HEOSOPHIST THE ANNIE BESANT H. P. BLAYATSKY & H. S. OLCOTT. THE NEW YORK. A Magazine. London : Theosophical Publishing Society, 161, New Bond St.

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1 H. 91.' April, 19 THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY ASTO^, LEMOX AND THE HEOSOPHIST of Brotherhood, A Mgzine of Comprtive Religion, Philosophy nd Science, nd of Occultm. Founded October 1879, by H. P. BLAYATSKY & H. S. OLCOTT. Edited by ANNIE BESANT President of the Theosophicl Society. Adyr, Mdrs, S. THE THEOSOPHIST OFFICE. Benres City : Theosophicl Publhing Society. London : Theosophicl Publhing Society, 161, New Bond St., \ YOL- XXIX. HO. 7.

2 CONTEI From the Editor The Dciple...' [ \ \ Mbel Collins.' Hs the Winter-Time of the Theosophicl Society Come? Frnces Kershxer Food W nd the Mn.. Edwrd E. Long Indi's Hope... Seeker. Letters from Suft Techer Notes on the Science of the Emotions The Dte of the Bhgvd-GitA.. Ott.,t Chemtry BijnAt'h Singh (Trns') P. T. Srixivs Iyenyi RAm PrsAd Annie Besnt. p,. ' nnie besnt... I he. bupei pnys.ol World nd its Gnos Dr. Rudolf Steiner Svi,W :m'!r ] PT. Srixivs Iyengr (TV, ''--fon. ; D^vdpsAnA Dipm»e K..t ; Mgzines, i-dcmicl Reco.... leosophy in Mny Lnds. 41 Peer Gynt in Edinburgh Scientific Notes From the Adyr Bulletin.. Supplement Arychritrm or Stories of Ancient In XXXI - J 1All The Theosoph,l Society, s such, not responsible for ny opinion declrtion in th or ny other Journl, by whomsoever expressed, ut ' contined in n officil document. The Theosopht will pper ech month, nd will contin not less twelve thn forms. It now 96 pges, in or its 28th yer of publiction. All should be literry ddressed to the communictions Editor, Adyr, Mdrs, S., nd should be side of the written on pper only. one Rejected MSS. re not returned. Press MSS. goby post t newspper rtes if both ends of the wrpper re left open. No nonymous documents will be ccepted for insertion. vrd their MSS. Contributors in the should erly prt of the month. Writers of : lone responsible contributed for opinions rticles therein stted. Permsion given to trnslte or copy rticles into other periodicls, upon the lie condition of crediting them to the Theosopht. Only mtter for publiction in the Theosopht should be ddressed to the Editor, siness letters should invribly go to the Business Mnger. di meric RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION. Single Copy. Annul Subscription. 12 s Rs cts. $ 3. other countries l. The Volume begins with the October number. All Subscriptions re dvnce. Bck numbers pyble in nd volumes my be obtined t the sme price. Money Orders or Cheques for ll publictions should be mde pyble only to Business Mnger, the Theosopht Office, nd ll business communictions iddrcssed to should be him. t Adyr, Mdrs, S. // prticulrly requested tht no remittnces be mde to individuls shll by nme, s the members of the stff re often on duty. bsent from Adyr Subscribers to the Theosopht should immeditely notify ny chnge of ddress to the business Mnger, so tht the Mgzine my rech them sfely. The Theosoj'ihst Office cnuot undertke to furnh copies grt to replce those tht go stry through crelessness on the prt of subscribers who neglect to notify their chnge of ddress. Gret cre tken in miling, nd copies lost in trnsit will not be replced

3 THE THEOSOPHIST. FROM THE EDITOR. The dys roll by swiftly in vried work, nd Adyr full of ctivities, ll hrnessed to the service of the Theosophicl Society. Workers re coming in, nd little houses hve to be plnned nd built, so s to ccommodte the growing stff, while preserving ring of spce, to ensure quiet, round the centrl building itself. A generous Hindu co-worker, Mr V. C. Seshchri, hs given squre plot of lnd on h big estte, on the opposite side of the rod bounding T. S. lnds, for the erection of press building, nd smll bnd of Theosophts hve devoted themselves the to the orgning of th work. Mr. Wdi, the lte Editor of Theosophy nd New Thought, tkes my shoulders the detiled supervion of the Adyr Bulletin, which seems likely to find quite wide circle of subscribers mong our members. Th month hs seen through the press the lst Conven tion lectures, An Introduction to Yog, nd second nd much enlrged^ edition of The Science of the Emotions, by Bhgv&n Ds. The Sundy lectures t Adyr re coming out in chep form, s Adyr Populr Lectures ; they del with questions chiefly ffect ing Indin mtters of the time, nd will be of no prticulr interest the public outside of Indi. * * # Our Dutch brethren in Jv re showing much Theosophicl ctivity, nd re holding Convention off in April, which the Recording Secretry will ttend, so s to drw them more closely into touch with the generl movement. Jv lies outside the direct route to Austr li, nd lso outside tht to Chin, so tht it rrely enjoys the vits of wndering Theosophts ; but it hs its own ernest workers, lmost to

4 578 THE THEOSOPHIST. [APRIL ll of Dutch extrction, so tht Mr. Fricke's vit should prove peculirly helpful to them. * # It stfctory to note tht the eduction of girls being ern estly tken in hnd by mny of our Lodges, nd lst month I hd the plesure of viting flourhing girls' school t Mdur, wherein nerly 300 girls re being tught, nd re being brought up in the tmosphere of their own religion. Another interesting vit ws to Dindigul, where Mr. Kegey known to mny of our Americn nd London members died lst yer. The outcome of h deth ws the revivl of the Theosophicl Lodge in the town, nd the members hve since bought piece of lnd on which to build hll, with public librry ttched, bering h nme. We hd lrge meeting there, nd I lid the foundtion stone. South Indin Theosophts re very fond of owning their own hlls, nd one hll fter nother springing up. These serve s centres for much ctivity, nd re used s reding rooms, where ny one interested cn come for the reding of theosophicl books nd mgzines. Often there re lend ing librries lso in them, nd much useful nd quiet propgnd crried on in th wy. # * * All Europen Theosophts will her with regret tht the muchloved Generl Secretry of the French Section, Dr. Pscl, hs been compelled to resign h office, in consequence of long-continued illhelth. Dr. Pscl wore himself out in the erly dys of the French movement, nd long before the foundtion of seprte French Sec tion, in strenuous nd uncesing lbors ; he thought nothing of com fort, ese, relxtion, but worked on nd on, in erly morning nd fr into the night, in self-scrificing toil. Profession, fmily, every thing, he gve with both hnds to the scred cuse. worn, he ws struck down some yers go, nd he hs Suddenly, out never recov ered, though he hs struggled on with undunted courge. At lst, feeling tht recovery hd become hopeless, nd tht h continued occuption of the post of Generl Secretry would hrm rther thn help the cuse he loves, with noble self-bnegtion he hs resigned office, nd hs scrificed the lst remnnt of h personl longing to serve the movement, in order tht it my be the better served by stronger nd younger men. To the Section the loss gret, but h

5 1908.] FROM THE EDITOR. 579 exmple hs won nd inspired others, who will tred in h steps. As President of the Society, I cnnot but deplore the loss s col legue, of one who never wvered in h loylty nd devotion, one on whom 1 knew tht I could rely in ny emergency or stress of diffi culty. My Those he served so fithfully shield nd comfort him, nd give him the only rewrd he cres for, continunce in Their ser vice here, on the other side, nd here gin. Join with me, ll ye Theosophts who red these lines, in whing pece nd light to noble worker, th vetern toiler in the field of the Wdom. * * * th The chnge in feeling towrds the Theosophicl Society mong the officil clss in Indi very surpring. It begn fter some lectures delivered by myself in Siml bout four yers go, nd hs been continuing ever since. The Society hs come to be regrded s pece-mker nd s mking for good order, while t the sme time it ble to stedily widen nd improve socil conventions nd shpe eduction on religious nd morl lines. It seen to be liberling nd yet orderly force, which, on the one hnd, softens the rigidity of orthodoxy, nd on the other, restrins the excesses of overhsty reformers. It contins in its rnks the crem of the Englheducted Indins, the progressive but religious men who re the sl vtion of the country. But these re secondry mtters. The true reson for the chnged feeling nd the influence wielded the pres ence of the Msters behind the Society, the use of it by those mighty lovers of Indi to sfegurd the country during the cr through which it pssing, cr brought bout by Their infusion of life into Their Motherlnd who does not remember H. P. B.'s phrse, The Motherlnd of my Mster? nd to guide it to n end beneficil to ll. For though most of the White Lodge hve tken Their bodies from Indi, Their love for th lnd due chiefly to the fct tht the lifting of Indi mens the lifting of the world. Through her must come the spirituling of humnity, nd, therefore, her condition ll-importnt, now tht the sixth sub-rce beginning to germinte. It necessry to show the world tht ntion essentilly spiritul cn lso be intellectully gret nd physiclly prosperous The dys of her pssion re nerly over ; the dy of her resurrection pproching its dwn.

6 580 THE THEOSOPHIRT. [APRIL And Irelnd, the Indi of Europe, wht of her? She the western lnd which the other pole of the spiritul mgnet, nd if the Theosophicl Society would rouse to its duty there, the circuit would be completed nd the work would go forwrd. Unhppily but little hs been done, nd wht Theosophts re to be found there re little in touch with the pulsing life which mking itself felt throughout the world. We need there not only cler brins but lso wrm herts, with intuition to recogne the cll of the Msters nd rediness to follow Their indictions for the world-work. Ire lnd needed ; of ll western countries she the best fitted to give body to the gret Techer Who for to come. Her type of body more esily to be moulded into the type of the sixth sub-rce thn the Teutonic less flexible, less mlleble, less plstic. The triumphnt zenith of the Teuton will be reched by Englnd, the U. S. A. nd Germny ; but the Irh stone, rejected of the builders, will become the hed of the western corner in the temple to bebuilded by the coming sub-rce. Therefore hve so mny Irh left the beloved lnd of their birth nd trvelled cross the brod Atlntic ; in tht western lnd their tsk to shpe type tht will spred there s the sixth sub-rce. Tht sub-rce will begin in mny ntions, but Indi nd Irelnd will furnh the chief number in its erly dys. * * We re printing off 1,000 copies of the rticles on Occult Chem try, nd they will form quite respectble volume when com pleted, for the mteril in hnd very considerble, nd demnds very much more dditionl work thn I hd nticipted, in order to plce it before the public in stfctory form. The Shiv-sutrs re lso being printed off, the complete Smskrt text with the trns ltion. Only 500 copies re being done, nd those who wh to secure copy should regter their nmes. * * # During my bsence in Austrli I sil from Colombo on My 16th in P. nd O. ss. Moultn Dr. Englh will be in responsible chrge of the Theosopht.s usul, with Mr. Wdi s h sstnt. I return home to Indi in September, put off till next yer. the Americn trip hving been

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9 1908.] 583 THE DISCIPLE. Chpter VIII. [Continued from p. 497.] HEN Beryl hd stfied her child-friends, she rn to the X\ servnts' qurters, for she ws sure the women would be grieved not to give her their little presents. They ll egerly pressed round her nd sid how they believed th bd news could come to nothing, but tht she would be llowed to remin with these who loved her. She escped from them t lst, nd went to look for Prince Georges. Everywhere tht he ws likely to be she serched for him in vin. And then it cme to her s if she were told, tht he hd gone to the mysterious chmber into which she hd never penetrted since she ws little child, nd then she crept long the corridor nd timidly tried the bize door which once hd yielded to her hnd ; but it ws fst shut nd locked, nd she went quietly wy. Some dim memory took her to the spot in the grden where she hd fllen sleep on the dy fter she hd been to the Secret Chmber ; she st down mid the flowers which hd been her friends from then until now, nd communed with them nd with herself nd the unseen presences bout her. She hrdly knew who ws with her : she fell into n bstrction in which it seemed to her tht she ws one mong mny, white shpe mong mny white shpes, who intertwined nd enwrethed themselves. She felt herself to be smll prt of gret sphere which swept her into itself nd crried her long in its movements. It ws vion unlike ny she hd hd ; she lmost lost her sense of her own individulity, so gretly ws it blurred. All fer fell from her, ll dred, ll dmy. She ws n intrinsic prt of whole which ws, of its very nture, beyond ll erthly powers. She knew tht from henceforwrd she would never know fer gin. It hd come upon her th morning, fer of the unknown, fer of leving her loved ones nd her peceful home. But she would never feel tht gin. Her home ws in tht sphere or order of which she

10 THE THEOSOPHIST. [APRIL ws prt nd from which she could not be seprted, nd there fore the unknown held no terrors. And her loved ones s her mind turned to th thought, she sw Prince Georges pproching her. She ws fond of ll the people bout the chteu nd on the estte ; but th ws the loved one there ws only one. She sprng up nd went swiftly to him. He looked ple nd worn like one who hd kept long vigil. And yet it ws but few hours since she hd seen him. He took her hnd nd, together in silence, they cme to the plce where they hd st when she fell sleep in tht dy long go. How long go it seemed to him, s he st down with sigh. He knew now tht since then life hd indeed been lived pssion hd been born within him, hd developed nd come to its full growth nd been stricken down by strong hnd. It ly ded ; he looked bck upon it. He looked t her in wonder :how very fir she ws, how exquitely sweet!how she filled the hours nd dys nd ll the world!how he hd loved her unconsciously how he would hve loved her consciously, over whelmingly, pssiontely, mdly. The strong hnd hd struck the deth-blow not moment too soon. It seemed to him tht yester dy he ws young nd strong, nd tht to-dy he ws old nd feeble. They st in silence for quite : long time ;nd then t lst he I spoke suppose you will her from him soon. And s soon s you her we must strt. So, der, you must prepre yourself. But Iwnt you to let your own rooms ber the mrk of your presence on them ;do not tke tht wy. They will lwys be your rooms ; they will lwys stnd redy for you. I pry you my be llowed to return to them. But the powers which rule us re inexorble. She sid nothing, only cme closer to him nd lid her hnd on h. felt s if A sense of gret pece nd power ws upon her, nd she she could communicte it to him without words. Perhps she did, for h fce grew softer s they st there in silence, both pprently deeply buried in thought. But with both not thought. Presently it ws feeling, servnt cme long the grden-pth, crrying slver on which ly telegrm. Th your summons, der, sid the Prince.

11 1908.] THE DISCIPLE. 585 It my not be, sid Beryl ; it my be something quite different. But it, sid the Prince. And it ws so. The servnt hnded the telegrm to Beryl. For the first time in her life she received messge of th kind. Her fce ws very white, but her hnd did not tremble s she opened it. Prince Georges noted th. She hs the strength of the White Brotherhood behind her, he sid to himself ; tht strength which will support her nd which tkes her from me. Fool tht I m! The contents were only few words, the nme of hotel in Budpesth, nd the signture, Victor DelviL She held it in her hnd nd looked t it long time. Every now nd then n wful fer seemed to come quite close to her s she looked t tht nme, but it never took possession of her. Alwys the mystic white shpes becme reveled to her, just s she begn to dred the terrible nd the unknown, nd the fer pssed wy. At lst she lid the messge down nd turned to Prince Georges, looking into h eyes : Tell me, der Prince, she sid ; th inevitble? Yes, he nswered; it inevitble. There ws little puse, strnge silence ; both were bstrcted nd bsorbed. Suddenly he rose : Come into the house, he sid, nd begin your preprtion. 1 hve not yet red the letters 1 received th morning, nd no doubt some of them must be nswered. I will order the crrige to be redy for us erly to morrow morning. She rose, too, nd stood beside him. From tht peceful scene she hd to sue forth into the world. He looked round t the trees nd flowers, which were to him the setting for her, the frme for tht living picture. And then he spoke, in voice of so much emotion tht she bowed her hed instinctively s she stood beside him : In spite of ll grief - nd loss- nd filure I thnk God from the depths of my being for the blessed yers in which I hve been permitted to hve you with me here. The words sid, he moved quickly wy, giving her no time to sy nything. She hd to hsten to keep up with him. In few moments he hd summoned servnts who were within cll, nd ws giving ll kinds of orders. %

12 586 THE THEOSOPHIST. [APRIL You re going to be long wy, der Prince? she sked ; for he ws giving some orders bout the grdens which could not be crried out immeditely. I my be, he nswered. It will be hrd to come bck here without you, nd I my not feel s if it were possible t once. He left h explntion there, nd did not tell her tht he intend ed to follow her nd to wtch over her s fr s ws prcticble. From tht moment ll ws bustle nd preprtion, nd no more pssed between them. Chpter IX. Two men stood tlking t the door of lrge hotel in Bud pest!). They hd just hd long interview nd were prting, but still found much to sy nd lingered. One ws Professor Victor Delvil, who ws just going out : he hd in h hnd roll of mnu script. He ws on h wy to deliver n ddress t gthering of scientific nd semi-scientific persons, clled together purposely to her him. Since h theory hd been given to the world he hd become more notorious thn ever, though for long h nme hd been known wherever there ws scientific centre. The theory hd been put into ordinry lnguge by newspper writers nd given to the public wherever newsppers ext. And the public hd red with vidity of the hopes held out by th dring scientt, nd }he proposls he mde. He wnted willing subjects for h experiments, men nd women who would plce themselves completely in h hnds, nd llow him to give them such length of life s seemed physicl immortlity. Mny tlked of becoming h ptients ; some went so fr s to write to him, nd very few were courgeous enough to sk for n interview. But so fr no one yet hd chosen to enter upon the tretment. The mn to whom he ws now tlking ws one of these who hd sked for n interview. like He ws very dtinguhed-looking mn, evidently of high fmily nd good position. Such n extension of life would be insupportble, he ws sying, unless the memory ws entirely destroyed. It not sfe to rely upon its dying out with ge ; old people often hve extrordinry flshes of recollection, nd I consider those would be more unber ble thn continuous recollection.

13 1908.] THE blsciple, 587 My der M. Estnol, sid Professor Delvil, I ssure you I cn mke the destruction of the memory certinty. It will be so complete tht nothing cn bring it to life ; it s though the pst hd never tken plce. No reminders, not even the presence of fmilir persons from the pst, will recll it. Then you hve tested th theory you hve ctully tried the experiment? I do not wh the public to know more thn it does know, sid Professor DelvD. Whtever you tell me sfe with me, sid M. Estnol, but of course I cnnot expect you to rele tht without knowing more of me. At tht moment crrige drove up to the door of the hotel. Two persons got out. Professor Delvil looked t them nd uttered slight exclmtion. There my dughter, he sid. Excuse me ; I hve to receive her. I hve not seen her for long time. H herer could not guess from the esy wy in which th ws sid tht he hd never seen her before. Hilry Estnol bowed nd drew bck ; he could not go out t the door without being in the wy, s it seemed to him, so he drew bck into the Jrge hll nd endevoured to effce himself mong the mny persons moving bout in it. Beryl entered moment or two lter ; she looked strngely white, s though the rose colour hd gone from her fce for ever. Professor Delvil ws on one side of her nd the Prince on the other. They crossed the hll nd dppered. M. Estnol went slowly out of the hotel. He hd received n inexplicble impression from these two persons, nd he could not ccount to himself for it. There ws something bout them both which struck upon h ltent psychic senses nd prtilly woke them. He endevoured to keep them dormnt, even to extinguh them, s he desired to extinguh h memory ; but it ws not possible to do so. In tht pst, into which he dreded to look, he hd encountered the mysteries of mgic,* nd hd become wre of h own psychic being, nd these circumstnces could not be destroyed, no mtter how he turned from them nd strove to forget them. They remined in h memory, nd h psychic nture, though for the * S;z Thi B'.)Si)m :i I tk: Fruit, by the sme uthor.

14 588 THE THEOSOPH1ST. [APRIL time stilled nd silenced, ws cpble of being touched into ctivity. He ws wre tht something in the tmosphere of Professor Delvil's ple, beutiful dughter hd so touched it. The senstion bore no resemblnce to the emotion cused by the experience de scribed s love t first sight. He hd pssed through tht, once nd for ll. Never in th incrntion could he pss tht wy gin. Th ws not love of ny sort senses, of ; it ws the recognition by h psychic powerful psychic presence. Surely tht fril girl could not hold within her slender shpe so gret power?and yet he felt tht ws so. H blinded, dulled psychic consciousness hd been it mde wre of the power of the White Brotherhood from the mere presence of tht ple girl. Strnge tht she h dughter, he sid to himself. She looks ll spirit nd he seems to be ll mtter. Iwill go nd her him red h pper. He turned to go to the hll, where n udience ws lredy gthered to her the Englh Professor. Almost every set ws filled, chiefly by scientts nd doctors, but lew of the generl public hd sked for dmsion, nd mong these were some ldies. M. Estnol found plce fter some little difficulty. The Professor rrived little lte. He cme into the hll with Beryl, nd found set for her not fr from Hilry Estnol. Then he quickly went to the plce from which he ws to spek nd immeditely gret ppluse broke out, which ws not soon over, nd he hd to bow h cknowledgments mny times. Beryl looked bout her in wonder nd with much interest. Such scene ws entirely new to her, nd ll the circumstnces were entirely unexpected. She ws little bewildered. A very nturl sense of pride, tht the mn who received so much honour ws her fther, rose within her. And then suddenly cme the recollection of her mother's words, I hope you will never jmeet your fther. ws very strnge. She could not yet mke ny guess s to the mening of the mysteries mid which she moved. It Professor Delvil begn to spek, nd immeditely brethless ttention ws given to him. H voice ws plesnt, h mnner very quiet nd subdued. The gret mn gve n impression of modesty nd gentleness, the impression he desired to give. Beryl ltened with intense interest nd momently growing

15 1908.] THE DISCIPLE. 589 mzement. The bs of thought from which such theories s h could spring ws dimetriclly opposed to ll the teching she hd received throughout her life. For the first time she becme wre tht people could think in such mnner s th. She grew whiter, if possible, till the pllor of her fce mde her vivid blue eyes shine forth in strtling contrst. The light within them did not ple, but grew stronger. Her spirit ws rousing itself nd sitting in judg ment upon th creed of denil which formed the groundwork of ll tht ws sid. Stripped of smooth speech nd pprent prome, the bre outline of the teching ws ; Grsp wht you hve nd keep it s long s you cn, for you hve only th one chnce ; there nothing else. A fint smile hovered upon Beryl's fce s she ltened smile with (s it seemed to Hilry Estnol) glimmer of delicte pity in s one who knows nd who ltens to theoring of those who do not know. When the ddress ws over there ws gret burst of ppluse nd enthusm, pnly stopped by the ring of n it, eminent Professor of the city, who desired to offer in the nme of the locl scientific men vrious honours to the Englh Professor. Beryl looked round upon the enthustic fces in dmy the fint smile fded entirely from her fce, nd took on look of deep sdness. When ll ws done, Professor Delvil mde h finl bow of cknowledgment nd cme down into the hll, going directly to Beryl. He took her out of the hll, nd getting into crnge t the door told the cochmn to drive them stright bck to the hotel. H mind ws full of h theories, h experiments, nd the support which ws evident they would receive ;he scrcely thought of Beryl. it it She, too, ws thinking of the sme subjects tht but from n opposite point of view. tion to him All th would be unnecessry, would not frid to die :? Suddenly she ddressed it not, if occupied him, ques people were He turned nd looked t her in surpre. Then he nswered her bruptly : Oh, of course, he sid. The scrcely formed thought pssed through h mind of She fool! But he gve no ttention to her or to wht she hd sid, reverting to the mtters which bsorbed him. And she ws so dmyed t wht

16 590 THE THEOSOPH1ST. [APRIL ppered to her like universl folly tht she relpsed into silence s profound s h. They rrived t nd entered the hotel in th mnner, nd went into the sitting room reserved for them. Here were two or three scientific men witing to spek to the Professor : they were frid he might strt t once for Englnd, nd they whed to dcuss vrious importnt detils. Beryl, unnoticed, snk into chir. For n hour she ltened to wht ppered to her like the tlk of friends in hell, to whom nothing scred, nd for whom the suffering of others msre incident. One in prticulr ws egerly describing series of experiments he ws engged upon, in order to sk the Professor's dvice bout vrious points, when he suddenly stopped, hving cught sight of Beryl in her low chir. I beg your prdon, Professor Delvil, he sid ; I hd not noticed tht your dughter ws in the room. The Professor looked t her for n instnt. She going to live with me now, he sid ; the sooner she becomes used to modern ides nd scientific dcussions the better, And they went on tlking. Perhps she will tke up scientific reserch herself, sid one, with smile of flttery ; it rre opportunity to hve the dvntge of living with you. When they hd gone, Professor Delvil found tht the girl hd finted. She ly in her chir like one ded. Over-tired, I suppose, he sid to the chmbermid, who cme in nswer to h summons. It nnoying, for I proposed to strt for Englnd to-night. We cnnot get off now until to-morrow. Wht nunce 1 with so much witing to be ttended to nd observed t home 1 But he ws not ble even to strt the next dy, nor even for severl dys. Beryl pssed from one finting fit into nother : s soon s consciousness cme bck to her she covered her eyes with her hnds nd, with cry of horror, swooned gin. It seems s if she sw something ugly every time she opens her eyes, sid one of the women who ws wtching her. Something more thn ugly, sid nother. Don't you see how she puts up her hnd s if to wrd off blow? Is it possible she delirious? exclimed Professor Delvil, when they told him of th. If so, then it my men brin fever nd long dely.

