America s Past Civilizations 9 th Integrated Honors Mr. Coia

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1 America s Past Civilizatins 9 th Integrated Hnrs Mr. Cia Name: Mn 4/17 Pass ut new unit guide/explain assignments Divide rles fr Mesamerica Tapestry prject Read WH 9.1 Earliest Americans & 9.2 Cultures f Nrth America Guided Reading sheets Discuss what similarities these civilizatins have with thers we have studied Grammar Fcus: Participle and Participial Phrase (Elements f Writing, ). Read and cmplete exercises 5, 4, 6 (in that rder) Brush ff yur vcab index cards! Bring them t class and we will grup them tgether in categries (wrk in triads). Make the categries creative. HW: Type up ne chart per triad fr yur wrd grupings; finish 9.1 & 9.2 sheets; Participle exercises Wed 4/19 Read 9.3 :Mesamerica Guided Reading sheet AND graphic rganizer fr Mesamerican empires Vide: Nat l Gegraphic s Lst Kingdms f the Maya (60 min) Use T Ntes sheet t capture distinctive characteristics Share categries f 102 wrds Review participle wrk Begin wrking n yur TT stry using ALL 102 wrds in bld text HW: Time Traveler and 102 Wrds Stry Fri 4/21 Read Histry lecture ntes n Mesamerica Write dwn 3-5 questins that yu want t find an answer t after sme research (be sure the questins are thse that require mre than a simple answer) Gegraphy f Maya Empire handut Read Histry Maker sidebar p. 211 Vide: The Inca s Frzen Past (4 min) Read, mark, and underline Wikipedia s Human Sacrifice in Aztec Culture Discuss in pairs, then as a class Grammar fcus: Gerunds (Elements ). Read and cmplete exercises 7 & 8 HW: Time Traveler and 102 Wrds Stry; Bring in tw cpies; ne f the cpies will have blanks in place f the wrds; type 3-5 questins and answers (must shw sme amunt f research) Tues 4/25 Turn in 3-5 questins/answers Turn in Time Traveler and 102 Wrds Stry Vide: A&E s Secrets f the Aztec Empire (50 min) Cmplete right side f T Ntes vide viewing lg Discussin: Which f the tw is the better ne? Wrk time: Mesamerica Tapestry HW: Mesamerica Tapestry; finish and prepare yur speech Thurs 4/27 45 minutes f assembly and practice presentatin Tapestry presentatins Students take ntes n the ther tw civilizatins Mn 5/1 Begin ur study f Islam Assignments: (check when turned in) 9.1, 9.2, 9.3 Guided Reading 15 WH 102 wrds vcab categries chart 15 WL T Ntes Vide Viewing Lg 10 WH Graphic Organizer WH Gegraphy sheet: Mayan 5 WH 3-5 questins frm Histry Ntes 10 WH Cmpleted answers that shw wrk abve Marking text: Aztec Sacrifice 10 WH Time Traveler stry 25 TT Participle wrk 15 WL Gerund wrk 10 WL Mesamerica Tapestry Prject 24 WH 1

