Healing Practices, Indigenous People, and Shamanism
|
|
- Aron Parks
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Healing Practices, Indigenous People, and Shamanism By Roger Asterilla 7/20/2008 Understanding the roots of healing practices necessitates briefly examining their origins among indigenous people. According to current research, the indigenous people of the earth originated in the southeast to central regions of Africa. And, at least 70,000 years ago, they began a migration out of Africa that lead to world cultures in India, Euroasia, Southeast Asia, Oceania, the Pacific Islands, Thailand, the Phillipeans, and the Americas. 1 In their original homeland, this root stock of modernday people encompass the Mbuti, Ik, Khoi-san, and the Hadza people of Africa. From left to right: Efe woman of the Ituri forest; Khoikhoi man; Khoikhoi (Hottentot); a San woman & child (Bushman); and Hadza people of northern Uganda (a direct descendant of pygmies, or Mbuti people). Disparagingly known as pygmies, according to the accounts of the Efe pygmies, they originated in the region of the Mountain of the Moon, or Mount Kilimanjaro. They were the first to establish civilization, and tell of a great pygmy nation symbolized by the crocodile. 2 According to Pierre Hallet, author of Pygmy Kitabu, they also created the arts and sciences, metalworking, humankind s first legends and myths, the initial concept of god, identified the planets, and established the healing arts. 3 Regarding the healing practices of these people, they fall into the sphere of African Traditional Religion (ATR), and was carried out by what is currently identified in the west as shamans. 1 Smith, Deborah, Out of Africa: Aboriginal Origins Uncovered - May 9, 2007 < The pygmy people of the Ituri forest are composed of four groups: Efe, Aka, Twa, and Mbuti. The San and the Khoikhoi (meaning first people ) live further south in the region of the Kalahari desert. 2 Hallet, Pierre, Pygmy Kitabu 3 These assertions are not only supported by genetic research and anthropology, but also by world mythologies and legends. I will attempt to elaborate on some of these interesting facets. 1
2 The term, shaman comes to us via the Russian language, and originated in North-Central Asia. 4 Presently, it is used as a blanket term to cover the indigenous healing practitioners from different regions of the world, since terms such as medicine men and women, witch-doctors or Juju were used pejoratively by early Europeans coming into contact with indigenous populations. However, not only is the collective application of the term shaman being criticized, but its origin as well. The criticism of the collective use of the term is primarily leveled at New Age and Western forms of Shamanism. The reason is that these approaches to shamanism are perceived as watering down genuine practices, and reinforcing negative stereotypes. 5 The source of these movements is linked to Mircea Eliade, a philosopher and religious historian. Eliade wrote a principle source material on shamanism, and is being criticized for not conducting anthropological research. Specifically, the attack is aimed at the activities of a shaman, i.e., drumming, trance, chanting, entheogens and hallucinogenics, spirit communication and healing. 6 These practices also exist outside of shamanism and unique to any culture that use them. Thus, it is argued that these practices cannot be applied generally or globally to shamanism. On another front, it is argued whether or not the use of the term shamanism is even appropriate. Instead, it is recommended that either shamanhood or shamanship be substituted. The reason given is that either of these terms focuses attention upon the diversity and specific features of the discussed cultures. 7 It is further argued that they are less general and places more stress on the local variations, and... emphasizes... shamanism is not a religion of sacred dogmas, but linked to everyday life in a practical way. 8 Others have argued that there is no unity in shamanism. The various, fragmented shamanistic practices and beliefs coexists with other beliefs everywhere. There is no record of pure shamanistic societies (although, as for the past, their existence is not impossible). 9 If one can look past: (1) attempts at cultural marginalization; (2) realizing that what one does, does not necessarily reflect what one knows; (3) knowing that negating another s knowledge does not invalidate it; (4) attempting to de-mystify the sacred; and (5) fostering doubt regarding pure shamanistic societies a couple of questions will emerge. If a shaman is one who knows, what is it that a shaman knows? 4 It is stated that the word shaman originally referred to traditional healers of Siberia and Mongolia, and meant he or she who knows. Others say the term originated from the Chinese word sha men, which means Buddhist monk, and in its original form is a corruption of the Sanskrit word shramana a disciple of Buddha. Among the Mongolians it is synonymous with magician. Essentially, the term shaman refers to a person who knows [ However, Jacob Bryant, author of Analysis of Ancient Mythology, gives the true origin of the term. He points out that the word shaman is linguistically related to Ham, one of Noah s sons. Bryant conveys that the ancestors of Ham worshipped him as a Deity, and who was called by the Egyptians Am-On (Amon), and was esteemed the Sun. His priests were called Chamin and Chaminim. Anyway it is examined, the term shaman implies to know, and to know is the essence of the word science. 5 Shamanism, < July 17, Ibid., p Ibid., p Ibid., p Ibid., p. 14 2