17 1908.] t:te lciple. 591 He went quickly to the bed on which she ly, to exmine her. She looked like sttue mde of lbster, so ple nd motionless ws she, But she opened her eyes wide nd looked stright t him when he cme close. Her eyes were cler, stright, full of intelligence, without trce of confusion in them. I m not delirious, she sid. Let me tell you wht hp pened. Four gentlemen were in the room witing for you when we cme in. Directly fter you begn to tlk nother one cme in nd stood with the others, till just when tht wicked mn who ws telling you of the cruel things he doing sw me nd stopped nd then th one who cme in lst cme to me nd struck me ; the blow mde me unconscious. He hs not gone wy, nd he thretens me every time I open my eyes. He whes to kill me but I m not frid of him. He there now, stnding beside you h 1 nd Beryl put up her hnd with the gesture the servnts hd noticed, s if to wrd off blow. Professor Delvil took out h tblets nd wrote prescription. He gve it to servnt, Get th, he sid, nd ice, s quickly s you cn. A fint smile cme on Beryl's white lips. I m not deli rious, she sid gin. Lten, nd I will describe th mn to you. I think you will know him. He old, though he so full of strength ; h hir nerly white. He hs very blck eyes nd hooked nose. He dressed like those other gentlemen who cme to see you nd looks like doctor. He hs gold eye glsses nd ring on h hnd with gret red stone in it blood-stone. You must hve seen h picture, sid Professor Delvil ; h voice shook little s he spoke, nd he took out h hndkerchief to wipe strnge dmpness from h forehed. No, nswered Beryl ; I hve not seen h picture, nor ny one t ll like him. It seems strnge you don't see him, for he not like spirit, he just mn. He died when I ws boy, sid Victor Delvil, but I hve lerned ll I know from him nd h books. He ws gret mn, nd, of course, you hve seen h picture, though you my hve forgotten it. Here the ice. He gve directions for it to be plced on her forehed. The medicine then cme nd ws poured

18 592 THE THEOSOPHIST. [APRIL out. As the servnt who ws to give it her cme close to her, by some inexplicble ccident the glss fell from her hnd nd the medicine ws spilled. The womn drew bck hstily with look of gret lrm. Don't be frightened, sid Beryl gently. Professor Delvil, who hd seen the incident, ws puzzled. He looked ngrily t the womn, who left the room. There ws only one dose of the medicine. He did not send for nother, but, fter remining for some moments in silence, left the room himself. Beryl ws left (quiet, for the servnts were frid to do nything without h direc tions, nd were hlf frid to come ner her. She ws content to be so left, for then she felt the protecting white shpes close bout her nd her courge ws renewed. On the next dy she ws quite well enough to trvel, to Pro fessor Delvil's surpre. They strted on their long journey, nd Prince Georges trvelled for long wy in nother prt of the sme trin. He mnged to receive one ressuring smile from Beryl, which comforted him, but her pllor filled him with lrm nd nxiety. {To be continued.) Mbel Collins. The Ultimte Certinty. No mn cn ssent to the thought tht he not, for in the fct of thinking he perceives tht he S. Thoms Aquins. A certinty greter thn tht which ny resoning cn yield hs to be recogned t the outset of ll resoning Herbert Spencer. None ever doubts, m I or m I not? Vdclespli-Mhr. The best kind of pryer the pryer of silence ; nd there re three silences, tht of words, tht of desires, nd tht of thought. In the lst nd highest the mind blnk nd God lone speks to the soul. Miguel de Molinos.

19 593 HAS THE WINTER-TIME OF THE THEOSOPHICAL THAT SOCIETY COME? the Theosophicl Society, s n orgntion, in stte of trnsition, will not be denied by mny, especilly those who hve been ssocited with the movement during the pst twenty yers or more. Aside from the fct tht our gret techers nd leders re being removed by deth nd other mens, there growing element of gnosticm, inhrmony nd dposition to critice nd dwell upon the mtkes nd imperfections of those who hve given us so much light nd vst mount of informtion of infinite vlue, which we could not hve gotten ny other wy, We find in Vednt writer tht, The ctive workers, however good, still hve remnnt of ignornce. When our nture hs yet some impurities left, then lone cn we work. The highest men re clm, silent nd unknown. They re the men who relly know the power of thought ; they re sure tht if they go into cve-, close the door nd simply send out five thoughts nd pss wy, these five thoughts will live through eternity will enter into some brin nd re up some mn, who will give expression to these thoughts. In wht wy hs the Theosophicl Society dtinguhed itself from other orgntions, except tht it hs not run off fter the golden clf? Hs it not degenerted into sect? Hs not the letter nd not the spirit ruled? The intellectul development hs overshdowed ll else, leving no time to see nd grsp the oppor tunities found t every hnd to prcte brotherhood, nd do the necessry work, while witing for the millennium, when ll shll rech the summit of the mountin of light. If we my be llowed to coin word, hs not the orgntion become Theosofied? Our first gret techer, H. P. Blvteky, sid ; The ims of the Society re severl, but the most importnt re those which re likely to led to the relief of humn suffering under ny or every form, morl s well s physicl. A true Theosopht must put in prctice the loftiest idel ; must strive to rele h unity with the whole of humnity nd work ceselessly for others. Agin she sys : During the lst qurter of every century there n out pouring nd uphevl 3 of spiritulity, when n ttempt mde by the

20 . 594 THE THEOSOPHIST. [APRIL Msters to help on the spiritul progress Oi humnity in mrked nd definite wy. Also : If the present ttempt, in the form of our Society, succeeds better thn its predecessors hve done, then it will be in extence s n orgned, live nd helthy body when the time comes for the effort of the twentieth century. All our members hve been born nd bred in some creed or religion ; ll re more or less of their genertion, both physiclly nd mentlly ; nd consequently their judgment but too likely to be wrped nd unconsciously bsed by some or ll of these influences. If, then, they cnnot be freed from such b, or t lest tught to recogne it instntly, nd void being led wy by it, the result will be tht the Society will drift off on some snd-bnk of thought or nother, nd there Now, it remin, strnded crcss, to moulder. remins to be seen whether there re enough of her followers who hve sufficiently cught the spirit of the teching to crry on the Society on brod bs one of pplied Theosophy to fit the dvncement of the rce, to meet the needs nd methods the ge, nd tide it over the gp to the new Dpenstion. We hve received from the Theosophicl literture much of priceless vlue in the wy of working bs for chrcter-building nd ll-round self-improvement, fitting us to work for others without seeking to develop occult powers for our own selfh ends (s mny re doing). lso timely nd well for us to note the significnce of wht Abbs Effendi, the Mster of Bhm, hs to sy on th line : It your sufferings nd your fith in God which hve brought you to the true spiritul insight. Wht you cll yourself quence.'' Further. of It of no conse : All gret Reveltors of truth hve their four sesons. The cycle of every Prophet hs its period of spring, of summer, of utumn nd winter. One or two hundred yers fter the Centre, the Reveltor, hs left the erth, the believers, no longer receiving the light from the gret Sun, grdully lose their position nd their fith becomes weker, their power lessens, until the niml nture gin regins the upper hnd nd the night-time of their extence, until nother Sun ppers to give new life nd light to ll souls whose desire th it to work for their God. So it t th time the spring-time, nd therefore, we must expect to look for gret nd rpid growth of the souls, nd development in ; every

21 1908.] FOOD AND THE MAN. 595 wy such s would not hppen t nother time, becuse Ih the spring-time. Hving lredy invited criticm from those wedded to the Society, we will go further, tking refuge in the fct tht exceptions prove the rule, nd ffirm tht there re some of us who hve not been born nd bred in some creed or religion, nd who refuse to drift off on some snd-bnk of thought. We feel tht we must obey the irrestible force impelling us to come out of the closet of book-lore, tke wht light we hve found from under the clok of orgntion, nd use it to give light to the procession of struggling humnity, broder outlines. mking it live, ctive force, simplified nd on Frnces Kershner Wlden. ADDITIONAL FOOD AND THE MAN. {Concluded from p. 508). testimony in bundnce could be brought forwrd to strengthen the ssertion tht flesh-eting conducive to dese; on the other hnd wht hs food-reform to show by wy of result on the physicl plne? Aprt from the immunity from deses which fflict flesh-eters, note the splendid record of the Jpnese in their Mnchurin cmpign. To ll intents nd purposes the Jpnese soldiers my be termed food-reformers. They fought in ll extremes of climte, most severe cold, mny degrees below zero, in the biting winds which previled, in scorching het, during periods of drought, nd in dmp, muggy wether, wding in mud up to their wts t times. They mde long, forced mrches nd often, insted of resting therefter, they followed up the enemy, gve bttle nd defeted him. Not bd record for food-reform. Nerer home we hve food-reform thletes. Eustce Miles hs mnged to win chmpionships in tenn nd rcquets on fleshless diet ; Krl Mnn, in My 1902, won the Dresden to Berlin Interntionl Wlking Rce (125 miles) in mteur record time, nd the first six rrivls were ll vegetrins. George A. Olley hs broken over 200 records nd hs twice won the Crwrdine Cup nd the Dibble Shield in cycling. He did it ll on reformed diet, excluding flesh

22 596 THE THEOSOPHIST. [APRIL foods, nd,i score of other noteworthy performnces could be given. Then tke into considertion the fct tht the hrdiest soldiers in our rmy re to be found in the Highlnd regiments, men brought up minly on otmel nd vegetbles ; the proverbil wit nd bright ness of the pesntry on the West Cost of Irelnd, substing lrgely on pottoes ; nd the sturdy pesntry of mny other lnds, for the most prt supporting life on vegetble diet, nd it will be found difficult to rest the ide tht food-reform spells improved physicl helth. Tht it my not do so for ll evidenced by the food-reform filures, if it be not unchritble to term them so. Within the rnks of the Theosophicl Society we know of mny who hve tried food- reform, nd who hve been compelled to return to flesh foods on ccount of physicl brekdown, or thretened brek down ; but not th, perhps, lrgely mtter of the procedure dopted? Led to dopt fleshless diet on other thn hygienic grounds, it not possible tht the course followed hs not been we one? We hve been flesh-eters for genertions. Cn we revert instntneously to fleshless diet? Common sense indictes tht we cnnot, nd points out the proper course tht of reducing one's consumption of met, rejecting the corser kinds, proceeding from beef to mutton nd mutton to fowl, nd then to fh, nd finlly to diet from which ll flesh foods re excluded. Slowly, but surely, in th mnner good tril will be given to food-reform, nd if it were dopted, we might her ot few filures. None, the less essentil it lso tht the diet food-reform diet shll be cre fully chosen, so tht one gets the proper mount of flesh-form ing nd het-producing mteril. To live t rndom s foodreformer my well be ftl ; but wdom, exerced in the selection of our dily food, must chieve beneficent result in the end, nd in th mnner physicl peculirities, heredity's bequests, my be over come, nd ill-helth krm on the physicl plne worked out to some extent. On physicl grounds the cse for food-reform very strong one indeed, nd it certinly next to impossible for those who clim to be progressive to be hostile to the movement. Flesh-foods, with their vstly over-rted nutritive qulities, hve been so thorough ly exposed nd the tsue-building properties of fruit, nuts, vegetbles

23 1908.] FOOD AND THE MAN. 697 nd cerels hve been ccorded such prominence, tht no longer cn the food-reformer be subjected to the tunts nd sneers which were once h portion ; the wdom which dictted h course now dmitted, nd only those whose desires re firmly centred in the flesh-pots regrd him in the light of n enemy. Tking for grnted, then, tht food-reform produces good result on the physicl plne, how re the higher plnes ffected? On morl grounds there cn be little defence of the slughter of nimls to pnder to the ppetite of mn slughter crried out so often in such brbrous fshion, s only those know who hve witnessed it nor of the generl sufferings of the nimls bred for humn con sumption, the stuffing for ' shows, ' the horrors of the South Americn nd the Irh cttle bots, too lothsome for one to give in detil nd clculted to debse body, soul, nd spirit of those who perpetrte them. And the ghstly work of slughtering keeps in most degrded stte thousnds of men of ll ntions, nd directly contributes to the diffusion of the blood lust mongst the whole of mnkind. It cnnot be right for one to do ught which tends to keep down one's fellow mn h krm, it my be, to slughter nimls for living, ever in the reek nd stench of blood nd offl ; our dhrm the more secure. it to work for h relese, not to render h slvery And the ctul morl effect of flesh-foods on the strl body? By prtking thereof one imbibes into one's system corse kmic or strl toms, which serve s splendid fuel for the corsest desires of one's nture. Not only the mtter of the physicl body corse, s one my observe for one's self in the cse of ll who et met in ny lrge quntities, but the strl mtter similrly ffected, nd the vibr tions of the mtter of both bodies re, of course, slow, rendering one impervious, or in dnger of becoming so, to higher vibrtions. the gret Th dnger likely to ccrue from flesh-feeding, one voided by reforming the diet nd excluding flesh-foods ; it should ppel to ll Theosophts. It my be sid, by wy of rgument, tht the mind superior to the body, nd tht pure body does not, of necessity, men pure mind ; but grnted tht one endevoring to purify the mind, it not stultifying process to dhere to corse diet, thereby giving the niml nture bundnt sustennce, whilst depriving the higher vehicles of nutrition? It svors vstly of

24 598 THE THEOSOPHIST. putting money into one's pocket with one hnd nd tking it out with the other, nd expecting to grow rich by doing so. By wy of proof one might mention the cse of mn who, ten yers go, ws leding n ordinry life, living on ordinry fre, with unstfctory helth nd enfeebled will-power. He ws mn of some spir tions, which did not find dequte expression, nd t th time he ws emnting drk green nd grey rys from h person. A few yers fterwrds he hd mterilly chnged h mode of living, nd hd become more refined feeder nd more refined thinker, nd the rys which he now threw off were rosy red lined with grey, the grey dppering s h nxieties decresed.* Another morl spect of the question my be presented by referring to the wellknown stimulting properties of flesh-foods. One stimulnt leds to desire for nother, nd stronger one ; hence the crving for intoxi cnts with flesh-eters very strong, whilst mongst those who eschew flesh-foods it dppers. The only successful tretment of inebrites up to dte hs been tht of ' food-reform.' then, must not be lost sight of tht ' food-reform ' The fct, likely to prove most powerful fctor in the bolition of the ' drink ' curse. Of course, it does not follow tht ll who prtke of flesh-foods re bound to drink intoxicnts. Those who re highly developed will hve no difficulty in suppressing the inclintion ; indeed, with them the inclintion my never re, but wht of the undeveloped, those who hve little will-power. Krm? Yes ; but, gin, whose (Jhrm it to help them? True, s Theosophts we know tht evil pssions must hve their ply ; tht desire, md desire, stimultes to ction, nd so produces beneficil result ; but we lso know, s Theosophts, tht it our duty to help our lowly brethren by directing tht current of pssion long higher ' level. Drink' not the only curse of the present genertion ; there re mny, mny other curses, ls I but with the mjority, corser unrefined diet t the bottom of ech nd every one, for those who re content to feed like brutes re content to do mny other things which brutes lone would do, nd n improvement in physicl surroundings mens n improvement on higher plnes. Morlly speking, then, the cse for food-reform yet stronger. * J. Stenson Hookes, M.D : Effects of Refined Diet.

25 ' ' 1908.] FOOD AXD THE MAN. 599 In its reltion to the mentl plne, food-reform touches Theosophy even more closely. In order to enter the highest relms of thought, we know tht the purifiction of one's diet most essentil. All the Rsh tught it nd ever mongst the Gret Ones it ws insted on. If They ever broke the lw, it ws for purpose unknown to us, but the wdom of which we cnnot question, s, perhps, in the cse of Jesus the Chrt, nd They were strong, but we re wek! So it comes tht every chel who would penetrte the rcn nd prtke of the knowledge which life im mortl must reject ll elements tht re not sttvic ; must forego ll tht contributes to the flme of desire. The pth my be trod in ernest nd much progress mde before such restrictions re im posed (by one's self); but the time comes to ll like in the end. And therein, surely, we hve the nswer s to wht should be the ttitude of Theosophy on th gret question of food-reform ; for how shll we be otherwe thn chritbly- dposed towrds doctrine the truth of which we must, perforce, evidence t some future stge of our creer, by our doption of it, we do not pprecite the necessity movement, it would be well if in its highest spect, though now? Admitting the gret vlue of the we sought to id it s mens to n end, for to encourge ll tht tends to uplift humnity must be, ever, the duty of Theosophts. As pioneers it would ill become us to scoff t innovtion, even in the mtter of diet, however we my ffect to spurn the mteril side of things. We ext on physicl plne ;physicl mtter enters into our constitution nd forms much of our environment. Ignore shping it to it we cnnot, trnscend it we cn, nd by higher purpose. To do th ourselves, nd to id others to do so fter wht fshion we feel to be the best, Edwrd E. Long. our duty.

26 600 [APRIL INDIA'S HOPE. (Concluded from p. 503.) ITH such hory philosophy t her own door, coupled with VV tne intellectul culture of Europe, the college t Benres certinly destined to work new deprture in the creer of Indi ; nd though much yet remins to be done, wht hs lredy been chiev ed gives tokens of bright nd hopeful future. It the fshion of the dy to effect divorce between science nd religion which bodes no good to the humn rce ; it in th college tht n ttempt hs been mde to uplift mn in h higher creer by helpful fusion of the two. Humn slvtion, by their hppy combintion, reled here. If the college guided by tctful nd energetic hnds s it hs hitherto been, Indi's gin will be certin. By its efficiency I ndi will retrieve wht she hs lost of her ncient pres tige ; tht, she will once more commence to live religion in spirit nd not merely in letter s heretofore. Whether the tone of the Englh Theosopht, who sid, t the time of the inugurtion of the college, tht Mrs. Besnt would hve been more justified in strting regiment of Indin Brhmns thn the Centrl Hindu College, ws serious or light, cnnot be now decided without sying, fter n experience clled it into extence hd of ;but it goes few yers, tht she who first better previon of wht Indi relly wnted thn he who posed himself s her critic. To those who hve been nxiously wtching the progress of the Centrl Hindu College, s indsolubly mixed with the inner growth of Indi, s the bulwrk of her coming gretness, there hs come the stfction tht lredy in severl towns similr institutions re coming into extence to give her children wht they relly stnd in need of. They re not ment to westerne the Hindu, who should be Hindu with the mentl push nd dre of the West ;he must be n Estern t hert, though equipped s Western in h exterior. hed will be crmmed full of the studies of Knts nd Hegels, but h hert will be sturted with the sublime mysteries of Shri Krshn nd Ved Vys. Indi's debt to Mrs. Besnt the proper method of repying her gret, ;him shll the svnt nd the sint be hrmoniously blended In h nd to crry out her plns, when

27 1908.] Indi's hope. 601 she no more with us, on the lines so successfully lid down by her. To me it ppers tht within genertion, when Hindu society sufficiently levened by the refined nd reformed thoughts of eminent students of the college, the future builders of Indi, mny of the socil dcrepncies nd dbilities she t present lbors under will set themselves right. Indi will then grow from within, nd her exterior will correspond to her interior. Her very conserv tm, tht hs told so hevily upon her, will give wy to better stte of ffirs. The intellectul helth of people does not live in stgntion, but in mking themselves menble to ltered circum stnces nd improved surroundings. With singulr foresight, girls' school (conducted on lines lid down for the boys' college) which chiefly ims to produce in them the true motherhood, consecrted in the Rmyn nd the Mdhdbhdrt, nd to give type of children who cn ennoble Indi by their selfless deeds, now exts to strengthen the inner develop ment of Indin youths. Thus the college nd school will mutully benefit ech other ; good educted mothers will bring forth scri ficing sons, while helthy, well-trined boys, bred in the scred literture of their motherlnd nd the mtter-of-fct sciences of the West, will mke most desirble chnge in her present condition. An Indin mother essentilly n indigenous product of Indi, differing from ll other mothers of the globe. Here, in the white het of devotion nd fervent dmirtion of the blessings of Nture to mn, God in H physicl reltionship holds the sme plce to H children tht the mother does in her fmily circle. So intense the rdor of the Hindu to nnihilte the dtnce between himself nd h Mker, tht he ddresses Him in h pryers s h drling mother. At Punderpore, the God Vithob, in devotionl hymns, ddressed s Vithl Mvli. Shiv the mother of mnkind, in whose infinite bosom ll seek pece nd rest from the troubles nd meries of life. Th psychologicl spect of religion goes to prove how reltic God in Indi, not the sort of personge to be revered once week nd then to be put by on the shelf during the other dys, when fleeting concerns of life re to tke H plce. God in the world to come nd the mother here below re the two idels of Hindu worship. We i