2 Mesamerica Tapestry 24 pints Due Thursday, 4/27 (n late passes accepted) Yur task is t frm a grup f eight prfessinals wh are studying ne f the three Mesamerican civilizatins, Maya, Aztec, r Inca. Yu each will have a specific rle t pursue, with the final prduct being an eight-paneled tapestry shwcasing yur findings. Rles: Anthrplgist Ecnmist Histrian Thelgian Linguist Scientist Archelgist Gegrapher Order f the assignment: 1. Chse rles, either by randm r by selecting by interest area. Yu are nw t view the civilizatin thrugh the eyes f that specific prfessin. A thelgian and an ecnmist will lk at histry differently. 2. Define yur prfessin thrugh a dictinary. Lk fr several definitin s that yu can be sure that yu understand what yur rle is. Yur final definitin must be in yur wn wrding. 3. Research yur civilizatin using the links prvided n 4. Write ne r tw slid paragraphs explaining what ccurred in yur civilizatin thrugh the eyes f yur prfessin. (It s nt as easy as it sunds). Remember t use strng tpic sentences that capture the rest f the paragraph. 5. Get back tgether t see each member s findings. Cme t a cnsensus n a cmmn theme fr each piece f the tapestry. 6. Print ut ne page filled with yur infrmatin. Include yur paragraph(s), three nn-pixelated pictures, a page brder, and anything else that will make this aesthetically pleasing. Imprtant: This must be in clr; hwever, each student can nly use ne page frm the Media Center s clr printer. If yu waste it with a mistake, yu ll need t print at hme at yur wn expense. If yu try t sneak anther cpy, I will nt give yu credit n this prject. Part f yur jb is t be fastidius with yur layut BEFORE yu send it t find cpy. 7. Attach all eight pieces tgether in a creative fashin s it can be put n a wall. Yu must have a title page / banner that intrduces it (this can be yur grup s ninth clr page). 8. Prepare a shrt presentatin t teach the class yur findings. 9. Remember t avid plagiarism. All text must be riginal. Individual writing that is riginal, creative, and interesting Individual layut is clear and creative (rder, pictures, brder) Grup tapestry has a creative title, is attached well, and is unified 2

3 Mesamerica Tapestry Scring Guide 24 pints Due Thursday, 4/27 (n late passes accepted) Name: Rle: Grup members: Circle ne: Maya Aztec Inca Individual writing that is riginal, creative, and interesting Individual layut is clear and creative (rder, pictures, brder) Grup tapestry has a creative title, is attached well, and is unified Cpy the fllwing statement: / 24 All wrk n this assignment is my wn. I did nt cpy r merely paraphrase ther writing. I understand that plagiarism in any frm results in a zer n this assignment. 3

4 Mesamerica Lecture Ntes The Wrld f the Mayas Amng the peples influenced by the Olmecs were the Mayas. Between A.D. 300 and 900, Mayan city-states flurished frm the Yucatan in suthern Mexic thrugh much f Central America. Scientists have recently determined hw Mayan farming methds allwed them t thrive in the trpical envirnment. Mayan farmers cleared the dense rain frests and then build raised fields that caught and held rainwater. This cmplex system prduced enugh native crn and ther crps t supprt rapidly grwing cities. Temples and Palaces Twering pyramid temples dminated the largest Mayan city f Tikal, in presentday Guatemala. Priests climbed steep temple stairs t perfrm sacrifices n high platfrms, while rdinary peple watched frm the plazas far belw. The Mayan pyramids remained the tallest structures in the Americas until Much f the wealth f Tikal and the ther Mayan cities came frm trade. Scial classes Each Mayan city had its wn ruling chief wh was surrunded by nbles wh served as military leaders and fficials wh managed public wrks, cllected taxes, and enfrced laws. Priests held great pwer because nly they culd cnduct the elabrate ceremnies needed t ensure gd harvests and success in war. Advances in Learning The Mayas develped a hierglyphic writing system, which has nly recently been deciphered. Mayan scribes kept their sacred knwledge in bks made f bark. The Spanish cnquerrs later burned mst f them, but a handful were taken t Eurpe Mayan priests became expert mathematicians and astrnmers. They develped an accurate 365-day slace calendar. Decline Abut A.D. 900, the Mayas abandned their cities, leaving their great stne palaces and temples t be swallwed up by the jungle. These lst cities were discvered in mdern times. N ne knws fr sure why Mayan civilizatin declined, but tday, millins f peple in Guatemala and suthern Mexic speak Mayan languages. Rts f Aztec Culture Lng befre Mayan cities rse t the suth, the city f Tetihuacan had emerged in the Valley f Mexic. Frm A.D. 100 t A.D. 750, Tetihuacan dminated a large area. The city f Tetihuacan was well planned, with wide rads, massive temples, and large apartment buildings. Alng the main avenue, the Pyramid f the Sun and the Pyramid f the Mn rse majestically tward the sky. Citizens wrshiped a pwerful nature gddess and rain gd. Tetihuacan eventually fell t invaders, but its culture influenced later peples, especially the Aztecs. 4

