Perspective. Amy Wang Junior Paper Advisor : Hans Lottenbach due Wednesday,1/5/00
The Kant vs. Hume debate in Contemporary Ethics : A Different Perspective Amy Wang Junior Paper Advisor : Hans Lottenbach due Wednesday,1/5/00 0 The Kant vs. Hume debate in Contemporary Ethics : A Different
More informationKant s Pragmatism. Tobias Henschen. This paper offers a definition of the term pragmatic, as it is used in Kant s Critique of Pure
Kant s Pragmatism Tobias Henschen Abstract This paper offers a definition of the term pragmatic, as it is used in Kant s Critique of Pure Reason. The definition offered does not make any reference to the
More informationOn the Incompatibility of Reasons Internalism and the Practical Rationality of Moral Action
1 On the Incompatibility of Reasons Internalism and the Practical Rationality of Moral Action Lane DesAutels Abstract: In what follows, I explore the relationship between two widely held theses in moral
More informationFrom the Categorical Imperative to the Moral Law
From the Categorical Imperative to the Moral Law Marianne Vahl Master Thesis in Philosophy Supervisor Olav Gjelsvik Department of Philosophy, Classics, History of Arts and Ideas UNIVERSITY OF OSLO May
More informationThe Formula of Humanity as an End in Itself
The Formula of Humanity as an End in Itself The humanity formulation of the Categorical Imperative demands that every person must Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or
More informationSUMMARIES AND TEST QUESTIONS UNIT 6
SUMMARIES AND TEST QUESTIONS UNIT 6 Textbook: Louis P. Pojman, Editor. Philosophy: The quest for truth. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006. ISBN-10: 0199697310; ISBN-13: 9780199697311 (6th Edition)
More informationDeontology, Rationality, and Agent-Centered Restrictions
Florida Philosophical Review Volume X, Issue 1, Summer 2010 75 Deontology, Rationality, and Agent-Centered Restrictions Brandon Hogan, University of Pittsburgh I. Introduction Deontological ethical theories
More informationacting on principle onora o neill has written extensively on ethics and political philosophy
acting on principle Two things, wrote Kant, fill the mind with ever new and increasing admiration and awe: the starry heavens above and the moral law within. Many would argue that since Kant s day the
More informationHappiness and Personal Growth: Dial.
TitleKant's Concept of Happiness: Within Author(s) Hirose, Yuzo Happiness and Personal Growth: Dial Citation Philosophy, Psychology, and Compara 43-49 Issue Date 2010-03-31 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/143022
More informationTwo Kinds of Ends in Themselves in Kant s Moral Theory
Western University Scholarship@Western 2015 Undergraduate Awards The Undergraduate Awards 2015 Two Kinds of Ends in Themselves in Kant s Moral Theory David Hakim Western University, davidhakim266@gmail.com
More informationTuesday, September 2, Idealism
Idealism Enlightenment Puzzle How do these fit into a scientific picture of the world? Norms Necessity Universality Mind Idealism The dominant 19th-century response: often today called anti-realism Everything
More informationPHIL%13:%Ethics;%Fall%2012% David%O.%Brink;%UCSD% Syllabus% Part%I:%Challenges%to%Moral%Theory 1.%Relativism%and%Tolerance.
Draftof8)27)12 PHIL%13:%Ethics;%Fall%2012% David%O.%Brink;%UCSD% Syllabus% Hereisalistoftopicsandreadings.Withinatopic,dothereadingsintheorderinwhich theyarelisted.readingsaredrawnfromthethreemaintexts
More informationSome Ethical Theories
Some Ethical Theories Some Distinctions Ethical principles can be categorized according to whether they take judgments of value or judgments of obligation to be primary 1 I. Species of Moral Judgment I.