28 THE THEOSOPHIST. [APRIL ll know too well the extreme obedience nd venertion of Shri Rm to h fther, when the whole empire ws deprived of him t the instigtion of H step-mother. Thus we know tht the Indin hs such n inordinte love for h mother ; but when tht mother shll be well-red in the Shstrs, nd her mind stored with the stories of the morl herom of Svitri, Sit or Dmynti, wht wonderful impetus it will give to the cretion of noble sons to conjure their lnd once more to its former gretness ; for good nd educted mothers men good nd educted sons, nd good nd educted sons re the pioneers of the prosperity nd growth of their country. Judging from the present needs of the people of th country, it most importnt to bring the girls' school, which still in its infncy, up to s gret n efficiency s tht of the college ; for Indi's gretness inextricbly interwoven with the well-being nd development of her dughters. Of high exmples, there quite museum in her gret epics, which will give gret impetus to the virtues of boys nd girls ; nd you must know tht Indi hs not to begin fresh, but she hs only to resume her glorious creer where she lst left it. Her pst lredy resplendent ; wht we wnt ing from within, to put the future in tune with mere it. question of time, nd All rel growth, the build it will surely tke some time before ny remrkble result cn be obtined, which cn show of Indi. decided chnge for the better in the internl development The wtchword of her reform of both sexes in western, to bring up her children knowledge, wedded to the spiritul devotion of the Est. To Theosophy nd the Theosophicl Society th movement owes its extence ;but genertion been imprcticble or might hve been deemed of go it would hve fd or the sentiment vionry. Results justify the present mode of trining the hed nd hert of Indi by one who hs herself profited by the hed-lerning of the West nd the heirt-culture of the Est. Th prcticl proof of how Theosophy builds mn the three Loks, where h norml consciousness vibrtes in three different modes. The students of th college will be physiclly strong, nd well-built, well-developed, mentlly. They will be well-in formed nd solid thinkers, free from superstition nd scepticm, the two unproductive negtive extremes of humn trophy itully they will be the light nd life to leven nd to ;while spir in kned mnkind

29 1908.] Indi's hop. 603 into its divine immortlity. There certin thing for cer tin time, nd there certin time for certin thing : the college will serve the crying need of the lnd it intended to profit ; nd let us fervently pry tht it my be the nursery of herom, morl, mentl, nd spiritul, for her sons. Religi ous sectrinm, irrtionl orthodoxy nd red-tpe forml m will hve their lst knells tolled in its four wlls, nd Sntn Dhrm will be s expnsive nd ll-embrcing, s it truly once ws in the glorious dys of the Rjrsh nd Brhmrsh of Indi. Her's shll be glorious future, if she consults her own interest in mking the most of th heven-sent institute, in which her conservtm nd lethrgy will meet nturl deth, restoring to her the plce of honor in the gret roll of civiled ntions, not civiled in the sense of owning lrge territories nd commnding hevy purse, but civiled to led others to the pth of righteousness, tht openeth the golden gtes of the Kingdom of Heven. The chievements of the Theosophicl Society ll over the globe re mny nd vrious ; in ech country it hs opened out specil field for the ctivity of its members, suited to their needs nd tstes : thus in some of the western cities, the light it hs shed upon the hidden nd the relly vluble side of Chrtinity of specil importnce ; the eductionl impulse it hs imprted to Buddhm significnt feture of Theosophy in Ceylon ; while nerer home in Indi, the Benres College remrkble fet to illustrte how the brillint hed-lerning of the West cn be welded into the spiritul insight of the Est. Wherever the colors of Theosophy re llowed to fly over the bttlements of the humn mind, the enemies of humn progress ignornce nd drkness hve to bet sure retret Though much hs been done by Theosophy, much more re mins to be done. Its msion s wide s the hevens over hed, nd there not single humn being who cnnot be sid to be better nd wer for hving entered its fold. In Hindum, which not clled fter the nme of Prophet or Sviour, like other religions of the world, there tresure-house, so to sy, of the most lucid thoughts nd experiences of long succession of Sges nd Initites. It hs one remrkble trit which dtinguhes it from the other fiths of the world, which dds much to its prcticlity ; nd it on ccount of th tht it holds peculir method of

30 604 The theosopht. [APRIL spiritul culture for every clibre of humn mind. Mny re its spects nd vrious its methods of developing the embryonic fcul ties of its votries. Combined with the experimentl sciences of Europe, it will work wonders for the Aryn rce ; its possibilities will be inexhustible, nd its powers will be elevting nd ll- cover ing. When, within ll colleges, western Science nd estern Reli gion will hold their respective swys over the youthful minds, better dys will dwn for Indi, nd mny of her socil dbilities will be things of the pst, much to her own dvntge nd to tht of others who come in contct with her. With ll these cheerful prospects before us, nd with our pst experience, it high time for well whers of Indi to strengthen the hnds of those who re upholding its in terests ; to trin up their boys nd girls on the lines lid down ; nd we will proceed step further, nd sy tht even t home, West nd Est must clsp hnds to mke science nd religion complimen try to ech other ; to unite the vibrtions of the hert to those of the hed nd those of the hed to the hert. Th the only hope Indi hs, from which will sprout forth her coming gretness. th hope grow more nd more ; even so shll her children reproduce the spiritul chievements of the ncient Rsh who hve left such n ineffble pst, the like of which nowhere in the world to be found. There should not be sweeping evolutionry chnges in country which so preeminently conservtive, notbly in her orthodoxy ; slow nd imperceptible chnges re more to be dvoct ed thn nything on the rdicl lines of the West, which she will nd never cn fce. Let never Exmine the college from ny point of view you like, from within nd without, nd it shows indictions tht it will meet ll the needs of the children of the soil. No one cn be well-wher of Indi, unless he whes God-speed to the Benres College. It holds in its hnds pnce for removing nd rectifying ll the shortcom ings she hs lbored under during the lst ten centuries. We shll conclude with the Scotch proverb : When night hext, dy next ; the blckest hours of night do prome the speedy dvent of dwn. So be it 1 Seeker.

31 \/\7 ^\ / COMPABMIVb RELIGION AUvWl««u UH[ffl!ffiWfflRlilll)l II))))) )Di)Jji

32

33 1908.] 607 LETTERS FROM A S0FI TEACHER. (Continued from p. 516.) VIII. Lights. WHEN the mirror of the Hert clensed of impurities, it becomes cpble of reflecting the supersensuous lights. They pper in the beginning s flshes but gin in power nd volume s the hert becomes purer mnifesting (grdully) s the lmp, the flme, the strs, the moon, nd the sun. The forms of flshes re from blutions nd pryers... ; those of the lmp, the flme nd the strs, from the prtil purity of the hert ; tht of the full moon, from its perfect purity ; tht of the sun, from the Soul reflecting its glory in the perfectly purified hert. A time comes when (the inner light) thousnd times more luminous thn the (externl) sun. If (the vions of) the sun nd moon re simultneous the ltter signifies the hert reflecting the light of the Soul, the former the Soul itself. The light of the Soul formless, but seen behind veil dtorting the ide into the form of the sun. Sometimes the Light of the Divine Attributes my cst its re flection in the mirror of the hert ccording to the purity of the ltter... Th Light dtinguhes itself by feeling of bls in the hert, which shows tht it comes from God nd not from others. It hrd to describe th bls. It sid, tht the Light of the Constructive ttributes illumintive, but not scorching ; tht of the Dintegrting ttributes scorching but not illumintive. Th beyond the comprehension of intellect. Sometimes when the purity of the hert complete, the seer sees the True One within him if he looks within^, the True One without him, if he looks to the universe. When the Divine Light reflected in the light of the soul, the vion gives bls. When the Divine Light shines without the medi of the soul nd the hert, the vion mnifests formlessness nd infinity, uniqueness nd hrmony, the bs of support nd ex tence. Here there neither ring nor setting, neither right nor left, neither up nor down, neither spce nor time, neither fr nor

34 608 THE THEOSOPHIST. [APRIL ner, neither night nor dy, neither heven nor erth. Here the pen breks, the tongue flters, intellect sinks into nothingness, in telligence nd knowledge ms the wy in the wilderness of mze ment {Letter 12). IX. The Unveiling of the Supersensuous. The essence of the unveiling lies in coming out of the veils. The seer perceives things not perceived by him before. The veils men hindrnces keeping one bck from the perfect vion of the Divine Beuty, nd const of the vrious worlds ccording to some, 18,000 in number, ccording to others 80,600 ll pres ent in the constitution of mn. Mn hs n eye, correlted to ech world, with which he observes tht world during the unveil ing. These worlds re included under two-fold divion : Light nd Drkness; Heven nd Erth; Invible nd Vible; or Spiritul nd Physicl, ech pir expressing the sme sense in different words... when sincere pilgrim, impelled by h spirtion, turns from the lower nture to follow the Lw, nd begins to tred the Pth under the protection of Techer, he unfolds n eye for ech of the veils uplifted by him, enbling him to observe the conditions of the world before him. First, he unfolds the eye of intellect nd comprehends the intellectul mysteries to the extent of the uplifting of the veil. Th clled the Intellectul unveiling nd should not be depended on. Most of the philosophers re t th stge nd tke it s the finl gol. Th stge trnscended,- the sincere pilgrim comes to unveil the hert nd perceives vrious lights. Th clled Ihe Perceptionl unveiling. Next, he unveils the secrets, clled the Inspirtionl unveiling ; nd the mysteries of cretion nd extence re reveled to him. Next, he unveils the Soul, clled the Spiritul unveiling, nd he cn now view Heven nd Hell, nd communicte with the Angels. When the soul completely clensed of erthly impurities, nd thoroughly pure, he unveils Infinity nd privileged to gze t the circle of eternity, to comprehend instntly the Pst nd the Future, getting rid of the limittions of Spce nd Time,... to see both fore nd ft... to red herts, know events, nd tred on wter, fire, nd ir. Such

35 1908.] LETTERS FROM A SUFI TEACHER. 609 mircles re not to be relied on... Next the Innermost unveiling, enbling the pilgrim to enter the plne of the Divine Attributes... The Innermost the bridge between the Divine Attributes nd the p'ne of the Soul, enbling the Soul to experience the Divine vion, nd reflect the Divine chrcter. Th clled the Unveiling of the Divine Attributes. During th stge, the dciple unfolds esoteric knowledge, reveltion from God, H vion, H bls, rel bsorption, rel extence, or unity ccording s he unveils the Divine Attributes of intelligence, udition, sight, con struction, dintegrtion, stbility, or oneness. Similrly one my think of other qulities. (The lst two extrcts tcitly refer to the following Sufi clssifi ction of the humn constitution : 1. The Body (Tn), the brin-consciousness, or intellect, correlted to the physicl plce (ivdsfit). 2. The Hert (Dil), the desires nd the lower mind, correlted to the strl nd the lower mentl plnes (Mlkut). 3. The Soul (Riih), the higher mind, the Ego, correlted to the higher mentl plne (Jbrul). 4. The Spirit (Sirr or the Mystery), correlted to the spiritul plnes (Ldhut). (Letter 13.) XI. Drems. First, pilgrim pssing through the erthly qulities, sees in h drems heights nd depths, streets nd wells, gloomy nd deserted sites, wters nd mountins. Secondly, pssing through the wtery qulities, he sees greens nd pstures, trees nd sown fields, rivers nd springs. Thirdly, pssing through the iry qulities, he sees himself wlking or flying in the ir, going up the heights. Fourthly, pssing through the fiery qulities, he sees lmps nd flmes. Fifthly, pssing through the elheric, he finds himself wlk ing or flying over the hevens, going from one heven to nother, sees the rolling of the sky, nd the ngels. Si.xihly, pssing through the strry region, he sees the strs, the sun nd the moon. Seventhly, pssing through the niml qulities, he sees the correspond ing nimls. If he finds himself previling over n niml, it in dictes h conquest over the corresponding qulity. If he finds 5

36 610 THE THEOSOPHIST. [APRIL himself overcome by n niml, it denotes the predominnce of the corresponding qulity, nd he should gurd himself ginst The pilgrim hs to pss through thousnds of worlds, nd in ech world he perceives vions, nd experiences difficulties peculir to it. O brother, the soul for the Gol : it should boldly cry out I should either cese to live or rech the gol. (Letter 16.) XV. Seeking the Pth. The spirtion of the seeker should be such tht, if offered world with its plesures, the next with its heven, nd the universe with its sufferings, he should leve the world nd its plesures for the profne, the next world nd its heven for the fithful, nd choose the sufferings for himself. it. th He turns from the lwful in order to void heven, in the sme wy s common people turn from the unlwful to void hell. He seeks the Mster nd H vion in the sme wy s worldly men seek ese nd welth. The ltter seek increse in ll their works ; he seeks the One lone in ll. If given nything, he gives it wy : if not given, he content. The mrks of the seeker re s follows : He hppy if he does not get the desired object, so tht he my be liberted from ll bonds ; he opposes the desire-nture so much, tht he would not grtify its crving, even if it cried therefor for seventy yers ; he so hrmoned with God tht ese nd unesiness, boon nd curse, dmsion nd rejection re the sme to him ; he too resigned to beg for nything either from God or from the world ; h sceticm keeps him s fully stfied with h little ll grment or blnket s others might be with the whole world... He vigilntly melts h desire -nture in the furnce of sceticm nd does not think of nything sve the True One. He sees Him on the right nd on the left, sitting nd stnd ing. Such seeker clled the Divine Seer. He ttches no im portnce to the sovereignty of erth or of heven. H body be comes emcited by devotionl spirtions, while h hert cheered with Divine Blessedness. Thoughts of wife nd children, of th world nd the next, do not occupy h hert. Though h body be on erth, h soul with God : though here, he hs

37 1908.] LETTERS FROM A SUFI TEACHER. 611 lredy been there, reched the gol, nd seen the Beloved with h inner eye. Th stge cn be reched only under the protection of Perfect Techer, the Pth sfely trodden under H supervion only... It indpensble for dciple to put off h desires nd protests, nd plce himself before the Techer s ded body before the wsher of the ded, so tht He my del with him s He likes. Virtue nd vice hve their uses nd evils : often virtue throws one the frther from God, nd vice leds one the nerer to Him... The virtue tht begins in pece nd ends in pride throws one the frther from God : the vice tht begins in fer nd ends in repentnce leds one the nerer to Him (Letter 23). Religion XVII. (Shrtt), the Pth (Trtql), nd Truth (Hqiqt). Religion wy lid down by prophet for h followers, with the help of God. All prophets eqully cll the ttention of men to monothem nd service. So there but one Religion, one ppel, nd one God. Their techings cnnot be contrdictory, s they re bsed on Divine inspirtion : the difference merely verbl nd forml, but there no difference in the essentils. They re the (spiritul) physicins of humnity, nd hve prescribed religions their respective followers, ccording to their needs. Religion con sts of series of injunctions nd prohibitions, nd dels with monothem, bodily purifiction, pryers, fsts, pilgrimge, the holy wr, chrity, nd so on. The Pth bsed on religion, nd consts in seeking the essence of the forms (delt with by religion), investigting them, purifying the hert, nd clensing the morl nture of impurities for such s hypocry, vrice, cruelty, polythem, nd so on. Religion dels with externl conduct nd bodily purifiction ; the Pth dels with the inner purifiction. Religion the soundness of externl purifiction : Truth the soundness of the inner condition. The one lible to ltertions, the work of mn nd cn be cquired ; the other immutble, the sme from the time of Adm to the end of the world, nd the Divine Grce. The one like mtter or the body : the other like spirit or the soul (Letters 25 nd 26).

38 612 THE THEOSOPHIST. [A higher stge simply mentioned in Fwed-i-Rukni s Mdifl (the Divine knowledge), without ny detiled explntion. Thus, Shrtt corresponds to the exoteric religion of ny given ntion ; Triql to the Lesser Mysteries of the ncient western mystic, or the Probtionry Pth of the estern mystic ; Hqiqt to the Greter Mysteries of the ncient western mystic, or the Pth Proper of the estern mystic ; Mdrft to the stge of the Perfect Mn or the Mster.] BijnAth Singh, Trnsltor. NOTES ON THE SCIENCE OF THE EMOTIONS. [The Science of the Emotions one of the most enthrlling of studies, nd ny cpble exposition of it welcome. Hhgvdn Ds' fine book on the subject hs been widely circulted, nd it will probbly be in the hnds of mny of our reders. These Notes re inspired by vlue. - Ed.] it, but hve their own independent f I^HE life of the mind consts of constnt flow of response or remembered. Such rections, modes of the mind, or chittvrtiyh, s they re clled in the Yog books, re nlysble into three phses phse of ; remembered. cognitive, n ppetitive, nd n ctive. The cognitive mentl rection The ppetitive phse the perception of n object, ctul or such object. The phse of ction, or contion, to the ttrction or version to the flow of the mind (or of nerve currents) towrds muscles, both voluntry nd involuntry, the muscles whose contrctions produce vso-motor effects, fcil expression nd lso motion. These three phses constitute the rection of the mind to ny prticulr environment. These three phses re by their union constitute mentl ction usully treted s three different units which ;or s three powers or fculties Jndn Shkti, Ichchhd Shkti, Idriyd Shkti tht mke up the mind. But perception, desire nd ction re but bstrctions from our mode of mind no perception but some desire environment, immeditely cognized ;for ech of these involves the others. There bound up with rc ssocited with the flow of mind (or nerve currents) it ;nd both to vrious muscles. We cn nlyse these three phses of ny mentl stte

39 1908.] NOTES ON THE SCIENCE OF THE EMOTIONS. 613 for purposes of psychologicl study, just s we resolve motion in ny one direction into two components long two directions t right ngles to ech other for convenience of mthemticl in vestigtion, but they re not seprte units s re the toms tht combine to form molecule. The only relity of experience on which ll psychology rests series of psychoses or mentl sttes, the uncesing flow of chittvrttyh in never-ending processsion in response to its environment, with reference to which the mind hs evolved. Prof. Jmes hs so fr broken from the ssocition-psychology s to recogne tht perception does not involve fusion of seprte senstions or ides. He reles tht the thing perceived the object of unique stte of thought (Text-book of Psychology, p. 313). But th does not go fr enough. Ech stte of the mind whole, nd not fusion of perception - element, desire-element nd motor- element. The mind unity nd not synthes, nd s it reveled to consciousness, it not colescence of different elements. It not s if n imge perceived imported force of desire nd moved the mind in definite direction, though we do bstrct these different phses of mentl ctivity nd erect them into generl concepts. The Niyyiks of Indi hold the mns to be nu, tomic, nd the gret truth implied in th tht the mind not compound, nd every mentl stte hence unit, nd not mde up of different entities clled perception, desire nd ction. Now ny psychos such s we hve described, ny rection of the mind to its environment, my or my not be ccompnied by consciousness. Hmilton nd Lycock, Crpenter, Binet, Fere nd Myers, hve recorded numerous observtions of bsolutely un conscious mentl rections of the most complicted type, involv ing even resoning both under norml nd pthologicl conditions. Th conclusively proves tht consciousness not necessry fctor of the life of the mind. As Indin philosophers of ll schools mintined, the nthkrn (mind) j4 (unconscious) nd the consciousness of the jiv superdded to it when the /mi, s it were, sees the opertion of the mind. Huxley described consciousness s n epiphenomenon. If th understood to men tht con sciousness extrneous to ll mentl ction, it in consonnce with Hindu psychology ; but the impliction in the phrse tht con

40 614 THE THEOSOPHIST. sciousness prticulr phenomenon or ppernce of mtter, product of mteril chnges, ginst ll sound metphysics. Consciousness belongs to the jiv, who not mtter in ny sense the term ; nd mentl ctivity independent of nd uninfluenced by consciousness, though consciousness my ccompny it. of Hence the use of the phrse stte of consciousness s synonymous with stte of mind nd the definition of psychology given by so mny western philosophers s the science of consciousness or the science of sttes of consciousness bsurd. The ide of consciousness hs to be completely eliminted from the definition of mind, though we do use consciousness to derive our knowledge of mentl events in tht portion of psychologicl conducted by mens of introspection. investigtion which Over nd bove the three phses of every stte of mind lredy described nd the consciousness tht sometimes lso chrctered by perfection s Spinoz clls mortncss it, or lessness, n expnsion, Vikds, ccompnies greter or lesser it, it or contrction, Smkoch, ccording s the mentl rection to ech circumstnce of life free nd unrestricted or otherwe. Th my be described s the tone of the mind t ech moment of its life. When th ccompnied by the consciousness of the jiv, it felt s plesure or pin. Plesure nd pin, therefore, re the interprettions by consciousness of the generl tone of the mind, t ny given moment. Plesure the concomitnt of mentl nd bodily dynmogeny, of the free outflow of energy ;nd pin, of the obstruction to such flow. Plesure s plesure nd pin s pin re not fctors of the mind ;but the tone of the mind, its greter or lesser per fection, whether felt or not, ccording s consciousness shines or does not shine on it, constnt chrcter of ll psychoses. So fr we hve considered individul psychoses, sttes of mind, s prticulr rections to individul sttes of its environment. But the mind of ech mn hs reltively permnent tendencies, definite wys of rection to the constntly recurring circumstnces of life. Some of these tendencies re common to the whole rce of mn. The presence of snke under the bed produces prcti clly the sme mentl rection in ll men. These re touches tht mke the whole world kin. Other tendencies re common to certin clsses of men. The sight of beggr produces one kind

41 1908.] NOTES ON THE SCIENCE OF THE EMOTIONS. 615 of rection in those we cll chritble nd different one in those we cll hrd-herted. Others, gin, re peculir to one individul or to few. A rose-flower on its stlk cuses in one mn the impulse to pluck it nd munch it ; in nother to tke it to h nostrils; wheres third stndi gzing t it nd drems of it s n ngel dncing in the sun. These different wys in which minds respond to their environment re cused by the pst htory of the rce nd of the individul. Th reltive fixity of the modes of mentl response to environment generled in Hindu philos ophy under the concept of Tms, which one of the fundmentl guns of the nlhkrn s of every other form of Prkrti. But if ll the modes of our mentl ctivity re fixed once for ll by heredity or by pst htory, the science of ethics would be impossible nd the rt of life meningless. It observed in the course of ech mn's life tht h rections to the sme surroundings re not lwys the sme. Wht with the hrd knocks Nture gives ll of us when we infringe her lws, nd the feeble efforts we mke or imgine we mke towrds self-culture, our responses to environ ment chnge ; in word, we re educble. Th educbility due to Rjs, the second gitn of Prkrti, whereby the direction of motion lwys corresponds to tht of the force cting. In the bove dcussion we hve crefully voided the lnguge of physiologicl psychology. It certin tht the mind, so fr s we know, cnnot ct without body ; nor for the mtter of tht, body without mind nything but n bstrction. A mind in body the ultimte fct of experience, nd in introspective psy chology which must, s Prof. Hoffding points out in h Problems of Philosophy, set its problems to experimentl psychology we cn neglect the considertion of the body ; in other words, the body minus the mind but n bstrction from experience, wheres the mind minus the body cn perhps be treted s concrete fct ; t lest the concept mind prtkes less of the unrelity of n bstrction thn the concept ' body. Perceptions, desires nd contions re ll represented in the body by chnges in nerve cells nd nerve fibres, but psychology chiefly concerned not with such nerve chnges but with imges perceived, with love nd hte nd contions, for psychology not physiology nd their methods re not the sme.