5 Arrival f the Aztecs In the late 1200s, bands f nmadic peple, the ancestrs f the Aztecs, migrated int the Valley f Mexic frm the nrth. Once settled, the Aztecs shifted frm hunting t farming. They built the city f Tenchtitlan n the site f present-day Mexic City. Cnquering an Empire In the 1400s, the Aztecs greatly expanded their territry. Thrugh a cmbinatin f fierce cnquests and shrewd alliances, they spread their rule acrss mst f Mexic. Gvernment and Sciety Unlike the Mayan city-states, each f which had its wn king, the Aztecs had a single ruler. The emperr was chsen by a cuncil f nbles and priests t lead in war. Belw him, nbles served as fficials, judges, and gvernrs f cnquered prvinces. At the bttm f sciety were the slaves, mstly criminals r prisners f war. Despite their lw status, slaves culd wn land and buy their freedm. Prtected by Aztec pwer, a class f lng-distance traders ferried gds acrss the empire and beynd. Religius Beliefs The priests were a class apart. They perfrmed rituals they believed pleased the Aztec gds. The chief Aztec gd was Huitzilpchtli, the sun gd. His pyramid-temple twered abve central Tenchtitlan. The Aztecs believe Huitzilpchtli battled the frces f darkness each night and was rebrn each mrning. T give the sun strength t rise each day, the Aztecs ffered human sacrifices. The Aztecs carried n almst cntinuus warfare, using the captured enemy sldiers fr a regular surce f sacrificial victims. When the armies frm Spain later arrived, they rund ready allies amng peples wh were ruled by the Aztec empire. The Incan Empire Pachacuti, a skilled warrir and leader, was the funder f the Incan empire. In 1438, he prclaimed himself emperr and set ut n a plicy f cnquest. He and his sn extended Incan rule frm Ecuadr in the nrth t Chile in the suth. Gvernment The emperr exercised abslute pwer ver the empire. Claiming that he was divine, he was als the chief religius leader. Gld, the sweat f the sun was his symbl and he lived in splendr. The Incas ran an efficient gvernment with a chain f cmmand reaching int every village. Nbles ruled the prvinces alng with lcal chieftains whm the Incas had cnquered. Specially trained fficials kept recrds n a quipu, a cllectin f kntted, clred strings. 5

6 Rads and Runners T unite their empire, the Incas impsed their wn language and religin n the peple. They als created ne f the great rad systems f histry. The rads allwed armies and news t mve rapidly thrughut the empire. The Incas kept sldiers at utpsts thrughut the empire. Within days f an uprising, they wuld be n the mve t crush the rebels. Daily Life The Incas strictly regulated the lives f millins f peple within their empire. Peple lived in clse-knit cmmunities. Gvernment fficials arranged marriages t ensure that men and wmen were settled at a certain age. Farming Farmers expanded the step terraces built by earlier peples. The terraces kept rains frm washing away the sil and made farming pssible in places where flat land was scarce. Farmers had t spend part f each year wrking land fr the emperr and the temples as well as fr their wn cmmunities. The gvernment tk pssessin f each harvest, dividing it amng the peple and string part f it. Metalwrking The Incas were the best metalwrkers in the Americas. They learned t wrk and ally cpper, tin, brnze, silver, and gld. Medical Advances The Incas develped sme imprtant medical practices, including surgery n the human skill Religin The Incas were plytheistic. Chief amng the gds was Inti, the sun gd. His special attendants, the Chsen Wmen, were selected frm each regin f the empire. During years f training, they studied the mysteries f the religin, learned t prepare ritual fd and drink, and made the elabrate wl garments wrn by the emperr. 6

7 T Ntes Vide Viewing Lg Name: Features f the Mayans Features f the Aztecs 7