More informationMaking Decisions on Behalf of Others: Who or What Do I Select as a Guide? A Dilemma: - My boss. - The shareholders. - Other stakeholders
Making Decisions on Behalf of Others: Who or What Do I Select as a Guide? - My boss - The shareholders - Other stakeholders - Basic principles about conduct and its impacts - What is good for me - What
More informationFoundations of Bioethics
introductory lectures in bioethics Foundations of Bioethics Paul Menzel Pacific Lutheran University (philosophy, emeritus) Visiting Professor of Bioethics, CUHK 17 October 2015 Centre for Bioethics, CUHK
More informationFundamental Principles Of The Metaphysic Of Morals By Immanuel Kant
Fundamental Principles Of The Metaphysic Of Morals By Immanuel Kant [PDF]FOUNDATIONAL PRINCIPLES OF THE METAPHYSIC OF MORALS - Transition from Popular Moral Philosophy to the Metaphysic of Morals. 21..
More informationEvaluating actions The principle of utility Strengths Criticisms Act vs. rule
UTILITARIAN ETHICS Evaluating actions The principle of utility Strengths Criticisms Act vs. rule A dilemma You are a lawyer. You have a client who is an old lady who owns a big house. She tells you that
More informationMoral Argumentation from a Rhetorical Point of View
Chapter 98 Moral Argumentation from a Rhetorical Point of View Lars Leeten Universität Hildesheim Practical thinking is a tricky business. Its aim will never be fulfilled unless influence on practical
More informationON THE INCOMPATIBILITY BETWEEN ARISTOTLE S AND KANT S IMPERATIVES TO TREAT A MAN NOT AS A MEANS BUT AS AN END-IN- HIMSELF
1 ON THE INCOMPATIBILITY BETWEEN ARISTOTLE S AND KANT S IMPERATIVES TO TREAT A MAN NOT AS A MEANS BUT AS AN END-IN- HIMSELF Extract pp. 88-94 from the dissertation by Irene Caesar Why we should not be
More informationMaximalism vs. Omnism about Reasons*
Maximalism vs. Omnism about Reasons* Douglas W. Portmore Abstract: The performance of one option can entail the performance of another. For instance, I have the option of baking a pumpkin pie as well as
More informationAgency and Responsibility. According to Christine Korsgaard, Kantian hypothetical and categorical imperative
Agency and Responsibility According to Christine Korsgaard, Kantian hypothetical and categorical imperative principles are constitutive principles of agency. By acting in a way that is guided by these
More informationBackward Looking Theories, Kant and Deontology
Backward Looking Theories, Kant and Deontology Study Guide Forward v. Backward Looking Theories Kant Goodwill Duty Categorical Imperative For Next Time: Rawls, Selections from A Theory of Justice Study
More informationGolden Rule Thomas Carson
1 Golden Rule Thomas Carson Roughly, the golden rule says that we must treat others as we would be willing to have them treat us or, alternatively, that we must not treat others in ways in which we are
More informationNormative Ethical Theories
Normative Ethical Theories I. Normative Ethics A Normative Ethical Theory is a philosophical theory about the fundamental principles of morality. A fundamental principle of morality is a moral obligation
More informationJudith Jarvis Thomson s Normativity
Judith Jarvis Thomson s Normativity Gilbert Harman June 28, 2010 Normativity is a careful, rigorous account of the meanings of basic normative terms like good, virtue, correct, ought, should, and must.
More informationNOTE ON KANT'S GROUNDWORK, PP PHILOSOPHY 13 FALL, 2004 Dick Arneson
1 NOTE ON KANT'S GROUNDWORK, PP. 1-40 PHILOSOPHY 13 FALL, 2004 Dick Arneson SECTION I. Kant argues in this section to the conclusion that we believe that we are bound by the categorical imperative. That
More informationhypothetical imperatives: scope and jurisdiction
Mark Schroeder University of Southern California February 1, 2012 hypothetical imperatives: scope and jurisdiction 1 hypothetical imperatives vs. the Hypothetical Imperative The last few decades have given
More information