42 616 THE THEOSOPHIST. [APRIL In recent yers western philosoply hs devoted lrge prt of its energies to dcussing the reltions of the mind nd the body. The ssumption behind the dcussion, tht either cn influence the other, flse. Mind nd body re both bstrct concepts. It legiti mte to tret the mind s complete cosmos, or the body s complete cosmos ; it lso legitimte to tret either s the phenom enon of n inscrutble noumenon ; it lso legitmte to ssume (s the Sdnkhy philosophy does) the noumenon behind mind nd tht behind body to be the sme, becuse noumenon from its definition unknowble, nd two unknowbles my very well be one ; but it certinly bsurd to ssume tht the mind cn ct on the body or the body cn ct on the mind. The one cnnot be ver cus in the world of the other, for ech explicitly excluded from the concept of the other. Leibnitz nd Spinoz nd, mong moderns, Hoffding, hve vigorously protested ginst ssuming cusl reltion between mind nd body. Bodies ct s if (to suppose the impossible) there were no souls t ll, nd souls ct s if there were no bodies, nd yet both body nd soul ct s if the one were influencing the other (Leibnitz Mondology, p. 81). Body cnnot determine mind to think, neither cn mind determine body to motion or rest or ny stte different from these, if such there be (Spinoz, Ethics, Pt. III., Prop. ii.). Hindu philosophy hs voided th fllcy of imgining the mind nd the body s cting one on the other. It regrds the world of mind s cosmos of subtle mtter following its own fixed lws ; nd the world of body s cosmos of gross mtter following its own fixed lws, the only point of community between them being tht they re both jd, unconscious, prdkrti, mteril, chrctered by the fundmentl Guns of Tms, Rjs, nd Sttv. The Alm essentilly of the nture of consciousness ; he the seer of the flux of mentl nd bodily sttes tht constitute life Hence the illusion of Freewill. mythicl entity clled will, directing the body nd the opposite error of mterilm the body cusing chnges in the sttes of the mind, re both bsent in Hindu thought. Hence we spek not only of perceptions nd desires s phses of sttes of mind, but spek of third phse, tht of ction, conceived s the flow of mind to groups of muscles. Actul motion of the body or of prts thereof belongs to the body nd cn in physiology be spoken of s the

43 ] NOTES ON THE SCIENCE OF THE EMOTIONS. 617 result of the flow of nerve force from the brin to the muscles) but no portion of the psychos concerned ; though such motion the only evidence to nother mind of the mentl ction. I see fruit on my tble nd seize it. Let us see how th fct ppels to vrious sciences. Physiologicl Psychology sees in it current of energy flowing from the fruit to the brin through the eyes nd returning s the energy of the motion of the hnd. Introspective Psychology knows of one mentl modifiction illuminted by consciousness nlysble into three phses, the imge of the fruit, desire for it nd motion towrds response to it. The science of ethics sees here prticulr environment. definite Hving thus clered the psychologicl ground, we cn now ttempt to define emotion. Professor Jmes restricts the nme emotion to wht we hve clled the ctive phse of mentl response to environment. Prticulr perceptions certinly do produce widespred bodily effects by sort of immedite influence, dent to the rousl of n emotion or emotionl ide. ntece Every one of the bodily chnges, whtsoever be, felt, cutely or ob scurely, the moment occurs (Textbook of Psychology, chp. xxiv). The defect of th concept of emotion tht ssumes tht bodily chnges ber cusl reltion to mentl chnges. To quote Prof. Ribot gret dvntge in eliminting from the it there would be : question, every notion of cuse nd effect, every reltion of cuslity.... No stte of consciousness cn be dsocited from its physicl conditions ; they constitute it it be studied s such. (Psychology of the Emotions, nturl whole, which must p. 112). Prof. Jmes's definition of emotion hs th further defect, of neglecting the desire-spect, which constnt fctor of ll mentl sttes. In the bsence of ttrction or repulsion s between the mind nd its environment, the ide of mentl response nd hence of mentl life emotion to be inconceivble. Most other psychologts define n colescence of perception nd desire which resides in the mind nd impels the body to ct. Th concept milittes ginst the fundmentl experience of the unity of mind, or rther its tomicity, nutv s the NiySyik would put it. It moreover involves the fllcy of the ction of the mind on the body. Others, gin, hve further con fused the concept by counting plesure nd pin s fctors 6 of

44 THE THEOSOPHIST. [APRIL emotion. We hve lredy pointed out tht plesure nd pin re the interprettions by consciousness of the freedom or restriction mentl ction. To sy tht plesure inclines the mind to ct only populr form of speech energy Stout plesure ; the fct, of the unrestricted flow of ;its restriction, pin. In the words of Dr. : Whtever conditions further nd fvour contion yield plesure. Whtever conditions obstruct contion... re sources of dplesure (Mnul of Psychology, The concept of emotion will become Psychology nd ethics if we restrict it to the 234). vluble concept in p. reltively permnent lines of the response of the mind to its ever vrying environment. Extrordinry mentl rections to specil circumstnces tht re not likely to recur in mn's life re scrcely susceptible of scientific tretment nd certinly count nothing in self-culture. Hence it desirble to restrict emotion to the reltively perm nent tendencies tht re the outfit of every humn being for h life creer. The culmintion of mn's response to environment the contrction of vrious groups of muscles. These re of two kinds (1) those tht only ffect the body of the mn, especilly h fce, nd the musculr contrctions whereof we cll the ex : pression of emotions (2) those motions by which the mn ffects other objects round him. Th we cll behviour. Here we ; must note tht every immedite experience of objects, prtyksh, nd the conscious mentl response thereto re repeted in memory innumerble times. Memory, Smrti, hs been well defined in the Yog Sutrs to be the not letting go of something experienced. Th not letting go of prtyksh, but frequent repetition of the chief cuse of certin lines of response becoming fixed s emotions. Nture drws the lines of the emotions on the mind, nd memory ploughs them deep. These deep-seted tendencies of the humn mind re clssified s love nd hte, egottic or ltrutic, but we must never forget tht love nd hte, egotm nd ltrum re but bstrctions nd not entities tht cn swy the mind th wy or the other. (To be continued.) it, P. T. Srinivs Iyengr..

45 1908.] 619 THE DATE OF THE BHAGAVAD-GITA. [Continued from p. 528.] HE Lord Krshn, while sying, He the month of Mrg- X shirsh mong the twelve months, evidently conceives the months s prjdpt, the lords of cretion. It s lords of cretion only tht months cn be conceived s mnifesttions of divine power ; nd, s lredy illustrted by quottion from the Upnhts, th line of thought nd method of expression ws common to the Upnhts before the Bhgvd-Gitd. The Bhgvd-Gitd fct, nothing more thn the Upnhts sung by the Lord in, in more modern form, fter the yog hd been for some time, t lest, unfmilir to the people. The period of the Gitd ws of the revivl of the thought of the Upnhts. It gret period then s prjdpt tht the months re conceived, when sid tht they re mnifesttions of divine energy. From wht we hve seen, the sme month cnnot lwys remin the it highest mni festtion of the cretive luni-solr energy. Tht month must lwys be the highest mnifesttion of th divine energy in which the fullmoon dy flls in the first constelltion of the yer, the one, tht to sy, in which the equinoctil point my for the time be. tht Now it it not the others. will be seen from the tble of sterms given bove only twelve sterms which give nmes to the months, nd Therefore, fter pssing out of Mrigshirh, the sme conditions cn only obtin when the vernl equinoctil point recedes to the constelltion of Krittik. The constelltion of Rdhini, which flls between Krittik nd Mrigshirh, does not give nme to ny month. Therefore, so fr s months re concerned, the month of Krtik will become the highest mnifesttion of luni-solr energy, when the vernl equinox flls in Krittik. Before tht, the month of Mrgshirsh must retin the position of being the highest mnifest tion of tht energy. Thus we lern tht the month of Mrgshirsh retins th position so long s the vernl equinoctil constelltions of Mrigshirh nd R&him. When point into Krittik, the month of Krtik will tke tht position. it it under the psses out of Rdhini As long s remins in Krittik nd Bhrni, the month of Krtik must retin ht position. When, however, the point psses into the sterm of

46 620 THE THEOSOPHIST. [APRIL Ashwini, (he month of Ashwin must tke up tht position nd retin it s long s the point in Ashwini nd Revti. As soon, however, s it goes into Uttrbhdrpd, the month of Bhdrpd must become the highest mnifesttion of energy. We see thus tht while the venil equinoctil point under Mrigshirh nd Rdhim, it impossible for the Lord Shri Krshn to sy, I m the month of Mrgshirsh. When the point psses into Krittik th sttement becomes im possible. It could not hve been sid by ny one understnding the mening of the Smvlsr (yer) nd Mds (month) prjdpt, much less by Shri Krshn, t time when the vernl equinox hd pssed into Krittik out of R6hini. The principle, ccording to which ny one individul of clss to be considered the highest expression of divine energy, lid down in the Bhgvd-Gttd s follows : Whtever mnifesttion full of power hving either fortune or strength tht know thou to be the mnifesttion of portion of my divine energy. The word tejs hs been rendered by Anndgiri, the glosstor of Shnkr, s Ishwrshkii, divine energy or power. Divine energy shows itself in mny wys. Different outputs of th energy re to be considered in vrious clsses of phenomen. In the cse of months, the luni-solr energy to be considered s the mnifes ttion of divine energy. Therefore, the month of which the fullmoon dy relted to the constelltion of Mrigshirh, ws the highest expression of energy for period of bout 1910 yers ; tht, when the equinoctil point ws between six degrees nd forty minutes of Gemini, nd ten degrees of Turus the Twenty-six degrees nd forty minutes of the sterms of Mrigshirh nd RShini. The beginning of Rdhini flls t ten degrees of Turus. From thence up to the present, 10 plus 30 plus 23, tht, 63 degrees, hve been trvelled over. Th gives period of -^^4^ bout 4513 yers. The Blmgvd-Gttd must hve been spoken t time before the lst 4513 yers. Th mens tht the dilogue between Shri Krhn nd Arjun must hve tken plce t lest 2607 yers before Chrt. The whole thought of the Upnhts, the whole teching of

47 1908.] THE DATE OF THE BHAGAVAD GITA. (>21 Hindu philosophy, would be outrged, if we supposed tht the speker of the Bhgvd-Gitd could hve sid tht the month of Mrgshirsh ws the highest mnifesttion of divine energy, t time when the vernl equinoctil point hd pssed into Krittik. There nother considertion which helps us to determine the dte of the Bhgvd-Gitd. Trdition sys tht the Bhgvd-Gitd ws preched on the bttle-field of the Mhdbhdrl, on the first dy of the bttle, when both the rmies were stnding fce to fce. It ws ten dys fter tht dy tht Bhhm, the first generl simo of the Kurv rmy, fell. Now in the commentry of the Mhdbhdrt by Nilknth, we find the following in the Bhhm prv, Bhgvd-Gitd prv (chpter XVII., verse 2) : Tht ws the dy (when the bttle begn), when the moon hd gone to the country of Mgh. On th the commentry sys : The constelltion of Mgh scred to the Pitr. The country of Mgh the pilrilok (the world of the deprted ones). When the moon ws in the pitrildk, then the bttle of the Kurus nd the Pnd vs begn. So sys the Bhdrt Svilri : In the seson H mnt, the first month, the 13th lunr dy of the bright fortnight, in the constelltion of which the deity Ym, the bttle of the Mhdbftdrt begn. The first month (of the H&mnt) the Mrgshirsh. Here by the words ' 13th lunr dy ' should be understood the fourteenth lunr dy, s it comes on the sme (solr dy). Further, ' «ii^r mmr^ m i\ ftqtfei: M Bhhm ws dbled by Arjun on the 8th dy of the drk fortnight of Mgh. On the 13th, t mid-dy, Drdy ws killed. These two lunr dys re rrived t by dding 10 nd 15 to 14, not to 13. (Bhhm fell ten dys fter the bttle begn, nd Drdn 15 dys therefter.)' Here the word Mgh used to denote the month of Push nd (tht which comes fter Mrgshirsh), becuse t th time the

48 622 THE THEOSOPHIST. [APRIL yn desired (the winter solstice) in Mkr. It thus tht th becomes possible. The 8th of the drk fortnight determines th. Otherwe (if the beginning of the bttle be put on the 13th) their deths would fll on the 7th nd the 12th lunr dys respectively. Dury&dhn's deth gin put down to hve tken plce on Amvsy. Th should be understood to men the Prtipdd, the first dy of the next fortnight. The sterm, whose deily Ym, not here the Bhrni but the Mrigshirh, which hs dul deity Sukr (Venus) of the first hlf, nd Budh (Mercury) of the second hlf. Further, q^<*t yqqmbilr SII^'WIJTS: 0 Forty dys nd two hve to-dy gone since I went out. I left under the constelltion of Pushy nd hve come bck under the constelltion of Shrvn. Th ws sid by Bldev on the 18th dy of the bttle, when he returned from h pilgrimge. Uence the bttle finhed in the constelltion of Shrvn. It must hve begun in the 18th sterm before th, i.e., in the constelltion of Mrigshirh. It cnnot be Bhrni, becuse three sterms cnnot dpper in 18 dys. And becuse the Krtiki (the full moon dy of the month of Krtik flls when the moon in the constelllion of Krittik, therefore on Chturdshi (the 14th dy of the month of Mrgshirsh) the constel ltion of Mrigshirh only cn possibly fll. Further the night-bttle sid to hve tken plce on 12th Push drk, when the moon ws to re three MuhCrts before sun re. Further, Bhhm sys on the dy of h deth : I hve been sleeping here on the bed of rrows for 100 minus 58 (i.e.,) 48 nights. Th comes up to Mgh Suddh (bright) 5th from Push Krshn (drk) 8th. Krshn went to Hstinpur on Krtik Suddh, 12th. Armies cme out on Mrgshirsh drk, 5th. From Mrgshirsh drk, 5th, to Push bright, 1st, we hve forty-two dys. The bttle begn on Mrgshrsh bright, 13th. Thus, ccording to the clcultions of Nilknth, it ws on the first of the bright fortnight of the month of Push tht the bttle of the Mhdbhrt ended. RAm PrsAd. (To be concluded.)

49 OCCULTISM

50

51 1908.] 625 OCCULTUM OCCULT CHEMISTRY. IV. ws observed by us in 1895, nd, finding tht it ws so light, nd so simple in its composition, we thought tht it might be helium, of which we were unble, t the time, to obtin smple. When, however, helium itself cme under observtion in 1907, it proved to be quite different from the object before observed, so we dubbed the unrecogned object Occultum, until orthodox science shll find it nd lbel it in proper fshion. Occultum (Plte VI,, 1, Mrch). We here meet the tetrhedron for the first time, with ech ngle occupied by six-tomed group, the toms rrnged s on the end tringles of prm. Th form recurs very often, nd ws noted, lst month, s seen in copper (Plte VI., 3) ; it revolves with extreme rpidity round its longitudinl x, nd looks like pencil shrpened t both ends, or cigr tpering t both ends ; we hbitully spoke of it s ' the cigr.' It ppers to be strongly co herent, for, s will be seen below, its six toms remin ttched to ech other s met-compounds, nd even when divided into two triplets s hyper-compounds, they revolve round ech other. Above the tetrhedron blloon-shped figure, pprently drwn into shpe by the ttrction of the tetrhedron. The body below the tetrhedron looks like coil of rope, nd contins fifteen toms ; they re rrnged on slnting dk in flt ring, nd the force goes in t the top of one tom, nd out of the bottom of it into the top of the next, nd so on, mking closed circuit. The two little spheres, ech contining triplet, re like fill-up prgrphs to compositor they seem to be kept stnding, nd popped in where wnted. The sphere mrked x proto-compound, the blloon when set free. 7

52 626 THE THEOSOPHIST. [APRIL As ws noted under gold (p. 541 Mrch), sixteen occultum bodies, re-rrnged, mke up the connecting rod in gold : Occultum: Tetrhedron Blloon... 9 Triplets... 6 Rope-Circle Totl Atomic Weight Not known Number Weight f... 3 Dsocition of Atoms. Before proceeding to the study of other chemicl toms, s their generl internl rrngements, it desirble to follow out, in those lredy shown, the wy in which these toms brek up into simpler forms, yielding successively wht we hve clled proto, met, nd hyper-compounds. It nturlly esier to follow these in the simpler toms thn in the more complex, nd if the to erlier dsoci tions re shown, the ltter cn be more redily nd more intelligibly described. The first thing tht hppens on removing gseous tom from its 'hole' (see p. 356, Jnury) or encircling' wll,' tht the contined bodies re set free, nd, evidently relesed from tremen dous pressure, ssume sphericl or ovoid forms, the toms within ech re-rrnging themselves, more or less, within the new ' hole ' or ' wll. ' The figures re, of course, three-dimensionl, nd often remind one of crystls ; tetrhedrl, octgonl, nd other like forms being of constnt occurrence. In the digrms of the proto-compounds, the constituent toms re shown by dots. In the digrms of the met-compounds the dot becomes hert, in order to show the resultnts of the lines of force. In the digrms of the hypercompounds the sme pln followed. The letters, b, c, etc., enble the student to follow the breking up of ech group through its successive stges. Hydrogen (Plte V., 1, Mrch). The six bodies contined in the gseous tom instntneously re-rrnge themselves within two spheres ; the two liner triplets unite with one tringulr triplet, holding to ech other reltive posi

53 ' 1908.] OCCULT CHEMISTRY. 627 tions which, if connected by three right lines, would form tringle j K e 4 «Abb C * ml with triplet t ech ngle ; the remining three tringulr triplets 2 «b 6 n \/k i (A» te fit R. similrly rrnge themselves in the second sphere. These form the proto-compounds of hydrogen. In the dsocition of these, ech group breks up into two, the two liner triplets joining ech other nd setting free their tringulr comrde, while two of the tringulr triplets similrly remin together, csting out the third, so tht hydrogen yields four met-compounds. In the hyper-condition, the connexion between the double triplets broken, nd they become four independent groups, two hke ix, in the hyper-types (p. but re-rrnging their internl reltions brek up into two pirs nd 354, Jnury),* nd two remining liner, unit. The finl dsocition sets il the toms free. ;the two remining groups Occultum (Plte VI., 1). On the first dsocition of the component prts of helium, the tetrhedron seprtes s whole, with its four cigrs,' * The block of the hyper-types hs been printed the wrong wy, nd must be red from the bottom, from right to left, like Persin book.

54 G28 THE THEOSOPHIST. [ APRIL flltening itself out within its hole, ; two 'cigrs' re positive nd two negtive, mrked respectively nd '. The rope becomes ring within sphere, b, nd the two bodies d, d, which re loose in the gseous tom, come within th ring. sphere. The blloon becomes On further dsocition, the ' cigrs ' go off independently, showing two types, nd these gin ech divide into triplets, s met-compounds- B, on the met-level, csts out the two d bodies, which become independent triplets, nd the 'rope' breks into two, close ring of seven toms nd double cross of eight. These subdivide gin to form hyper-compounds, the ring yielding quintet nd pir, nd the double cross seprting into its two prts. The blloon, c, becomes much divided, the cohesion of its prts being slight ; it forms two triplets, pir nd unit, nd these set free, on further dsocition, no less thn five seprte toms nd two duds. The two triplets of d ech cst out n tom on dsocition, nd form two pirs nd two units. Sodium (Plte VI., 2). It convenient to consider sodium next, becuse it the bsic pttern on which not only copper, silver nd gold re formed, but lso chlorine, bromine nd iodine.

55 1908.] OCCULT CHEMISTRY. 629 When sodium set free from its gseous condition, it divides up into thirty-one bodies twenty-four seprte funnels, four bodies derived from the two centrl globes, nd three from the connecting rod. The funnels become spheres, nd ech contins four enclosed spheres, with more or less complicted contents. Ech centrl globe yields sextet nd qurtet, nd the rod sets free two qurtets nd peculirly formed sextet. When the proto-compounds re dsocited, the funnel-sphere sets free : (1) the contents of, rerrnged into two groups of four within common sphere ; the sphere yields four duds s hypercompounds ; (2) the contents of b, which unite themselves into qurtet, yielding two duds s hyper-compounds ; nd (3) the contents of the two spheres, c, which mintin their seprtion s met-compounds, nd become entirely independent, the toms within the sphere revolving round ech other, but the spheres cesing their revolution round common x, nd going off in different directions. The toms brek off from ech other, nd

56 630 THE THEOSOPHIST. gyrte in independent solitude s hyper-' compounds.' Thus ech funnel yields finlly ten hyper-bodies. The prt of the centrl globe, mrked d, with its six toms, whirling round common centre, becomes two triplets, t the metstge, prepring for the complete seprtion of these s hyperbodies. The second prt of the sme globe, mrked e, whirling cross, with n tom t ech point, becomes qurtet in the metstte, in which three toms revolve round fourth, nd in the hyper-stte, th centrl tom set free, leving triplet nd unit. Ech of the two bodies mrked /, liberted from the connect ing rod, shows four toms whirling round common centre, ex ctly resembling c in ppernce ; but there must be some differ ence of inner reltions, for, in the met-stte, they re-rrnge them selves s two pirs, nd divide into two s hyper-bodies. The body mrked g four-sided pyrmid, with two closely joined toms t its pex ; these still cling to ech in mutul revolution s met-body, encircled by ring of four, nd th leds to the further dsocition into three pirs on the hyper-level. Chlorine (Plte V., 2). The description of the funnel of sodium pplies to tht of chlorine, until we come to the body nerest the mouth, the sphere contining three dditionl bodies ; th remins within the funnel in the first dsocition, so tht gin we hve twenty-four seprte funnels s proto-compounds ; the centrl globes re the sme s in sodium, nd yield the sme four bodies ; the connecting rod sets free five bodies, of which two re the sme ; we hve thus thirtythree seprte bodies s the result of the dsocition of chlorine into its proto-compounds. As ll the compounds which re in sodium brek up in the sme wy into met nd hyper-compounds, we need not repet the process here. We hve only to consider the new met nd hyper-compounds of the highest sphere within the funnel, nd the two triplets nd one quintet from the connecting rod. The dditionl body within the proto-funnel of very simple chrcter, three contined tringles within the flttened sphere. On relese from the funnel, on the met-level, the toms re

57 1908.] OCCULT CHEMISTRY. 631 rrnge themselves in whirling set of three triplets, nd these brek off from ech other s hyper- compounds. The two triplets from the connecting rod, lso, re of the simplest chrcter nd need dely us. The five-tomed body, four-sided pyrmid s protocompound, becomes ring whirling round centre on the met, nd two pirs with unit on the hyper. not Bromine (If lte V., 3). Three dditionl bodies pper t the top of the funnel, which otherwe repets tht of chlorine. The connecting rod the sme nd my be dregrded. The centrl globes become more complex. The dditions re, however, of very esy types, nd hence re redily delt with. Ech of the three similr ovoid bodies contins two triplets ech tringle nd quintet four-sided pyrmid. These re the sme, s my be seen in the connecting rod of chlorine, nd we need not repet them. Only the globe remins. Th does not brek up s 2 bs whirling in proto-compound but bodies, cc, whirling on plne verticl to the two dengge themselves, forming while mkes merely set free, nd the pper nd the two smller plne t right ngles to the other. These whirling cross nd bb qurtet s dsocite themselves into four pirs nd two triplets. met-compound, single sextet ;these further

58 632 THE THEOSOPHIST. [APRIL Iodine (Plte V., 4). Iodine hs nothing new to give us, except five similr ovoid bodies t the top of ech funnel, nd two qurtets insted of two pirs in the centrl globe. The ovoid bodies become spheres when the funnels re thrown off, nd crystlline form indicted within the sphere. The toms re rrnged in two tetrhedr with com mon pex, nd the reltionship mintined in the met-body, septet. The ltter breks up into two triplets nd unit on the hyperlevel. I n the centrl globes, the of bromine repeted twice in sted of the pirs in cc. Copper (Plte VI., 3). We hve lredy dposed of occultum, on th plte, nd of sodium, which lies t the root of both groups. Copper, we now find, lso very lrgely off our hnds, s the funnel provides us with only two new types two spheres - ech contining five toms in new rrngement, nd the tringulr body t the mouth with its ten toms. Th tringulr body, with n incresed number of toms, re ppers in vrious other chemicl elements. The centrl globes re different from ny we hve hd before, in their internl rrngement, but the constituents re fmilir ; there re two contined spheres with four toms ech, the in the globe of bromine (see bove) nd 2 1 cigrs.' The ' cigrs ' my be followed under occultum

59 1908.] THF. SUPERPHYSICAX WOULD AND ITS GNOSIS. 633 (see bove). The connecting rod s in chlorine, bromine nd iodine. The toms in the bodies nd b re curiously rrnged. A con sts of two squre- bsed pyrmids turned so s meet t their pices, nd breks up into two qurtet rings nd dud. B gin two four-sided pyrmids, but the bses re in contct nd set t right ngles to ech other ; the second pex not seen, s it directly below the first. The pyrmids seprte s met-bodies, nd the toms ssume the peculir rrngement indicted nd then brek up into four pirs nd two units on the hyper-level. Silver nd gold will be delt with next month. Annie Besnt. [To be continued.] THE SUPERPHYSICAL WORLD AND ITS GNOSIS. [Continued from p. 552.] Initition. HE highest point in n occult school, of which it possible to X spek in n open rticle, Initition. One cnnot give public informtion concerning ll tht lies beyond, though the wy to it cn lwys be found by one who hs previously pressed forwrd nd penetrted the lower secrets nd mysteries. The knowledge nd power which re llotted to mn through Initition could not be obtined in ny other mnner excepting in some fr dtnt future, fter mny incrntions, on quite nother rod nd in quite nother form. He who initited to-dy experi ences something which he would otherwe hve to experience t much lter period nd under quite different circumstnces. It right tht person should lern of the secrets of nture only so much s corresponds to h own degree of development, nd for th reson lone do obstcles br h wy to complete knowledge nd power. People should not be trusted with the use of fire-rms until they hve hd enough experience to mke it certin tht they will not use them mchievously or without cre. If person, with out the necessry preprtion, were initited to-dy, he would lck those experiences which, in the norml course of h development, 8

60 THE THEOSOPHIST. [APRIL would come to him in the future during other incrntions nd would then bring with them the corresponding secrets. At the door of Initition these experiences must, therefore, be supplied in some other wy, nd in their plce the cndidte hs to undergo the prelim inry teching. These re so-clled trils which hve to be pss ed. These trils re now being dcussed in vrious mgzines nd books, but, owing to their very nture, it not remrkble tht quite flse impressions bout them re received. For those who hve not lredy gone through the periods of Probtion nd Enlightenment, hve seen nothing of these trils, nd consequently cnnot ppropri tely describe them. Certin mtters or subjects connected with the higher worlds re produced before the cndidte, but he only ble to see nd her these when he cn perceive clerly the figures, tones, nd colors, for which he hs been prepred by the dcourses on Probtion nd Enlightenment. The first tril consts in obtining clerer comprehension of the corporel ttributes of lifeless things, then of plnts, of nimls, of humn beings (in the wy tht the verge person possesses them). Th does not men wht clled to-dy scientific knowledge ; with tht it hs no connection, but with intuition. Tht which occurs usully tht the initite dcloses to the cndidte how the objects of nture nd the essence of living things revel themselves to the spiritul nd mentl hering nd sight. In certin wy these things lie reveled nked before the beholder. Attributes nd qulities which concel themselves from physicl eyes nd ers cn then be seen nd herd. Heretofore they hve been enwrpped s in veil, nd the flling wy of th veil for the cndidte, occurs t wht clled the Process of Purifiction by Fire. Th first tril therefore known s the Fire-Tril. For some people the ordinry life of every dy more or less unconscious process of initition by mens of the Fire-Tril. These people re those who hve pssed through welth of developing experiences, nd find tht their selfconfidence, courge, nd fortitude, hve been gretly ugmented in norml wy who hve lerned to ber sorrow nd dppointment, from the filure of their undertkings, with gretness of mind, nd especilly with quiet nd unbroken strength. Those who hve gone through such experiences re often initites, without their knowing it,

61 i908.] THE SUPERPHYSICAL WORLD AND ITS GNOSIS- 685 nd it needs but little to open for them the spiritul hering nd sight to mke them clirvoynt. If th were the cse, it would be unnecessry to stfy the curiosity of the cndidte by submitting him to the Fire-Tril. He would lern, undoubtedly, to know mny unusul things, of which others, devoid of such experiences, cn hve no ide ; but yet th knowledge not the end or im, but merely the pth to the end. The rel im nd object th tht the cndidte shll cquire for himself, through th knowledge of the higher worlds, greter nd truer self-confidence, higher nd nobler courge, nd perseverence, n ttitude of mind, ltogether different from wht he could hve obtined in the lower world. After the Fire-Tril cndidte my lwys turn bck ; but becuse he hs been through in ll h spiritul nd physicl it, he will resume reltions, nd in h life, strengthened h next incrntion he will continue to seek for initition. In h present life, t ll events, he will prove himself more useful member of society, will be of greter service to humnity thn he ws before, nd in wht ever position he my find himself, h firmness, prudence, nd fvorble influence over h fellows will hve gretly incresed. But if, fter coming out of the fire tril, he should wh to continue in the occult school, he hs then to be instructed in writingsystem which certin used by those in the school. Occult techings re written in th occult writing-system, becuse wht relly occult cn neither be perfectly spoken of in words of our ordinry speech nor set forth in the ordinry wys of writing. Those who hve lerned of initition endevor to trnslte the techings of divine wdom s best they my into terms of ordinry speech. The symbols or signs of the secret script re not rbitrrily invented or imgined, but correspond to the powers which re ctive nd efficcious in the world. It through these symbols or signs tht one lerns the lnguge of such mtters. The cndidte im meditely sees for himself tht these symbols correspond to the figures, tones nd colors which he hs lerned to perceive during the periods of probtion nd enlightenment. He now under stnds tht ll which went before ws only like lerning how to spell, nd tht only now does he begin to red in the higher worlds. All tht ppered to him before s seprte figures, tones, nd colors, now reveled to him s perfect unity, cohe

62 636 THE THEOSOPHlSt. [pril rent hrmony, nd now, for the first time, he ttins rel certinty in observing nd following the higher worlds. Hitherto it ws not possible for him to be sure tht wht he sw hd been clerly or correctly perceived. Now, too, it possible, t lst, tht correct understnding, in the spheres of the higher knowledge, cn begin re between the cndidte nd the initite. For no mtter how close the connection between the two my be, no mtter wht form their in tercourse my.tke in ordinry life, the initite cn only communi cte to the cndidte, on these plnes, in the direct form or figures of the secret lphbet. lerns certin Through th occult speech the student lso rules of conduct for life, certin duties nd obligtions of which, before, he knew nothing whtever. When he lerns to know these he ble to perform ctions which hve significnce nd mening such s the ctions of one who not initited cn never possess. The only point of view from which he now ble to look upon things, the only plne from which he cn now mke mnifest h deeds, tht of the higher worlds. Instructions con cerning such deeds cn only be red, or understood, in the secret script. Yet it must be emphsized nd clerly pprehended tht there re people who, unconsciously, hve the bility or fculty of performing these ctions, notwithstnding tht they hve never been in n occult school. Such helpers of humnity nd the world proceed blessedly nd beneficently through life. There re certin fundmentl resons, which cnnot be here dcussed, why they re in possession of seemingly supernturl gifts. The differ ence between these people nd the pupils of n occult school only tht the former ct unconsciously, but the ltter with full knowledge, insight, judgment, nd understnding of the entire mtter in hnd. The cndidte wins by trining wht hs been bestowed upon h fellow by Higher Power, for the good of humnity. One should freely nd openly honor these fvoured ones of God, but one should not, on their ccount, consider the work of the occult schools unnecessry or superfluous. Now tht the student hs lerned the Mystery lnguge there wits for him yet nother tril. By th he must prove whether he cn move with freedom nd certinty in the higher worlds. In ordinry life mn will be impelled to ctions by outwrd motives nd conditions. He works t to

63 1908.] THE SUPERPHYSICAL WORLD AND ITS GNOSIS. 637 th or tht becuse certin duties re imposed upon him by outwrd circumstnces. It need hrdly be mentioned tht the occult student must neglect in no wy ny of the duties connected with h ordinry life, for the reson tht he working in n occult school nd in the higher worlds. None of h duties there cn constrin him to tret with inttention or crelessness ny one of h duties in the lower world. The fther will remin just s good fther to h fmily, the mother just s good mother, nd neither the officer nor the so ldier, nor nyone else, will be detined from their necessry duties becuse they hppen to be students in n occult school. On the contrry, ll the qulities which mke men cpble re incresed beyond mesure to degree of which the uninitited cn form no ide. Tht th my not lwys pper to be the cse in the eyes of the uninitite merely due to the fct tht he hs not lwys the bility to correctly judge or critice the initite. The deeds of the ltter re not lwys entirely trnsprent to the former. But, s we hve sid before, th only hppens in certin cses. For him who hs rrived t the so-clled Steps of initition, there re now duties to be performed to which no outer stimulus given. He will be moved to do these things by no externl stimulus, but by those rules of conduct which hve been communicted to him in the mystery-lnguge. In th second tril he must prove tht, led by such rules of conduct, he cn ct from inner prompt ings just s firmly s n officer performs h obligtory duties. For th purpose the techer will set before the pupil certin definite tsks. The ltter hs now to execute some deed in consequence of observtions mde from the bs of wht he lerned during pro btion nd enlightenment. He hs to find the wy to wht he now to perform, by mens of the mystery-lnguge which, by th time, fmilir to him. If he dcerns h duty nd executes it correctly, he hs endured the tril, nd he recognes the success which ttends the fulfilment of the tsk, by the chnged mnner in which the spiritul eyes nd ers now pprehend the figures, tones, nd colors. The occult techer tells him dtinctly how these must pper fter the consummtion of the tril, nd the cndidte must know how he cn effect th chnge. These trils re known s the wter-trils, becuse in consequence of their performnce tking

64 THE THEOSOPHIST. [APRIL plce on the higher plnes, tht support which one would other we hve received from outwrd conditions now tken wy. One's movements re like those which re mde in wter by some one who lerning to swim. He feels no support under h feet. Th prctice must be often repeted until the cndidte ttins bsolute poe nd ssurnce. These trils re lso depen dent upon qulity which produced by the experiences in the higher worlds. The cndidte cultivtes th qulity to n extent which, in so short time, lie could not possibly rech while devel oping in the ordinry wy, but could only ttin fter mny incr ntions. In order to bring bout the chnge here mentioned the following the principl necessity : The cndidte must ltogether be guided by wht hs been proven to him by the cultivtion of h higher fculties, by the results of h reding in the secret cyphers. Should he, during these experiences, ttempt to introduce ny of h own opinions or desires, or should he diverge for one moment from the lws nd rules which he hs proven to be right, something quite other thn tht which ment will occur. In such cses the cndidte loses sight of the gol for which these mtters re under tken, nd the result only confusion. One hs, therefore, mnifold opportunities, during these trils, for the development of self-control, nd th, indeed, the principl qulity needed. These trils re, therefore, much more esily endured by those who, before initition, hve gone through life which hs enbled them to cquire commnd of themselves. Those who hve developed the chrctertic of following their higher principles nd idels without thought of personl honor or desire, who dcern lwys the duty to be fulfilled, even though the inclintions nd sympthies re too often willing to led them nother wy, re lredy, in the midst of everydy life, unconscious initites. They need but little to enble them to succeed in the prescribed trils. Indeed, one my sy tht certin mesure of initition, thus unconscious ly cquired in life, will be bsolutely necessry before entering upon the second tril. For even s mny who during youth hve not lernt to write or spell, find much difficulty in lerning to do so during lter yers, so it lso difficult to develop, merely from knowledge of the higher worlds, the necessry degree of self-control,

65 1998.] THE SUPERPHYSICAT. WOI.LD AND ITS GNOSIS. 639 if one hs not lredy cquired certin mesure of ordinry life. of it in the course The things of the physicl world do not lter, notwithstnding tht we desire them to do so, but in the higher worlds our whes, inclintions, nd desires, re cuses tht produce effects. If we de sire to bring bout prticulr chnges, in these worlds, we must hold ourselves in bsolute control, we must follow the right principle, must entirely subdue the personl will. There n ttribute ttined by those who hve reched th stge of initition which hs to be especilly considered n uncondi tionl, norml nd sure fculty of judgment. Attention must be directed upon the eduction of th fculty during ll the previous stges, nd in the course of them it must be proved whether the cn didte hs developed th qulity sufficiently to mke him fit to tred the pth of true knowledge. Further progress now only possible for him if he ble to dtinguh illusion, superstition, unsubstntil fncies, nd ll mnner of such things, from the true relities. At first, th much more difficult to ccomplh upon the higher stges of extence thn upon the lower. Every prejudice, every cherhed opinion regrding these mtters, in whtever connection, must vnh wy. Truth lone must guide. There must be perfect rediness to surrender t once ny exting opinion, ide, or inclin tion, when the logicl ide commnds it. Absolute certinty in the higher worlds only to be obtined when one never obtrudes one's own opinions. People whose mode of thought inclines them to phntsy, prejudice, nd so forth, cn mke no progress on the occult wy. In truth it glorious tresure tht the occult student shll ttin. All doubt s to the higher worlds will be tken wy from him. revel themselves to h gze. But so long s he cnnot win these heights nd compenstions. unhppy for him if h intellect nd reson. In ll their lw they will It blindfolded were, he indeed, h phntsies nd superstitions rn wy with Dremers nd people inclined to phntsies re s unfit for the occult pth s re superstitious people, for in drems, phntsies nd superstitions lurk the most dngerous enemies on the rod to knowledge. But becuse upon the gtewy which leds to the second tril re written the words, All prejudices must fll wy, becuse the cndidte hs lredy seen upon the portls

66 640 THE THEOSOPH1ST. [APRIL tht opened to him the first tril, the words, Without norml common-sense ll your efforts re in vin, yet it not necessry think tht the cpbility for inspirtion nd enthusm, nd ll the poetry of life, lost to the student of occultm. If he be now sufficiently dvnced third tril wits the cndi dte. No im, no boundry lines, re here set for him. All left entirely in h own hnds. He finds himself in condition where nothing cuses or induces him to ct. He must find the wy of h own ccord nd from within himself. Conditions or people who might hve stimulted him to ction re no longer there. Nothing nd nobody cn give the strength which he now needs, but he him self lone. If he should not find th strength within himself he will very soon find himself stnding where he ws before, to but it must be remrked tht very few of those who hve endured the previous trils will fil t th point in finding the necessry strength. Either they will hve turned bck lredy or they cn endure t th point lso. The only thing necessry the bility to mke resolution quickly. For here, in the truest mening of the phrse, one must find himself. In ll mtters one must quickly resolve to her the suggestions, the inspirtions, of the spirit. One hs no time for doubt or dely. Every moment of hesittion would dd to the proof tht one ws not yet redy. All tht hinders one from hering the voice of the spirit must be boldly conquered. It entirely mtter of proving one's presence of mind, nd it th ttribute to which ttention must be pid during ll the foregoing stges of development. All tempttions to ct, or even to think, which hitherto vited mn must now cese, but in order tht he should not slip into inction he must not lose h hold upon himself. For only in himself cn he find tht one sure centre-point on which he cn depend. No one, without further fmilirity with the sub ject, should feel n ntipthy to th principle of self-rejection. For him who hs lredy endured the trils described it indictes the most perfect felicity, the most wonderful of blessings. And in th, s in the other stges before mentioned, for mny people, everydy life itself cn be n occult school. People who hve reched the point of being ble, when suddenly confronted with some tsk or problem demnding immedite ction, to come to swift resolution, to ct without dely or personl considertion, hve, indeed, under gone their occult schooling in everydy life. The sitution which

67 1908.] THE SUPERPHYSICAL WORLD AND ITS GNOSIS. 641 one whes to suggest, one in which.1 successful ction impos sible unless the person concerned grsps the whole mtter nd cts t once. He quick to ct when mfortune in sight, when moment's hesittion my produce ctstrophe, nd he who pos sesses the qulities which cn be developed into permnent ttri bute of such kind, hs lredy evolved, unknown to himself, the degree of ripeness necessry for the third tril. For, s lredy re mrked, t th stge it ll depends on the development of presence of mind. In the occult schools th tril known s the ir tril, becuse while undergoing it the cndidte cn support himself neither upon the firm ground, nor ny externl cuse, nor tht which he hs lerned in probtion nd enlightenment from the figures nd tones nd colors, but solely upon himself. If the occult student hs endured these trils he then permitted to enter the Temple of the Higher Wdom. All tht cn be further sid upon th subject cn only be given out in the smllest hints nd suggestions. Tht which hs now to be performed hs been so often put into words tht mny sy tht the pupil hs here to tke n Oth, proming to betry nothing tht comes from the techer. Never theless these expressions Oth nd Betryl re in no wy pproprite, but re only mleding. It no mtter of n oth in the ordinry sense of the word, but rther n experience tht comes t th stge. Here the cndidte pprecites the true vlue of the occult techers, nd their plces in the service of humnity. At lst he begins to understnd the world correctly. It not so much mtter of Witholding the higher truths now lerned, but much more of upholding them in the right wy nd with the neces sry tct. Tht bout which one lerns to Keep silence some thing quite different. One wins possession of th fine ttribute in regrd to mny things of which one hd previously spoken, nd especilly in regrd to the mnner in which one hs spoken of them. Yet it would be bd initite who did not plce ll h mysticl experiences, s dequtely nd s fr-rechingly s possible, t the service of humnity. The sole obstcle to communiction in such mtters the munderstnding of the person who receives it. Above ll, the higher secrets do not llow themselves to be spoken bout promcuously, but to none who hs pssed the steps of development bove described, it ctully forbidden to spek of these mtters. No one sked for negtive oth, but everything plced t one's own responsibility. Wht one relly lerns to find out within oneself wht should be done under ll circumstnces, nd the Oth mens nothing more thn th, tht one found qulified to be entrusted with such responsibility. If the cndidte found fit he then given wht clled, symboliclly, the drught of forgetfulness. Th mens tht he 9

68 642 THE THEOSOPH1ST. [APRIL will be initited into the secret knowledge enbling him to ct with out being continully dturbed by the lower memory. Th bsolutely necessry for the initite, for he must possess full fith in the immedite present. He must be ble to destroy tht veil of memory which extends itself round humnity, more nd more thickly with every moment of life. If one judges of something which hppens to one to-dy, ccording to the experiences of yesterd)', one subjected by so doing to multitude of errors. Of course, it not intended tht the reder should think tht one ought to renounce ll the experience cquired in life. One ought lwys to keep it in mind s firmly s possible. But s n initite one should retin the bility for judging every fresh experience from outside of oneself, unclouded by ll bygone experiences. One must be prepred, t every moment, tht new thing or being shll bring to one new reveltion. If one judges the new by the stndrd of the old, one necessrily flls into error. Just in consequence of th the memory of pst experiences useful, for they cn mke one cpble of seeing the new. If one hd not gone through certin experience one would probbly not hve seen t ll the ttributes of th or tht being or thing, but such experiences ought only to enble one to dcern the new nd not by ny mens to cuse one to judge it by the old. In th wy the initite obtins certin definite qulities, nd by mens of these, mny things re reveled to him while they remin conceled to the uninitited. The second drught which given to the initite the Drught of remembrnce. By receiving th he becomes cpble of keeping the higher secrets ever-present in the soul. Ordinry memory would not be sufficient to ensure th ; one must be bsolutely t one with the higher truths. One must not merely know them but be ble, s mtter of course, to mnifest nd dminter them in living ctions, even s n ordinry mn ets nd drinks. They must become one's prctice, one's inclintions, one's hbits. It must be unnecessry to think of them consciously (in the usul sense of the word) ; they must become prt of one nd express themselves through one's very being ; they must flow through one even s the life-currents run through one's orgnm. So must we mke ourselves s perfect in spiritul sense s nture hs mde us in physicl. On th subject more will be sid in nother rticle, conditions for initition will be set forth. {To be continued.) in which the Dr. Rudolf Steiner.

69 i908.j NOW SH I VA-S0TRA-VIM ARSH INI. (Continued from p. 559). [Introduction to 3rd Sotur.] th Anv Ml lone bondge? No. For, it sid (in the next sutr) : q?rsrn: «R55rsr<rcq 3. The clss of Yoni nd Kl-bodied. n ^ n (The sentence to be completed by) supplying ' re bondge ' (from the previous Sutr.) Yoni My, the cuse of the universe. Its clss (vrg) the group of principles (tttv) from Kl to the Erth,* whose nture to limit ctivities which hve My s their cuse, directly or indirectly, nd give birth to bodies nd worlds. Th My Ml. Kld function, tht which defines ech object by giving it its specific form. Kdl-bodicd. Being of the nture of Kl. Th Krm Ml. (These two re lso) bondge. Th tught in To him who ttched to ction, hving lost h Independence by h impurity (Sp. lir. 9). Th cn be understood from our Spttd- Nirny. These, Kl, etc., whose nture the limittion of ctivity, etc., which inhere in the sme substrtum s Anv Ml, re proved to be Ml, s they envelop mn. As sid in Svchchhnd : He consciousness obscured by Ml ed by Kl nd Vidy, touched by Rj, ffected (here mening My), surround by Kl, controlled, gin, by Niyji, incresed by the notion of (being) Purush, filled by being ssocited with Prdhn, connected with the three Guns, seted in Buddhi, surrounded by Ahmkr, Mns, Jnnendriys, Ilrmendriys, Tnmtrs nd Sthulbhuts/'t ' From KlA to Kshitt,' mening ' throughout the mnifested universe, consting of Kl, vidya, RAg, KlA, Niyti, Purush, PrdhAn, Gun nd the Uttv of the Smkhy from Buddhi to the Erth.' Also clled ' KlA, etc.' j- The Shiv school regrds the uni\erse s mde up of 36 tttvs or elements which re subdivided into three clsses : (1) Bhiv tttv, being Shiv Shkti ; (2) Vidy tttv, consting of Sdshiv, Ishvr, nd Shuddhvidy ; (3) A{m tttv, consting of Mdyd Kld, VidyA RAg, KlA, Niyji, Purush,' Prkfti, Gun, Buddhi, AhmkAr, MAns, five janendriys, five Krmendriys, five TiimAJr.,' nd five Sthulbhuts. KlA mnifests the cognitive nd ctive powers of mn. VidyA ' enbles him to be conscious of the opertions of Buddhi. RAg ttchment. KlA Time. Niyji binds mn to the fruits of h Krm (JPushkr Agm, chp. 5).

70 641 THE THEOSOPHIST. [APRIL H being surrounded by Krm Ml shown in Mdlinivijy, Krm, of the nture of the Dhrm nd Adhrm chrcterized by plesure nd pin, etc. As sid in Priybhijn (xiv. 3.) : Therein {i.e., while under the influence of Snv Ml) reltive knowledge born) (the Ml clled My gives birth nd experience, nd Krm (Ml) due to the ignornce of the ctor hence these, i.e., My& nd Krm Mls, re sid to ; ( hve Snv Ml s their substrtum nd to be due to the (origi : nlly) unlimited knowledge becoming limited. [Introduction to ith SUtr.] Now it considered how th knowledge, bsed (th) clss of Yoni nd Kl-bodied, th on ignornce, triple Ml cuses bondge. : Those (Shkt) tht re between the Brhmrn- 4. Mtrk the bs of knowledge. Th triple Ml hs been defined s three different sttes of consciousness (1) consciousness of finiteness (of oneself) (2) cognition of the knovvble (object) s divided (or differentited) fi) V&sn&, deposits in consciousness of plesure nd pin. Mtrik the form of th, indicted by the letters A to Ksh.* She knower, mother, cretrix of universe ;the she gives the forms of sorrow, stonhment, joy, desire, etc., to cog nitions which mnifest the contrcted knowble (differentited uni verse), nd which embrce stedy nd unstedy sttes of conscious ness like, m finite (Snv Ml), m thin or ft (My Ml), I m n AgnhtCm-scrificer (Krm Ml), by ssocit ing words which nme them with those cognitions. sid Timiroclghdl dhr nd the Chiti, tht hold the rope (Ps of Brhm, the m tresses of Piths,t roost dredful, gin nd gin deceive (men). She who shines with the series of Shkes, Brhmi, etc. (s sid in the bove quottion), which preside over Vrg, Kl, etc. (of Sutr 3), who described in the Agms like Srvvlr, s the producer of the proper rrngement letters (in mntrs), who embrced by the Shktichkr mde up of (the powers) clled 1 I ; ; It J of : in * Letters from the words which nme ides, nd lso the mntrs which nme their presiding Dev (Shkt). Hence Mtrik denotes the Shkt s well s the nmes of concepts which enslve mn. tpilhs, Sttions of Shkt in the rope of BrhmA. centres of prim in the subtle counterprt of the spinl cord. Brhmrndhr, the pit of Brhmd, the third ven tricle. Chi{i, pile of wood for burning, the Mul&dhAr, scrl plexus, where burns the fire of the subtle body (These identifictions re conjecturl). XThe totlity of the energies behind the Universe. '

71 1908.] SHIVASUTRA VIMARSHINI, 645 Amb, Jyeshth, Kudri nd Vm, * the Shkji, the Presider. On ccount of her influence, the cognition of dulity between (two consecutive sttes of consciousness) becomes ineffective, nd hence there not even momentry stoppge of objective cognitions (chsing ech other), t Hence it right to cll th (knowledge bsed on Mtrik) bondge. Th explined in Kdriks : To wht born of collections of sounds (45) nd The Shkes re lwys bent on obscuring h nture (47). {Introduction to 5th Stitr], Now, the mens of ending th bondge nd the nture of the repose tht the gol described. Vl: \\\\\ 5. Udym Bhirv. Udym the re of the flsh of the Supreme Light (Prtibh),! the sudden re of pure consciousness, which flows s unbroken medittion. It the sme s Shivshkti nd Bhirv, becuse it fills (bhr) ll the Universe nd becuse it swllows ll fults due to the dturbnce of illusions. It tught (in th Sutr) tht s it develops the true nture (of the mn) which Bhirv (universl consciousness), it produced in those devo tees tht re enriched with devotion to introspective medittion. It sid in Mdlinivjy, Tht stte which produced even in those tht hve not cultivted thought, when enlightened by the Guru, clled Shmbhv. In th quottion the ' phrse, en lightened by the Guru,' hs been explined by Techers s enlight ened by the Guru, tht himself.' It lso sid in the Svchchnd : O fir one (in the cse of) the mn who medittes on the Bhirv form of himself nd stedy (therein) h mntrs become efficcious medittion (referred to in th quottion) the continued dwelling on the stte of turning the mind inwrd. Th referred to in the Krikd (41) : Unmesh known to be tht whence nother thought res when the mind concentrted on one thought. Th to be understood from one's own experience. [Introduction to 6th Sutr], Thus he hs explined the mens of being estblhed in the suddenly ren (Unmesh) Supreme Light nd of thus becoming * VAmA nd IchchhA (Desire) re BrhmA nd (h wife) BhAr(i ; JyeshthA nd jan (knowledge) re Hri nd (h wife) Kshitl ; Rudri nd KriyA (Ac(ion) re Shiv nd (h wife) AprnA. Thus th pir of Trinities... The nme of the synthes of ech Trinity (respectively) ShAntA nd AmbikA {Vrivsyirhsy,\\ ). Thus the four powers nd IchchhA Shk{i, jiian ShkU, nd KriyA Shkji, nd their synthes, the mother of the Universe. t If there should be n intervl without objective cognitions, experienced or remembered, the pure consciousness without the limittion of the objective world will re ; but the Shkf determine the mn so stedily towrds the world outside tht it not possible for such n intervl to ext. J Denned to be knowledge ring without ny instrumentl cuse Yog.-3ut., ii.,

72 64G THE THEOSOPHIST. [APRIL Bhirv, which ;the one mens of ending the bondge of ignor nce ; (now) he sys tht on ccount of the strength of th medit tion, even Vyutthn * mnifests the cesing of dulity. 5i?TF^sR99r% fm*ticn: II $ The Universe destroyed when the Shktichkr ttined (or joined). Bhirv hs been explined to be chrctered by the re of the Supreme Light. To him (belongs) n unsurpssed supreme Shkti of Independence which pervdes by h cognition, out going but seted in introspection, both the grdul nd simultneous mnifesttion of the whole of Shktichkr. Though she (th Shkti of Independence) described to be void, full, both void nd full, trnscending the grdul nd simultneous mnifesttion (of the worlds), she not of tht form. It hs been explined tht wht mnifests the Shkti chkr s cretion, etc., i c, (ll sttes of consci ousness), beginning from the stfction in outwrd objects to the ending s the Supreme Kncwer, but (her) sport with herself s sub strtum. Being ttined {or joined). The regulr medittion, on the Shktichkr which mnifests s bove, in the mnner prescribed in the secret scriptures. Then produced the destruction of the universe from Klgni to Rskl.t The universe composed of bodies nd objects burnt up in the fire of Supreme Consciousness. It sid in Bhrgshikhd : He then swllows ll (these), deth, Time, the totlity of Kl, lhe sum of ll chnges, cognition (prtiptttmy), the totlity of differences of one Atmnd mny Atm&s. In Virdvli : Behold the chiti X (funerl pyre) in the body, shining like Klnl,t where ll go to prly, ll tttvs re burnt up. In mdlinivijy, too, th sme described in roundbout wy. Th thing which cnnot be pronounced (described in words), hs to be thought by the mind. Tht stte which (ll) rech clled the Shkt (stte). Th cn be developed by devotion to the feet of the true Guru, nd, hence cnnot be described fully. Th sme referred to (both) in the first nd the lst (Spn d) Kdrik : From whose wking nd sleeping, nd when seted on unity. P. T. Srinivs Iyengr, (To be continued.) Trnsltor. iii, 38. * VyvhAr, ordinry ction, without medittion. Yog.-Sut. VytU BhAshy, t KlAgiii (or KAlAnl) to Rskl mens lhe whole of the Cosmos (Brhm&nd). The first world (lihuvn) in the Brhmnd where KAldgni, the fire of Prly, resides. The lst pure Kld, here ciled RsklA, the ry of pure Annd (Til. Up. ii., 7); lso clled Slidntitit KlA the finl stge when libertion reched. Th the world when the Shiv tttv, the highest of the 36 {ttvs of the Shiv philosophy, reside (Mrig. Ag. X. iii). % Vide note on chi i under Sutr 4, sufr.

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75 REYIEWS. SELF-RELIANCE* Th book, of nerly 800 pges, not merely n ethicl essy on self-relince, but mde up of tretes on prcticl studies in personl mgnetm, will-power nd success, through self help or uto-suggestion. It one of the mny volumes on kindred subjects tht re put forwrd lmost every week, nd hs nothing specil bout except tht contins very useful suggestions for the cultivtion of the importnt virtue of self-relince. From the stndpoint of Theosophy the idels of the book re not quite wht they ought to be success in the physicl world, for mteril things, not the object pursued by the theosopht, For him ltrum nd service re the idels to ponder over. The method put forwrd to cultivte self-relince hs chiefly to do with will nd thought-power. Theosophts fully recogne the use of thought nd will in the building of chrcter, nd while on th brod principle they generlly gree with the New thought' techings, they hve ever nd non word of protest ginst detils of medit tion, etc., now so brodly tught in the West, chiefly in Americ. it, ; it No one, theosopht or non theosopht, mterilt or spiritult, questions the vlue of self-relince. In occultm its importnce well recogned, for teches tht self-redemption the lw of progress To the prcticl theosopht Whitmn's ssurnce tht There no endowment in mn or womn tht not tllied in you. There no virtue, no beuty, in mn or womn, but s good in you. No pluck, no endurnce in others, but s good in you. No plesure witing for others, but equl plesure wits for you, it n idel for reltion, for he tught to see the sme Self seted in the herts of ll beings, nd he ever exhoited to work like self-relint mn nd not s dependent bbe. Mny r.jembers of the Theosophicl Society, therefore, will find the book brtling with useful suggestions for prcticl work for the control nd culture of mind nd thought. B. P. W. 1 DEVOPASANA' DIPAM. (The Light of Divine Worship.) Th Tmil book printed by M.R.Ry. Kumrettuppndin Avergl, of Etiypurm, nd sid to be the essence of three lectures delivered by certin Yogi, on Imge Worship. The Smskrj nme of the book, when ccurtely trnslted, will be, Light on Medittion on the Divine. The word upsn mens («/>«, ner, * By Jmes Cotcs, Ph. D., F.A.S. 10 :L. N. Fowler & Co., London. :

76 650 THE THEOSOPHIST. [APRIL nd sn, sitting) sitting ner to some one ; th, gin, mens tht mn, who on ccount of h long journey on the Prvriii Mdrg forgets God, one dy remembers Him nd thinks of reching Him. Th thought, oft-repeted, he mkes up h mind to sit close to h Lord figurtively speking. Th done by intensely thinking of the Lord in one of H numerous forms of mnifesttion the one tht suited to h temperment. Gining firly good concentrtion of mind, the spirnt hs to commence the upsn. The form of the Deity which the upsk selects should be clerly nd definitely constructed, men tlly, thus bringing to form the hitherto hidden God. We re tught in Hindum tht Jivtm hs h bode in the region of one's hert. The Jivlm, who dwells in the hert, brings ner to him the speciled form of the ll-pervding God, nd thus the nerness hinted in the word upsn (sitting ner) ccomplhed. Though ttended with numerous difficulties in the beginning, when the student hs reched certin stge, upsn gives him joy which overwhelms every considertion of difficulty. Those who tred the pth of Dhyn lose the ide of seprteness in course of time. Hving thus experienced feeling of oneness with ll, the yogi begins to shre h hppiness with ll. Th helping now -dys done by lecturing. The subject-mtter of th book ws given in few such lectures. Lectures only serve the purpose of reminding herers of wht they should study nd lern. Prcte of Dhyn cnnot be given out in public lecture, nd hence the book under review not for the uninitited ; it hs in it the grndest techings of Brdhmvidy. Com mencing from the ordinry worship of n verge mn, the subject runs up to the highest nirgun upsn, embrcing in its sweep the 32 Vidys tught in the Upnhnts, nd the three pths of Krm, Dhkli, nd Jfin. The book veritble inttltum in prvo s it. Insted of sying few words on everything, it would be more dvntgeous to explin in greter detil few of these things, so tht neophytes might be benefited. The device on the wrpper very hppily chosen : two birds re shown perched on the sme tree, but on different brnches of thus the fmous teching of the Upnhts bout the Jiv s bird on the lower brnch, nd 1SHVARA on the higher brnch brought before the reder's mind. The lecturer hs given good number of uthorities for h rguments. The book, on the whole, very useful light on medittion on the DIVINE. It rel service to the Tmil-knowing public. A. K. S. ARYACHARITRAM OR STORIES OF ANCIENT INDIA. Illustrtive of Indin Idels in the Pst. The Honorble V. Krhnsmi Ayer, High Court Vkil, Mylpore, philnthropt. He hs estblhed Smskrt College, nd n Ayurvedic F'idysdl, nd trying to revive the ncient Fidy Shstr of Indi. Now he comes out with vluble collec tion of stories, or rther htories of ncient Indi, selected from the two gret epics of Indi nd some Purns. Exmples of truth, of it,

77 1908.] REVIEWS. 651 self-denil, of heroic self-scrifice, of womnly chstity, of grtitude nd the like, bound in the book. The vlue of these morl stories very much enhnced by the fct tht they re in the Smskrt lnguge. The Sntori Dhrm series sued by the Trustees of the Centrl Hindu College, supply in Englh, informtion on rules of morl nd religious life, nd th book, s the editor expects, will be vluble supplement to the Sndtn Dhrm text-books. It will be useful like to the techers of the text-books, nd to the students, becuse in most cses the stories mentioned in the text books re fully vilble in th book. The book printed in the Ngri tyne on good thick pper. On pge vii, of the prefce the editor explins why he brings out th work, nd we gree tht book like the one under review should stfy every ernestly enquiring Chrtin msionry. A. K. S. THE MAGNET.* Those to whom the science of self- dcipline subject of interest will find th booklet redble one. Our rce mde up of mnifold temperments, nd the leders, techers nd philosophers of humnity must provide met for men nd milk for bbes. There re hundreds upon hundreds in the West to whom self-dcipline, grbed in estern clothing, would repel, nd they re nturlly in need of something more fter their tste nd fshion. The stern, ll-exct ing rules of the ncient Rj-yog dcipline re often too much for western bodies living in rush nd turmoil peculir to our civiltion. And yet there re mny ernest men nd women, who feel the need of some scientific, well-lid-out dcipline which they cn conveniently nd without much strin follow. To few t lest of such people th book will be help nd boon, while to ll, dvices such s, he who to be mgnetic must, in chrcter, in hbits, in mnner, in ll h delings with himself nd others, py csh. One who fils to py h dues of money, of honor, of kindness, of courtesy, of netness, comes short by just the mesure of h filure, of ttining unto perfect mgnetm, re worth pondering over. B. P. W. MAGAZINES. The Theosophicl Review, Mrch : Hs 1 Peer Gynt ' Key? by Isbelle M. Pgn, n interesting portryl of the slient points in Ibsen's gret drmtic work. The Serpent- Myth the first portion of lecture red before the Rosicrucin Society, by W. Wynn Westcott. Music for Theosophts subject which bly presented by ' A Nturl,' who, in the opening prgrph, sks th importnt question : Is it possible to develop ny further ides bout the lws of the universe by studying the lws of hrmony? The * By Lid A. Churchill, L. N. Fowler & Co., London. Price one shilling.

78 652 THE THEOSOPHIST. mtter merits creful ttention. Rev. Geo. St. Clir's importnt pper on Gerld Mssey s Egyptologt concluded. A Justifiction of Chstity, rtionl presenttion of vluble thoughts upon th subject. The Editor's importnt contribution On the Wy of the Pth, well thought out. Croline Cust writes on Nietzsche's Supermn, nd Li'm's People legendry rticle by N. de Gernet The N. Z. Thcosophicl Mgzine for Februry hs lrge portion of its spce occupied by report of the Annul Convention of the N. Z. Section of the T. S., which ws held t Aucklnd in December lst. Mr. Smuel Sturt ws elected Chirmn nd delivered n interesting ddress. He emphsed the importnce of ech one's dchrging h duty without fer of condemntion or hope of fvor, nd sid tht With ll becoming grtitude for ny help tht my be offered to us, nd understood to come from sources better informed thn ourselves, whtever comes thence should be plced in the crucible of experiment nd under the microscope of our scrutiny ; for thus, nd only thus, should we do such service s would stnd the test of ll future time. Two new Brnches hve been dded to the Section, nd mny of its members re ernestly working to spred rtionl knowledge of the Truth. There short rticle by Mrs. Besnt on '' Theosophy nd Drmtic Art, reprinted from The Show World ; the ' Strnger's Pge' dels with concentrtion, nd the 1 Children's Deprtment' especilly interesting. It proposed to dd few more pges to th mgzine, which doing much good work. Theosophy in Austrlsi, Mrch, contins interesting notes on the Convention of the Indin Section, T.S., in Benres, t which its Editor, Mr. John, ws present. Following th re The Bird's Song, by Lotus; The Mystery of Deth, by Wynyrd Bttye ; On Inter ruptions, by Ernest Hwthorn; nd The Librry Member, n 1 Open letter to Secretries of Brnches in our Section,' by the Editor. We notice the following in the Februry sue of T, in A. : Whilst l Adyr, our Generl Secretry, Mr. W. G. John, took the opportunity to enquire into the ppernces of the Msters during the closing scenes of the life of the lte Colonel Olcott. He first ddressed himself to Mrs. Kussk, who ws with the lte President-Founder throughout h lst illness, nd whom Mr. John describes s most resonble nd well-blnced womn, meeting h close enquiries without hesittion nd with complete cndor. With th ldy's evidence, which first-hnd testimony, Mr. John expresses himself completely stfied. To mke certinty yet surer, Mr. John drove to Mdrs to interview the lte Colonel's medicl ttendnt, Dr. Nnjund Ro, one of the finest specimens of humnity, intellectully nd physiclly, our Generl Secretry hs hd the plesure of encountering. Th gentlemn willingly set side the pressing obligtions of crowded life to testify gin to Mr. John tht in h lst illness Colonel Olcott ws s lucid nd mentlly relible s he hd ever been. Seted t the writing tble tht Colonel Olcott ws in the hbit of using, within few feet of the couch upon which he brethed h lst the intervening spce being the prece loclity of the Msters ppernces Mr. John writes to sy tht filure to ccept the testimony offered in th connection could only be chrc terized by him s unresonble incredulity. The Revue The'osophique for Februry contins n rticle by Mrs. Besnt on the Relity of the Invible, which profoundly inter

79 ' 1908.] MAGAZINES. 653 esting nd winch written in her usul convincing mnner. She explins forcefully the ctulity of the super- physicl world. The writer, Jihemde, hs contributed n instructive rticle on Group-souls, bsed on the techings of Mrs. Besnt in her Study in Consciousness. An nonymous rticle on the motto of the T. S.. There no Religion higher thn Truth, full of good sound dvice on the vlue of truth. Since so deserving of thnks, surely the writer need not hve been so modest s to concel h identity. The report of T.S. work in Frnce encourging. The usul Reviews re given nd the trnsltion of the Secret Doctrine continued- Theosophi, Februry : The trnsltion of Old Diry Leves, by Col. H. S. Olcott, continued* nd further we hve n originl rticle treting of Religion nd the World Aspect of the Ancient Germnic Rce, by Ms Slotboom ; Estern nd Western Idels, by Mrs. Besnt ( trnsltion) ; nd the Ppl Encyclicl ginst Modernm, by Cry. J. Schuver ; The Hilopdec ( trnsltion) by H. G. vn der Wls, together with some mcellneous mtter. Tietj, Februry, hs the following rticles : Theosophy nd the T.S. (concluded), by Annie Besnt ; Dhmmpd I. (Mx Muller's trnsltion, in Finnh) ; Why I becme Theosopht utobiogrphicl notes, by Ate ; Symbolm, by V. H. V.; nd Astrl Experiences, by Eli Ver, etc. Theosophy in Indi, Mrch : Working for Fruit embodies notes by M. J. of lecture by Mrs. Besnt. U. Venkt Ro's rticle on Krm concluded, nd, following the first prt of pper by Seeker,' on Our Civiltion. Under the hed of correspon dence we find n interesting letter from the pen of the Countess Wchtmeter, written fter H. P. B. hd pssed over. : it, Acknowledged with thnks The Vdhn, The Theosophie Messenger, Teosofk Tidskrift, Sophi, L Verddd, Revt Teosojk, Bulletin Thcosc phique, Theosojche Bcwegitig, De Gulden Kclen, The Lotus Journl.

80 [APRIL ACADEMICAL RECORD. Journl of Ihe Royl Asitic Society of Gret October 1907, nd Jnury Britin nd Irelnd, The min interest of the October number no doubt to be climed for Mr. Kennedy's ingenious ttempt to solve the Krshn problem. H rticle, entitled Krshn, Chrtinity, nd the Gujrs, strts with the thes tht the child Krshn not Hindu nd hs nothing in common with the elder Krshn except the nme, the ide of th child hving been suggested by the Chrtin observnces of some tribe of Scythin nomds, possibly the Gujrs. The ttempt to prove th thes consts of three prts of which we shll give summry here. 1. Erly Chrtin Communities nd Indi. There were three points of contct during the first five centuries Alexndri, the western se-cost of the Dekkn, nd the north-western frontiers of Indi. There ws smll colony of Hindu trders t Alexndri up to Crcll's msscre in 215 A.D., nd we her of Brhmns who vited Alexndri bout 500 A.D, but the inlluence of Alexndri ws confined to few svnts, nd no wind from Alexndri could ffect the populr religions of Indi. Nor cn the Chrtin commu nities which exted on the western se-cost of Indi from the second century hve exerced ny considerble influence on the evolution of Northern Hindum. For they were too little importnt, nd their leders were foreigners long fter the time in question. But the Chrtins of the north-western frontiers fulfil the conditions of the cse. The communities of Prthi, Medi, nd Persi were very importnt, nd were in constnt contct with the Brhmns of the frontiers, mny of whom hd even settled in those countries. There ws lrge number of Chrtin mrtyrs nd monks living s hermits, nd zelous msionries crried Chrtinity to wild dtricts nd to wilder tribes. Among the ltter were the Huns who invded Indi in the fifth nd ( second time) in the sixth century. 2. Krshn of DwSrk. Syncretm very common thing in the htory of religions. There were four Jupiters, three Dionysoi, mny Herkles, n Amen-R, though Amen nd R continued to be seprtely worshipped, etc. And so, besides the child Krshn, we hve t lest three other Kyshns. First, there chief of Dwrk, clerly no Aryn, but drkskinned indigenous hero of the Lower Indus, the lnd of degrded Arys, S'udrs, nd Abhirs, ccording to the Vhnu-Purn. In the epic he holds only the inferior rnk of chrioteer, but he plys leding prt nd fmous for h ' policy,' i e,, perfidiousness, just s the Grecin Odysseus. Second, there semi-griculturl, semi-solr, or tmospheric Go 1 ot immemoril ntiquity, held in gret venertion on the north west frontier. He the son of Dwki nd Vsudev, nd the younger

81 1908.] ACADEMICAL RECORD. 655 brother of Blrm, with whom he shres the title of Dmodr. H shrine t DwSrk. Third, there hero- god, being the result of grdul identific tion of the non-aryn hero of the Indus Vlley with Indi first (' Upendr, Govind ') nd fterwrds with Vhnu. He still identi fied with Indr fter 300 A.D., nd not identified with Vhnu until the fifth century A.D,, ccording to the evidence of both inscriptions nd literture. Krshn of MthurS. He does not pper on ny sculpture before the lst hlf of the sixth century, nd it evident for other resons too tht h birth time ws the end of the fifth or the beginning of the sixth century A.D. Th the very time in which Indi ws invded by the Huns nd when nother tribe of Scythin nomds closely connected with them, viz., the Gurjrs, occupied the lnd of Brj, i.e., the lrge re of psture nd woodlnd in which Mthur ws situted. Up to th time Mthur hd been entirely Buddht nd Jin, nd still erlier it ws the cpitl of the S'ursens, who were devoted to S'iv, the worship of the elder Krshn being confined to the Indus Vlley nd the mountins of Kbul. Before the rrivl of the nomds the lnd of Brj hd no specil snctity ; it ws their wnderings with Krshn which mde it scred, nd it these nomds which hve given it its chrcter. With the Gujrs correspond in minute detils the nomds of the Vhnu Purn : they hd no houses, but lived in their wgons ; they cme from mountinous region (which could only be the Himlys); their religion ws novel one, different from tht of the Brhmns ; their young god crries pipe, musicl instrument used only by Gujrs nd Ahirs, etc. The new religion the Gujrs brought to Mthur ws mixture of Chrtinity with Hindum. Certin elements were obviously Hindu, nd borrowed from the story of the older Krshn. The kernel, however, ws the stories of the infncy of the Chrt with which the Gujrs becme cquinted through their contct with the HHns, if not more directly, in their Centrl Asin home. For, the divinity of child hood n ide which the world owes to Chrtinity,* nd it th ide which the child Krshn expresses, however imperfectly. Some Modern Theories of Religion nd the Ved, by A. Berriedle Keith, n inquiry s to the pplicbility of the totemtic nd similr theories suggested by the comprtive science of religions to the Vedic niml (nd humn) scrifice. The nswer consts in good mny, perhps. The other principl rticles re : Some Border Bllds of the North-West Frontier, by E. B. Howell ; Tufil t Gnwl : * Th curious sttement, for one would think tht the world of Mr. Kennedy would include Indi, where more thn eight hundred yers before the Chrt Ihe gret word ws spoken {Brhddrnnykofnnd III., 5): Therefore the Brhmn, hving done with hook wdom, should remin in childlike stte, (tsmdd bidhmnnh fdr.ditynm nirvidy blycu tiffhdsef). The very sme ide occurs in nother old Upnd (pi e-buddhtic Snskrit) ltely dcovered by me, viz., Chdglcydfni^d, where some gret priests, proud of their cste nd know ledge, re sent, for enlighlment, to the childlike people of Kurukselr (kuruk$ctr evopstnety ye bdl'd v tdu updyy'ite v idum prvkfyntiti).

82 656 THE THEOSOPHIST. [APRIL poem from the Asm 'lyt, edited by F. Krenkow ; 11 The Hebrew Version of the Secretum Secretorum, medicl trete scribed to Artotle, by M Gster ; Two Hittite Cuneiform Tblets from Boghz Keni, by the Rev. Professor A. H. Syce ; 1 White Hun ' Coin of Vyghrmukh of the Chp (Gurjr) Dynsty of Bhinml, by Vincent S. Smith ; Mog, Mnes, nd Vonones, by I. F. Fleet ; Archeologicl Explortion in Indi, , by I. H. Mrshll. From the ltter the following my be quoted : A fct which our dcoveries hve now mde bundntly cler tht the most importnt building ge of SrnSth (ner Benres) ws the ge of the imperil Gupts ; yet more, they estblh the extence of n importnt nd wide-reching school of sculpture t tht epoch, nd open up for us n lmost new chpter in the htory of Indin rt. The Jnury number contins suggestive criticm of Mr. Ken nedy's specultions on the elder nd the younger Krshn, viz., The Child Krshn, by A. Berriedle Keith. As to the similrities between Chrtinity nd Krhpm, Mr. Keith thinks it t lest s esy logiclly to explin them by the hypothes tht there exted in Indi n indigenous cult which resembled Chrtinity in certin respects, nd which, therefore, nturlly ssimilted whtever Hindu tste found ttrctive in the new religion which ws brought by msionries nd others from the West. But such n hypothes not even necessry. For there cn be little doubt, Mr. Keith sys nd he certinly right tht Krshn ws recogned s divine child long before the contct of Chrtinity with the Hindus. Th proved by the reference of the Mhbhsy to Kmsvdh, i.c, the stnding enmity between Krshn nd h uncle Kms. In the sme Mhbhsy, with the Kmsvdh, the Blibndh mentioned, the ltter referring to legend of Vhnu (ccording to Weber), nd th further shows tht in tht time, i.e., in the middle of the second century B.C., Vhnu nd Krshn stood lredy in close reltionship. There even erlier evidence for th, viz, in Tittiriy Arnyk X, 1, G, where Nryn, Vsudev, nd Vhnu pper s identified. Evidently Mr. Kennedy lso wrong in dtinguhing between the elder Krshn s n griculturl God nd the younger s pstorl God. For the cow n essentil djunct of the life of n gricultu rl people. A Defence of the Chronicles of the Southern Buddhts, by Hrry C. Normn, firly successful ttempt to show tht the dtes given in the Ceylonese nd Burmese chronicles re fr more exct thn certin modern scholrs believe. The vykti-vivek of Mhim- Bhtt, by M. T. Nrsimhiengr. Th well-done little sketch, intended to cll ttention to unique work on rhetoric just under publiction by Pndit T. Gnpti Sstrir, Principl, Mhrj's Snskrit College, Trivndrum. Mhim-Bht{ ws ntive of Kshmir, who lived, ccording to our uthor, in the erly prt of the eleventh century. H work in prose nd dels with dhvni (the inner essence of expressions). As specimen of well-resoned dqui sition nd s n exposition of the subtleties of the rt nd science of criticl reserch, the work stnds out prominent in the whole field of Snskrit literture.

83 1908.] ACADEMICAL RECORDi 5? The Hebrew Version of the Secrettim Secreiorum, Medievl Trete scribed to Artotle, trnslted by M. Qster. Th trete on the rt of government which the old Artotle sid to hve sent to h pupil Alexnder, on the request of the ltter, together with n introductory letter in which- he conjures h pupil, just.s I hve been conjured upon th subject, not to revel it. Yhi ben Albtrik, the Hebrew trnsltor, sys tht, fter hving vited ll those temples where the philosophers deposited their hidden wdom, he cme t lst to the temple of the worshippers of the sun, which the gret Hermes hd built for himself, nd fter mny ruses ws finlly llowed to study the books deposited there nd to trnslte the privy of privies written in gold from Greek into Rumi (Syric), from which he further trnslted it into Arbic. The first ten chpters of the book re on the rule of government ; the eleventh dels with physiognomy, the twelfth with the preservtion of the body, nd the lst with specil rts, nturl secrets, nd the properties of precious stones nd perls. Other rticles : Suggestions for complete edition of the Jmi'uft TwSrikh of Rshldu'd-Din Fdlu'llh, by Edwrd G. Browne ; The Phlvi Texts of Ysn LXX (Sp. LXIX), trnslted by Prof. Lwrence Mills ; MSS. Cecil Bendll, edited b\ Lou de l Vllee Poussin. II. Frgments enecriture Gupt du Nord ' (Buddht) ; A Coin of Huvhk, by J. F. Fleet ; The Bsbr-nSm : the mteril now vilble for definitive text of the book, by Annette S. Beveridge; The Bhttiprolu Inscription No. 1, A., by J. F. Fleet. A New Orientl Qurterly nnounced on p , viz., the Rivt degli Studi Orientli of the Scuol Orientle of the University of Rome. The Rivt to include the lnguge nd litertures of Afric. The first prt (167 pges) begins with Abyssinin mtter ; then follows n rticle by Professor De Gubernt on Ln men's Athrv Ved ; Tin text, the VSsupujycritr of VrdhmnsGri, nlysed by A. Bllini ; trnsltion of the Chinese version of the AfhSprinirvSnsiitr, by Prof. C. Puini ; trnsltion of Chinese collection of mxims, by Prof. L. Nocentini ; nd few smller ppers. Journl of the Germn Orientl Society, Vol. LXL, third prt nd fourth prt (1907). Tidings of Schilh on h Moroccnin home trnsltion, by Hns Stumme, of most curious composition written for him, on h request, by Moroccnin vitor of Berlin. It gives, in wild style, lively picture, or rther Kleidoscopic series of pictures nd scenes from to-dy's Morocco. Amitgti's Subhsitsmdoh, Snskrt nd Germn, edited by Richrd Schmidt. Th' lst instlment compres chpters XXX. to XXXII., treting, respectively, of purity, the duties of lymn, nd twelve-fold tps. The middle chpter prticulrly instructive. Stnz 5 seems to show tht dining fter sunset (r&lri-bhojnm) ws not bsolutely forbidden by the Digmbrs. But killing not even llowed in order to obtin medicine (6). The second commndment clled slyin here, but the description (8-11) shows tht it in fct, double one including vercity (stym) s well s friendliness 11,

84 ' ' ts8 THE THKOSOPHIST. f APRIL [sunrtm). Hence the prohibition to spek the true word, if it does hrm (9). The third commndment trnsgressed not only by open theft, but lso by tking wht nother hs lost on the street, etc. (12) ; further by frud, blck-mil, etc. (86-87). Theft even himss in s fr s property the externl breth or life of people (rlhsbh'crsfi prnh prdninm). The fifth commndment, prigrh or bstining from property in the cse of the monk, with the lymn prmsnen grhltih only, i.e., modertion in gin. A good del lso sid bout the vows {vrtni) to be undertken by lymn, but we ms the commentry here. There re two kinds of tps, * the externl one nd the internl one, nd ech sixfold. Among the former six e.g., sitting in lonesome plce ;mong the ltter, religious study nd medittion. At the end of the book smll guru-vms' given from Devsen through Amitgti, Nemen, nd Mdhvsen the holy trdition cme down to our uthor. The Germn trnsltion gin not free from blunders. We only mention stnzs 45 nd 79 where rmbh not Beginnen (beginning), but violence' or, freer, 'egotm.'t Dr. Schmidt no doubt, wht he bosts of in h ltest work (on Indin Yog nd Fkirs), viz., very sober relt, nd he would therefore do better in future to keep h hnds off from subjects connected with philosophy. Hto ricl documents of Khltse in Western Tibet (Ldkh). Th nother importnt contribution by the msionry A. H. Frncke, to whom we owe lredy so much vluble imformtion bout Western Tibet. It flls into four prts (A). The Plces of Worship of the Bon religion ner Khltse. The Bon Religion ws ruling ll over Tibet before Buddhm cme, but little known bout s yet. The plces of worship re throughout on such spots where some wonder of nture, generlly some strnge shped rock, to be seen. By the introduction of Buddhm the Bon religion ws not extirpted but rther modified. (B). 'The Indin Inscriptions of Khltse, Though few lonly, they re enough to confirm the htoricl news bout the emigrtion to Ldkh of Buddht Kshmir monks. (C). The Medievl Inscriptions of Tibetn Rulers, Among these there lso little hymn to Tsongkhp. (D). The younger inscriptions nd kindred mtter of Khltse. They refer to the Dogr wr, con struction of rods, etc., : An Indin Dining-rule, by Heinrich Luders, clls ttention to the unnimity with which the Mhsidsomjdtk nd lmost the whole older Dhrm literture llow the twice-born to et the flesh of five (or six) kinds only of nimls hving five clws, viz., the hre, lizrd (godh), hedge hog, urchin, tortoe (nd rhinoceros). On the etbility of the rhinoceros scholrs did not gree, sys : 1, % it * I fully gree with Mrs. Besnt's exhustive definition of the word in the Foreword to The Wdom of the Ufinhfs. Th Jin term drmbh exctly corresponds with the Buddht updddnm (selfh ction) which follows trsnd thirst in the fmous formul of cuslity. t (' JIncluding the modern ones, though the uthor dmits tht he hs no personl experience with them! ')

85 1908.] ACADEMICAL RECORD. Govind (to Vsth XIV., 47). Apstmb llows even seventh best unknown elsewhere, the putikhs.9 On the indigenous lnguges of Estern Turkestn in the Erly Middle Ages, by Ernst Leumnn. Professor Leumnn hs mde dcovery which promes to become the key to new science, viz., the science of Est Turkestnin ntiquity. Hitherto we knew nothing bout the lnguge or lnguges of the literry finds mde in Estern Turkestn by Dr. Stein nd others. Now Prof. Leumnn hs dcovered, with the help of h Jpnese dciple nd friend, Dr. K. Wtnbe, tht one of the documents in question trnsltion of one of those Buddht SQtrs of which only the Chinese nd Tibetn trnsltions hve been preserved to us, viz., the SmghStsiilr. The Chinese trnsltion of such texts used to be s free s the Tibetn trnsltions re slvhly literl. Hence, for complete dclosure of the document only the Tibetn trnsltion could be used, nd th the Professor could not receive erly enough for the present pper. Anyhow, so much cn be sid lredy now with certinty tht the lnguge in question not ' Proto-Tibetn,' s Dr. Stein boldly clled but n Aryn lnguge, viz., kind of Persin. As to the second set of documents, Prof. Leumnn hd lredy some it, yers go succeeded in reding one of them nd dcovered in finely built metre, but no relted lnguge could be found out s yet prt from some uncertin similrities to ncient Turkh. it : it The fourth qurter of the journl opens with Germn trns ltion, by Professor E. Hultzsch, of LngSksi Bhskr's Trkkumudi. The uthor, like AnnmbhJJ, belongs to the third nd lst period of Nyy nd V'esik literture. Of h remining works the Arthsmgrh (ed. by Prof. Thibut) the most fmous. The Trkkumudi proceeds in much the sme wy s the well-known Trksmgrh, but more detiled, e.g., in the tretment of the flse rguments (helv-sbhssss.) Vedic Enquiries, by H. Oldenberg (continued). With the unique sgcity nd exctness we lwys dmire in Prof. Oldenberg's works, the following subjects re treted th time the verbl prefixes; the position, in the Rgved, of the comprtive prticles ;the enclitic forms of the pronominl bse d-; iv pprently monosyllbic in Rgved ;sd nd sdh in the Rgved ;dsyllbic pronuncition of r. Conflicts concerning the position of the HdT$ in Islm, by Ign. Goldziher. ' Th n interesting study of the different ttitude of Muhmmdn theologins s to such syings of the Prophet or mnifesttions of God s re not found in the Korn nd could pper even fter the deth of Mhomed by the wy of inspirtion. The ron d'itre of the Hdifs ws found in the following sying of the ProphetA book hs been given to me, nd besides something eqnl to it. The book, ws sid, ws for the multitude, but did not contin the sum of ll those reveltions by which God dtinguh ed h elected prophet. : it much longer lt of 8esh ud fh not llowed to Brhmin given by Vys in the Sntiprvn of the Uhdbhdrt (Adhy, XXXVII (21 24). Of fhes only those re forbidden s hve no scles. believe tht ws the influence nncl Buddhm Jinm which forced BrShmlns to become strict vegetrins, A I it of

86 660 THE THEOSOPHIST. [APRIL The remining rticles of both the prts of the journl re '* concerned with philology. We mention : A Specimen of the Khs or Nipll Lnguge, by G. A. Grierson ; Notes on some Arbic Nmes of Fhes, by M. Streck ; Horse nd Rider in the S'hnine, by Pul Horn. From the contents of other journls (not in our Librry) we mention : Htoricl Development of the Shushi Philosophy in Jpn, by A. Lloyd (Trnsctions of the Asitic Society of Jpn, vol. XXXIV., Prt 4) ;' Jpnese Medicl Folklore, by E. W. Clement (ibid., vol. XXXV., Prt 1) ; The Ten Buddhtic Virtues, by J. L. Atkinson (ibid.); Etudes de literture Bouddhique, by Ed. Huber (Bulletin devecole Frnce dtvexlreme Oriente, vol. VI., Nos. 3-4) ; L' inscription de Srnth et ses prlleles d' Allhbd et de Snchi, by A. M. Boyer ; Le Dieu Indo-Irnien Mitr, by A. Meillet (Journl Asitique, vol- X., No. 1) ; Witchcrft in the Chinese Penl Code, by C. W. Willims ( Journl of Die North Chin Brnch of the Royl Asitic Society, vol. XXXVIII ) ; Philosophic populire Annmite, by L. Cdiere (Anlhropos, vol. II., Prt 6); Un ncien document incdit surles Tods, by L. Berse (ibid.) ; Dipvmsnd Mhvms, by O' Frnke ( Vienn Orientl Journl, vol. XXI, No. 3) ; Contributions from the Jiminiy Brhmns, by H. Oertel (Journl of the Americn Orientl Society, vol. XXVIII., first hlf) ; The Sniff-Ks in Ancient Indi, by E. W. Hopkins (ibid.) ; Zoroster nd h Religions, by A. Yohnnn nd A. V. W. Jckson (ibid.). Dk. F. Otto SchrAder. Among other exchnges we note, The Ceylon Review (n interest ing number), The Indin Review, Indin Journl of Eduction, Modern Astrology, Gurukul Mgzine, Light, The Dwn, The Light of Reson, SiMhnl Dccpik, Sri Vni Vilsini, Phrenologicl Journl, The Metphysicl Mgzine. The Love of God does not const in being ble to weep, nor yet in delights nd tenderness, but in serving with justice, courge nd humility. Sint Teres (16th Century). With ching hnds nd bleeding feet We dig nd hep, ly stone on stone ; We ber the burden nd the het Of the long dy, nd wh t'were done- Not till the hours of light return, All we hve built do we dcern. Mthew Arnold.

87 THEOSOPHY IN MANY LANDS. Gret Britin. The qurterly meeting of the Northern Federtion T.S. nd the nnul meeting of the South-Western Federtion hve both tken plce during Februry. The one t Sheffield, when Mr. Sinnett pre sided nd lectured upon h erliest Touch with Theosophy, nd on The Superphysicl Plnes of Nture, both lectures being gretly pprecited nd the whole of the federtion meetings being much enjoyed. The other ws held t Bth under the presidency of Ms E. Wrd, who lectured on ' Some Tendencies of Modern Thought, to the generl public, nd on Principlities nd Powers, to the T.S. members. These meetings were lso well ttended nd successful gtherings. The specilly ppointed Committee on rules hs met four times nd drfted set of rules which it recommends to the Section, nd it hs been decided to cll Specil Convention for the 4th of April in order tht these suggested rules my be dcussed nd, if pproved, dopted, so tht they my come into opertion before the next elec tion of officers nd Committee. The min effect of the new rules would be to mke individul suffrge the method of election for Sectionl officils s it for the chief officer of the whole Society. Results would be nnounced before ech Annul Convention, nd the Convention itself would be ble to devote more time nd energy to the dcussion of topics of generl interest 'its consummtion devoutly to be whed! Mny references to the New Theology so-clled hve been mde in these pges, but generlly in its reltion to the Protestnt Free Churches. It good to remember tht the most rigidly conser vtive of ll communions tht of Rome lso not little ffected by the spirit of the ge. Modernm the nme by which the new thought known in Romn Ctholic circles, nd M. Pul Sbtier giving course of lectures on it t the Pssmore Edwrds Institute. In the course of h first ddress M. Sbtier defined the Movement s being neither Liberlm, nor Lome nor Protestnm in the Romn Ctholic Church ; it ccepted ll the pst of the Church just s the ptriot ccepted the pst of h: country, for in neither cse could tht pst be chnged. Tht it ws not Protestnt m ws conclusively proved by the fct tht one of the gret mnifestoes of the movement, Loy's L'Evngile et l'egle, ws refuttion of Hrnck nd other Protestnt divines. Modernm hd nothing in it of the Protestnt spirit of exmintion which pproched the spiritul records with the question : Are they true or re they flse? It ws rther spirit of dvnce : un printetnps spirituel qui rcvivific (out. The young movement ws determined on nothing so much s. on remining stunch nd fithful to the Communion in which it hd. begun.

88 662 THE THEOSOPHIST. [APRIL Tht n ttitude of mind with which the Theosopht cn sympthe. Not to brek down nd destroy the orgned chnnel for spiritul life, but to widen nd render it more responsive, more thoroughly virile, truly theosophic spirtion. Students of the occult might profitbly investigte the strl conditions in such regions of the United Sttes s Brethitt County in the Stte of Kentucky, one of those remote dtricts where n extr ordinry blood-feud or vendett hs been rging for hlf century, nd now closed (we my hope) by the murder of fther by h son. The detils of the feud too long to relte here go to show tht the psychic tmosphere of the whole plce must be reeking with pssion, nd one wonders to wht extent the long lt of foul nd trecherous murders due to veritble infection s rel nd loth some s the plgue. It should be possible, one would think, for some ' invible helpers ' to study these conditions nd do little whole some snitry purifiction in so foul swmp of bloody vengence. Itly. In the first of these periodicl letters from th Section it ws pointed out how, since 1900 especilly, gret nd growing chnge ws spreding grdully over ll brnches of serious thought in th country, s indeed in most civiled countries of the western world. It ws shown how in Religion, in Science, in Philosophy, the nrrower orthodoxy of lst century ws being ssiled on ll sides by new uprush of living idelm nd vigorous investigtion. A new leven seemed to be working in the relm of ides, nd men were no longer hesitting to voice their views nd opinions openly in public nd in print. Under mny nmes, mostly ending in ' m ' th current mni fests itself ; through mny different chnnels it threds its wy, ech strem vrying possibly in content nd cpcity, dtinct usully in purpose nd direction, yet originting in one source. Th one source the periodicl inflow of new life fforded to mn s he grows in understnding by which he modifies or breks the old form tht hs become constrining or rigid, nd moulds for himself new form better suited for h further development Believing ll things nd ll men to be ' in process of becoming,' the student of Theosophy sees in th evolutionry process the grdul working out of the Gret Lw, nd endevors to co-operte intelli gently with the unfolding of life, the unveiling of spirit, in the humn rce. But there difference between th position of trying to understnd nd co-operte with the ' scheme of things,' nd being identified with, or held responsible for the mny nd vrious forms tht the strems of thought tke under the impulse of the new current of ides. Yet there re signs tht certin sections of the Romn Ctholic Church re tking notice of Theosophy, nd find it convenient in their struggle ginst the spreding of more liberl nd less orthodox views to suggest, s set forth in recent rticles which ppered in E.

89 THEOSOPHY IN MANY LANDS. the Civiti Cttolic of Rome, tht theosophicl infiltrtions. ' modernm ' w9 tinted with Th sme policy of confusionm more thoroughly exemplified in recent book of over 850 pges clled Occultmo e modernmo, by Jesuit Fther, Giocchino Ambrosini, publhed in Bologn with ll the proper ecclesticl snctions by the Tipogrfi Arcivescovile. It unnecessry to consider the book seriously, or to exmine it in detil Suffice it to sy tht it tkes the form of eight long letters to young friend, wrning him of the heresies of the dy, nd especi ' lly of Modernm,' Theosophy, nd the opinions contined in ' Fogzzro's novel, II Snto.' The uthor goes so fr s to sy tht the occult doctrine lluded to in Fogzzro's 1 Snto'... doctrine tken from the Theosophicl Society of Mdme Blvtsky. H imgintive fncy even cuses him to see in one of the secondry chrcters of Fogzzro's book, nmely, the noble Englh ldy... fmous for her riches, her peculir costumes, nd her Theosophicl Chrtin Mysticm, the person of our esteemed President, which, of course, bsurd nd which Fogzzro would be the first to dclim. But it ll prt of policy to frighten the more liberl-minded Ctholics wy from the ' modernt ' tendencies, by suggesting connexion with the unknown ' bogey ' of Theosophy, Occultm, nd the Blck Arts, ll of which re one in the priest's estimtion. The only remrkble prt bout the book tht it clerly shows how closely Fther Ambrosini nd h friends seem to follow ll tht publhed long the lines of thought which dplese them ; how rtfully they trverse nd twt nd confuse the tendencies nd sues, nd how ingenuously they give themselves wy in the opertion, while they of course cll people's ttention to the literture tht they critice, nd tht might otherwe hve pssed unobserved. The book in question hs been stiriclly criticed in the Unovo Giornle of Florence, by Bert Fntoni ; nd n excellent pper by Decio Clvri, in the Ultr of Februry, trets in detil, nd very bly, with the vrious publictions ginst Theosophy, including Fther Ambrosini's book. The Ars Regi of Miln hs just sued completely reved nd new trnsltion of Anderson's Rc- incrntion. The editor, Dr. Sulli Ro, to be congrtulted for the wy in which the book got up, being very nicely printed, with good index, nd useful illustrtive ctlogue of other theosophicl publictions t the end. The trnsltion hs been done in most pinstking mnner by Mr. A. Cntoni nd Mjor O. Boggini. Every dy new publictions re forthcoming, from vrious editorsof works interesting to theosophts, either s trnsltions or s reprints from old nd rre editions. Thus re nnounced new sues of The Spiritul Guide of Molinos ; The Book of the Perfect Life, by n unknown Germn of the XIV. century, dciple of the Mster Eckhrt ; An Unknown Philosopher

90 THH THE080PHI9T. (Lou Clude de St. Mrtin) ; nd so on through number of interest ing subjects gnostic, orphic, mystic, theosophic. The public tste evidently becoming ever more interested in thoughtful books, nd the fulmintions nd intrnsigency of the Vticn seem rther to whet thn to stifle people's ppetites for the literture tht will nourh the growth of the Soul. W. Indin Section, Benres. There re no specil ctivities to report from Hedqurters th month. In the bsence of the President work hs gone on very quietly. Mrs. Besnt rrived in Benres on Mrch 15th from Clcutt, where few dys hd been spent, the report of lecture given there by her on the 12th upon the generl work of the T.S. in Indi hving p pered in the Sttesmn. During her bsence severl interesting lectures hve been given in the Section Hll on some spects of Buddhm, by the Rev. Kvguchi, Jpnese Buddht priest, who hs been for some time resident t Hedqurters, nd by Dr. SchrSder, who hs studied deeply the religion of the Buddh. Dr. SchrSder lso gve very interesting lecture upon Goethe nd Reincrntion, in which he pointed out mny evidences in the writ ings of the Germn poet of h belief in the teching of reincrntion. We hope tht Dr. SchrSder will see h wy to publ h th lecture in due course. Lst month we referred to the Centrl Provinces Theosophicl gthering, which met t Amroti in Februry, the report of which hs since been received. In ddition to resolutions pssed reltive to the helping of the mny thousnds suffering through the fmine, more prticulrly in cring for those left orphn nd destitute nd giving id to middle clss people who will not seek it through the ordinry chnnels, dcussion ws crried on s to the best wy of bringing members into closer touch with ech other, more especilly those who re unttched to ny Brnch. It ws resolved to institute system of correspondence with unttched members, nd to compile lts of the members in these Provinces, to be circulted mongst the Brnches nd unttched members ; lso to publh periodiclly in Theosophy in Indi the nmes of the Presidents nd Secretries of Brnches nd prominent workers, in order tht members viting the Province my know where to find friends. Th should do much towrds cementing bond of union mongst Theosophts in different prts of the country, nd its usefulness will be bundntly reled by those who re in the hbit of trvelling to ny extent. In the second week in Mrch Mr. F. T. Brooks pid flying vit to Hedqurters in connection with the newly-formed Hindustn Federtion, which includes mny of the principl brnches in the United Provinces. The first Session of th Federtion to be held t Lucknow during the Ester holidys, on Sturdy nd Sundy, April 18th nd 19th.

91 1908.] THEOSOPHY IN MANY LANDS. 665 Scotlnd. A correspondent sends us most cheering ccount of the Edinburg Lodge ctivities : We re doing very well. Our life nd ctivity revived gin completely in October, the beginning of the session. Clsses hve been strted which re thoroughly well ttended ; devotionl group found very helpful, nd one for the creful nd scientific study of psychic phenomen serving well for the instruction of members, nd the -whole Lodge full of life nd energy. On nother pge will be found n ccount of the per formnce of Peer Gynt, undertken by the Lodge, nd of the striking success chieved. The press notices give unstinted pre to the presentment of the mystic ply, nd to the Edinburgh Lodge for its fine rendering of Ibsen's msterpiece. The Lodge ws ided by some sympthetic non-members, but itself provided the chief ctors. It delightful to see how Theosophy mking itself felt in ll direc tions s n interpreter of noble thought. Ceylon. Mr. Tyssul-Dvies, the Principl of the Annd College, winning golden opinions, nd Mrs Besnt's Chrtms present to the Buddhts to mke long story short much pprecited by ll. H chrm ing wife, Mrs. Dvies, lso gret cquition to us. She helps Mrs. Higgins t the Museus School, nd both husbnd nd wife re ever to the front to help where help needed. Mrs. Higgins, the Principl of the Musens School nd pioneer worker mong Buddhts girls, siling erly in April to Europe on well-deserved holidy, which she will spend in Germny. She will be wy for six months, nd Ms Albrus, who rrived few dys go, will ct s Principl during her bsence. Ms Whittm, nother devoted worker t the Museus School, will jointly work with Ms Albrus on the teching stff. From the gift of 100 to the Museus School given by Mrs. Annie Besnt out of her birthdy gift Mrs. Higgins hs invested one thousnd rupees for n Annie Besnl Scholrship for Ceylon Htory to be competed for by the girls of the School. Her ction most commendble, s it not only helps deserving students, but it lso helps the foundtion of the school itself, while the nme of the donor lso perpetuted. Erly lst month Mr. Tyssul Dvies presided t the prize-giving of Buddht school t villge not fr from Colombo. He mde telling nd helpful ddress. Mr. Woodwrd, of Glle, hd similr function to perform t nother villge school, bout the middle of lst month, nd it most plesing to note how the younger genertion of workers following up so beutifully the work lid down by Colonel Olcott in Ceylon. Quietly but stedily they re forging hed, nd their noble nd unselfh work bound to succeed. In Colombo rrngements re being mde to hold the nnul Fncy Fir in id of the Buddht schools bout the end of th month, nd the hrd work put in by the members of the Colombo Society it sincerely hoped will be crowned with success. 12

92 666 THE THEOSOPHIST. [APRIL The results of the Cmbridge locl exmintions hve been received, nd it most grtifying to record the success chieved by the Annd College, Mhind College, Dhrm-Rj College, nd the Museus Girls' School. Some of the pupils hve come out with flying colors, receiving dtinctions. The ltest ddition to the lt of vitors to the Hope Lodge Ms Bonvi Hunt. H. PEER GYNT IN EDINBURGH. The somewht udcious drmtic experiment of the Edinburgh Lodge in promoting n mteur production of Ibsen's, Peer Gynt hs been fully justified. Although the Norwegin poet's msterpiece hs not been given before in Britin, th not the first time tht the T.S. hs undertken the work. The exceedingly interesting production t Genev nd Lusnne of Count Prozor's excellent French trnsltion few yers go ws prcticlly, if not ostensibly, supported by the Genev Lodge. As on tht occsion, it ws only possible to present selection of the scenes the whole ply, s given in Norwy, requires two evenings of not less thn three hours ech, nd it ws thought best to indicte the limittions of the ttempt by giving it the title of A Costume Recitl of Scenes from Peer Gynt. In the difficult work of selection the drmtic ction nd the coherence of the story were crefully considered, nd the ernest desire of the stge mnger ws to give fithful nd rttic presenttion of the poem, without wresting it to point ny prticulr morl or dvnce specil points of view. At the sme time the progrmme supplied suggested key, crefully gurded s crrying no uthority, nd while ll references to locl Norwegin politics were omitted, the mystic nd folklore element ws retined. The key rn s follows : Peer my be looked upon s yet nother type of the Prodigl Son, going forth into physicl incrntion in blindness nd ignornce, nd grdully evolving through vriety of experience. Solveig represents Peer's higher self, whom he must ultimtely wed. The sight of her wkens him to the worthlessne>s of the lower desires, but, chined by pst mdoing, he cnnot re to her level t once. Her prents represent lw in its sterner spect ; Helg, the spirtion, crrying messges from the lower to the higher. Ase suggests the primitive type of conscience, i.e, the voice of pst experience, or instinct, lterntely upbriding nd ppluding, nd lible to error. She dies when superseded by the higher self- Anitr stnds for the ' grtifiction of the senses. As n outsider dmitted, Tt must be confessed tht th Theosophicl interprettion explins the poem without the lest pressure.' It ws curious nd interesting to find tht those of the udience who rejected or did not grsp th point of view nd who looked upon Solveig s physicl plne rivl to the hrdly-used Ingrid felt out of sympthy with the conclusion of the ply. They were

93 ]')08.] PEER GYN'T IN EDINBURGH. 6C? indignnt tht, fter ll Peer's selfh sinning, he should, though t long lst, pprently rech firy tle conclusion nd live hppy ever fter. They did not rele tht while every precious bit of wdom gined through experience ws sfely grnered in the higher consciousness (Solveig), the gent of Krm, symboled by the Moulder of Buttons, still wited 1 t the cross-rods ' nd tht eventully ll must be duly ccounted for. The ply full of difficulties, mechnicl nd otherwe, nd costly nd elborte setting ws fr beyond the promoter's rech. But the gretest difficulty will lwys be to find n ctor cpble of sustining the title role nd willing to undertke its truly colossl lbors. ipcr Peer prcticlly never off the stge, nd mny of h speeches re of gret length. Fortuntely the T.S., if poor in coin, rich in whole-herted nd devoted dherents, nd one ws found whose professionl experience, fine nd expressive voice nd thorough grsp of the prt, mde h gift of service of gret vlue. As one critic remrked, It impossible to spek too highly of the vigor nd intelligence he brought to ber on h tsk The stge-mnger hd lso exceptionlly hevy work. To direct body of thirty-eight mteur ctors, some very cpble, others totlly inexperienced, but ll like busy people with scnty leure for rehersl, ws rduous enough. Her consterntion my be imgined when fter rehersls begn nd rrngements for the production hd been mde, the Englh version of the ply, through its very qulities of ccurcy nd scholrship, ws found lcking in the necessry rhythm nd freedom, nd could be neither lerned nor spoken. Th entiled re writing ll the scenes used nd rhyming most of them. The pprent hindrnce proved, s hindrnces often do prove, n dditionl help, giving greter intimcy with the poem nd deeper reltion of its beuties nd mening. * By mens of pmphlet h incresed comprehension ws imprted to ctors nd orchestr, thus gretly ssting the unity of the presenttion. It not often reled how much my be done for the evolution of the powers of combintion in tiie individul by ssocition for drmtic purposes. Here we hd body more thn usully coherent, hrmonious, nd singulrly free from the element of personl mbition which so often mrs drmtic enterpre s whole. Tht th ws felt by the udience my be shown by two remrks : We were so bsorbed in the ply we forgot to notice who were tking individul prts. There ws n tmosphere in the whole compny tht cme right cross the footlights to the udience you felt it. Tht th tmosphere ws given by the Theosophicl idel of brotherhood nd unity cnnot be doubted- And it must be remembered tht the beutiful nd hrmonious resultnt ws, s it were, blossom on the plnt of yers of stedy nd ernest work by the Edinburgh Lodge. The fruit not yet, but indictions of its future form re to be seen- There n evident stimulus of thought : public opinion wking to the fct, tht the T.S. cpble of good work. The recent performnce of Ibsen's 'Peer Gynt mrks step in the intellectul development Hs Peer Gynt Key? by Isbelle M. Pgn. (The pmphlet wg printed in the Theosophicl Review for Mrch.)

94 668 THE THEOSOPHIST. [APRIL of the city. Three clergymen hve preched on the ply in the short intervl since its production, nd the generl interest roused suggests to the Lodge specil set of public lectures next winter. Above ll, the inspiring spirit of the Theosophicl idel hs been noted by those outsiders who helped in the production. Jt must be gret dvn tge for you to hve the Theosophicl Society to work with, sid friend to the stge-mnger ; Theosophy seems to give you such fine feelings. Detiled criticm of the production out of plce here nd record of inevitble imperfections unnecessry. Points commended by experts were, the beuty of the coloring, the grceful dncing, the skilful mngement of crowds, the sympthetic nd musicl rendering of Grieg's music by the orchestr, nd the sustined unity of the whole. The prt of Solveig ws tken by n ssocite, Mrs. Frnk Bily, whose singing t the Europen Congress in London my be remembered. The three other chief chrcters, Peer Gynt, Mr. John Drlon, Ase Ms. J.E. Pgn, nd Ingrid, Ms. Elenor Elder were members of the Lodge. Able sstnce ws given by dtinguhed mteurs nd by n orchestr unconnected with the Lodge. The much pprecited stge-mnger ws Ms Isbelle M. Pgn. J. H. E. SCIENTIFIC NOTES. It would seem tht Prof. T. J. J. See, of the Nvl Observtory, Cliforni, who ws referred to in previous notes, hs tken upon himself the useful tsk of chmpioning the cuse of the Ancient World in mtters of scientific knowledge, for in Nture of Feb. 13th (p. 345), the following letter from h pen : In Strbo's Geogrphy, book XVI., Chpter XI., pr. 24, in the description of ' Sidon, we find the following remrk : If we re to believe Poseidonius, the ncient opinion bout toms originted with Mochus, ntive of Sidon, who lived before the Trojn times.' Th trcing of the theory of toms lo n uthority much more ncient thn Democritus does not seem to be mentioned in ny of the works on physics, but s it from the usully ccurte Strbo, nd rests on the high uthority of Poseidonius it seems worthy of notice. Strbo nd Poseidonius were contemporries, living bout 100 B.C. Democritus, the supposed founder of the tomic philosophy, lived bout 450 B.C. The Trojn wr clculted by scholrs to hve hppened bout 1400 B.C., when the city of Troy sid to hve been destroyed. When Dr. Schliemnn, by h excvtions, dcovered Ancient Troy, he demonstrted tht it hd been the site of t lest seven different cities in ntiquity, one being built bove the ruins of nother, t long intervls of time. If, therefore, the theory of the tom cn be trced bck to before the Trojn times, it crries us long wy towrds the finl ctstrophe of Atlnt in which civiltion the tom must hve been known, owing to the psychicl development of the fourth root rce. In reding the Htorin's htory of the World, s recently pub lhed by the London Times (Vol. I., p. 88), I ws interested to find tht we cn now prcticlly trce bck the world's htory to bout the

95 SCIENTIGIC NOTES. 669 time of the finl destruction of Atlnt, B.C Thus Chmpollion gives the dte 5867 B.C. for the beginning of the first Egyptin Dynsty, nd the prehtoric ge of continuous culture known to us covers probbly two thousnd yers more, when there cler evidence tht chnge of climte took plce in Egypt. To quote the bove work (p. 88) : The dte of the chnge of climte roughly shown by the depth of the Nile deposits. It well known by scle extending over bout three thousnd yers, tht in different prts of Egypt the re of the Nile bed hs been on n verge bout four inches per century, owing to the nnul deposits of mud during the inundtions. And in vrious borings tht hve been mde, the depth of the Nile mud only bout twenty-five or thirty feet. Hence n ge of bout eight or nine thousnd yers for the cultivble lnd my be tken s minimum, probbly to be somewht extended by slighter deposit in the erlier times. From the bove it evident tht the wters of the Nile begn to flow through Egypt bout the time of the finl destruction of Atlnt B.C. 9500, nd th my well hve been cused by the gret con vulsion of nture which, we re told, took plce t tht time. It lso evident tht it ws ccompnied by some gret climtic chnge in Egypt, for it shown tht before the Nile commenced, Egypt ws riny climte, which enbled t lest some vegettion to grow on the high desert, for the gret bulk of the worked flints re found five to fifteen hundred feet bove the Nile on tblelnd which now entirely brren desert. We re thus ble to trce bck our world-htory lmost with chronologicl exctness to the destruction of Poseidon s given by the occult records, when some chnge took plce which cused the wters of equtoril Afric to flow through Egypt nd simultneously chnged the country from region of rin to one of desert. It would be interesting to scertin wht the influences were tht cused the climtic chnges which doubtless were not confined to Egypt. A prtil redtribution of lnd nd se could be one of the cuses, but there my hve been others lso. If we exmine the position of the equinoctil points for the time B.C. 9500, when th climtic chnge occurred, we find they ber rther curious reltionship to our siderel system. The spring equi noctil point then ly on the ecliptic plne bout long It hs been recently dcovered by Dr. Gould tht within the system of the milkywy there smller siderel system consting of ring of the brightest strs. Our own sun ppers to occupy the centre of th bright ring, nd would thus seem to be member of th cluster of strs. If th be so, it likely to hve specil links, electric nd mg netic, with the system to which it belongs. Now the north pole of th ring of bright strs bout long. 155 nd 15 N. of the ecliptic, so tht when the chnge of climte took plce nd Atlnt ws destroyed, B. C. 9500, the line of the equinoctil points ws coincident in longitude with the line of the poles of th gret circle of bright strs, nd it quite conceivble tht the period when these two lines were crossing over ech other would be one in which the forces intercting between the erth nd the strs underwent process of reversl nd thus cused climtic chnges nd geologicl uphevls.

96 . 670 THE THEOSOPHIST. Since The Secret Doctrine contins severl suggestions connecting polr motions with climtic chnges, gret ctstrophes, nd the re nd fll of ntions nd sub-rces (Vol. 713 ;Vol. II,, p ), behoves the theosophicl student to seek for some solution long the lines bove indicted, tking observed fcts s fr s they will crry him, nd trying to fill up the gps by mens of hints from occult I., p sources. deeper study of th ring of bright strs might, therefore, be of profit. A The ring itself gret circle of bright strs, whose plne cuts the ecliptic in longitudes nd 2<iG, the scending node being t 216, inclined to the ecliptic t n ngle of bout 75. The str Aldebrn (Rohini), in long ', mrks the descending node, whilst the str Antres (Jyesht) in long ' mrks the scending node. At the beginning of the Kli Yug, B. C. 3102, the line of the equinoxes bout coincided with the strs Aldebrn nd It G i Antres, so tht ly within the plne of the ring of bright strs, nd thus very nturlly begn new siderel epoch it When the sun in conjunction with Aldebrn (Rohini), on My 30th, the erth crossing th plne of bright strs in bckwrd direction from its north to its south pole. When the sun in conjunc tion with Antres (Jyesht), on November 80th, the erth crossing the plne of bright strs in the forwrd direction from its south to its north pole. The Hindus nme these lunr months from the sterm which 180 from the sun's position ;thus when the sun enters Rohini, the month nmed Jyesht, from the opposite str Antres, nd so with ll the months ;hence the erth crossing the plne of bright strs in the Hindu months Rohini nd Jyesht. In the month of Jyesht, ner the end of My, the south-west monsoon commences, nd in the month of Rohini, ner the end of November, the north-est monsoon sets in ;hence the pssge of the erth through th plne of bright strs coincident with importnt chnges in the wind nd ocen currents of the globe, which re the gret fctors which deter mine climte. it interesting, therefore, to note tht whilst the line of the equinoxes coincided with the poles of th plne of bright strs permnent climtic chnge occurred in Egypt nd elsewhere the semi nnul pssge of the erth cross the sme plne coincides with periodic climtic chnge due to the reversl of monsoon winds nd ocen currents. Tht th lst fct ws well known to the Ancient World cler from the works of Vrh Mihir, ntive of Ujjin, the Greenwich of the Ancient World, situted est of Ahmedbd in E. long. 7* 52' nd N. lt ', who lived in the sixth century A.D., nd whose writings were lrgely copied from more ncient books. For in Mr. N. C. Iyer's trnsltion of h Brht Sm hit It (p. 120), find tht one method used by the ncient strologers for forecsting the south-west monsoon rins ws by the phenomen which occurred in the month of Jyesht, on the four dys nmed the Vyu Dhrn dys, from the eighth to the twelfth fter the ne^v moon, nd on the verge these coincide with the sun's conjunction with the str Rohini or Aldebrn, in other words, with the pssge of the erth cross the plne of bright strs. I ;

97 1908 ] SCIENTIFIC NOTES. 671 It true tht the modern meteorologt ttributes these chnges of the monsoon winds to other cuses. He holds tht they re due entirely to the northern nd southern declintion of the sun. But meteorology the most unstfctory of ll the modern sciences nd mkes the lest progress of ny. It resolutely refuses to dmit tht ny of the hevenly bodies except the sun hs ny influence on the wether, nd in th it t direct sue with ncient teching nd esoteric science. It should be remembered tht the views of the ncients were bsed on continuous observtions in Indi nd Chlde for mny thousnds of yers, whilst modern observtions do not extend much beyond two centuries. The weight of modern uthority, therefore, insignificnt when blnced ginst the views of the ncients, prticulrly when it perstently ignores such obvious cuses s the ction of siderel nd plnetry forces. s bove suggested, the pssge of the erth cross the plne of bright strs determines the times of the south-west nd north est monsoons, then quite esy to explin the chnge of climte so clerly indicted in ncient Egypt bout the time of the destruc tion of Poseidon. For the monsoon currents, on th hypothes, will not follow the tropicl yer but the siderel yer, nd th justi fies the Hindu in retining h fixed zodic nd h siderel yer. Previous to 12,000 yers go the south-west monsoon would not begin in June, s t present, but in December, since the equinoxes would hve shifted 180, nd we should hve the north-est monsoon in summer nd the south-west in winter. If, It it will be esily seen tht th would constitute generl climtic chnge ll over the erth's surfce, for there would be prevlence of southern winds in winter nd of northern winds in summer, or just the reverse of wht occurs t present. These southern winds would mke the winters wrm nd wet nd the northern winds would mke the summers dry nd cool. would tend, in fct, to mke the sesons of summer nd winter more nerly like in temperture, so tht tropicl nd sub-tropicl countries would be temperte ll the yer round. In higher ltitudes the winter precipittions would tke the form of snow, which would grdully ccumulte from yer to yer, since the summer would be too cool to melt the winter's collec tion of snow nd ice, so tht in th wy the northern nd southern ltitudes would experience kind of glcil period, the extent of which would vry ech cycle of precession ccording to the greter or less inclintion of the equtor to the ecliptic. I It The bove, think, in generl ccord with the evidence of glcil periods s found bv Geologts, nd grees firly well with the suggestions contined in The Secret Doctrine nd in ncient trdition. Mny fcts re held to indicte tht glcil periods wre due to cool summers nd not to rctic winters. Geologts find trces of severl such periods, the oldest being the most severe whilst the more recent showed tht the ice cp becme less nd less extended, nd thus could well be due to successive precession cycles, in ech of which the inclintion of the equtor to the ecliptic hd diminhed. The ring of bright strs of which our sun member forms kind of nucleus within the milky- wy, nd nturl to suppose tht it