3 And, the other... is there evidence of a pure shamanic society? To seek an answer for the former, we must answer the latter first. For if there is a possibility that a pure shamanic society existed in antiquity, it is to be sought in Africa before the existence of ancient Egypt. However, there is evidence revealing that ancient Egypt definitely had shamanic elements within her culture, but these shamanic elements gained from the Pygmy civilization, which pre-existed Egypt s formation as a country. The Central Element of Shamanism According to Jeremy Naydler, central to shamanism are human experiences that are of a different order from the sense-perceptible world that normally captures our awareness. 10 Recognizing that these experiences are different than sense-perceptions is the first criteria for understanding shamanism. More importantly, Naydler argues that there are at least five related factors between shamanism and ancient Egyptian religion that separates them from modern religions. These five factors are: 1. the shaman in the role of a mediator between non-ordinary and the senseperceptible worlds, or ordinary reality; 2. the initiatory death ritual where the shaman experiences dismemberment followed by rebirth and renewal (see video clip of Homer Simpson); 3. the transformation of the shaman into a power animal; 4. the ecstatic ascent to the sky; and 5. crossing the threshold of death to commune with the ancestors and gods. All five of these facets experienced by a shaman are found in the Pyramid Texts of ancient Egypt, which originated during pre-dynastic Egypt, and are required experiences of Kingship. 11 However, there are perceived differences between shamanism and the ancient Egyptian religion. One of these differences is based upon the belief that shamanism emerged in hunter-gatherer societies that were organized in small scatered groups of people... and this may be the only difference, if it is in fact true. It must be realized that we are still learning about ancient Egypt, after all, she had no written language of alphabets, only hieroglyphics. This is something I think Naydler may have overlooked. For example, he states that nowhere in ancient Egypt is there the single figure of the shaman in Egypt, entering onto trance states in order to retrieve souls, heal the sick, or journey into the spirit world as described in shamanism. 12 However, at the time of his writing, he may not have been familiar with the work of Greg Reeder. According to Reeder, the specific activities carried out by the shaman 10 Naydler, Jeremy. Shamanic Wisdom in the Pyramid Texts: The Mystical Tradition of Ancient Egypt. Inner Traditions: Vermont, Ibid., p. 15; It should be further noted that Kingship was the royal principle of ancient Egypt. As such, it represented Harmony. Therefore, Kingship 12 Ibid., p. 16 3
4 are seen in the function of the Sem priests, and in their recently discovered role as the Teknenu. 13 This mysterious shrouded figure, present in numerous ancient Egyptian funeral ceremonies, is identified with the name "tekenu." Early Egyptologists saw him as a possible sacrificial victim. A current theory holds that the shroud contained just spare body parts left over from the mummification process. 14 It was initially believed that the Tekenu, a figure of a man in a bag, a fetal or sitting position, and pulled on a sled in a funeral procession. Sometimes, the Tekenu figure occasionally had a mask where a face would be on the figure, and sometimes it did not look like a man at all. 15 This research by Egyptologist Reeder reveals that the Tekenu, when finally placed in the tomb, sits up during the 'Opening of the Mouth' scene, and reveals he is obviously human and alive. Reeder states: It is the Sem priest who is awakened from his trance at the beginning of that ceremony at the tomb of the deceased. The Sem states that he was "asleep" but had visited the deceased in the otherworld. The Sem then is a shaman undergoing a trance like dream state in the guise of the tekenu. As the tekenu he is transported to the tomb wrapped in a shroud to help facilitate his "death" so that he can be transported to the other world. Thus having visited the spirit world, the Sem was imbued with powers which enabled him to perform the succeeding "Opening of the Mouth" ceremony for the deceased. The tekenu was no more for he had been transformed into the Sem. 16 The Sem priest of ancient Egypt were the priest of Sokar-Ptah-Osiris, and were distinguished by their unique leopard attire draped over a white kilt. One need only 13 To his credit Naydler does point out that in ancient Egypt there were priest, healers, magicians, and the king himself, that collectively served the functions of a shaman. However, these individuals all seem to be connected with a body of priest called Sem. It is believed by this writer that the Sem priest were the shamans of ancient Egypt. 14 Greg Reeder, The Enigmatic Tekenu - < April 9, Caroline Seawright. Human Sacrifice in Ancient Egypt < July 20> Ibid., p. 15 4
5 to look at the functions of the Sem priests to recognize their corresponding role to shamans. First and foremost, the Sem priests were an unbroken line of priests and traced through Osiris, Ptah, and Sokar. They were in charge of Egypt s divine and mortuary temples, or the daily activities of the state and the annual rituals and festivals. One of the important festivals was the Sokar festival, which occurred in the fourth month of the Egyptian civil calendar, and lasted for six days. The importance of this festival is that it predated Egyptian history, and the implication is that the Sem priest pre-existed Egyptian dynastic history. 17 It is in Egypt s predynastic history that her connection to shamanism is understood, and the key to this connection are the African pygmies. African Pygmies, Ancient Egypt and Shamanism Mircea Eliade, who is primarily responsible for introducing shamanism to the modern world, states that shamanism should be classified as mysticism. 18 I have no problem with this, however, I think that the connection between the pygmies, shamanism, the ancient Egyptian religion are being overlooked. As the indigenous people of the earth, the pygmies, who preexisted not only the Egyptian dynastic period, but all people on earth. In today s Africa, they live in small bands as hunter-gather groups. It is from such modes of living that shamanism is said to have originated. However, they did not always live in this manner, and shamanism appears to be a carryover of a much more scientific and pre-existing 17 Asterilla, Roger L. A Framework for Approaching What Alchemy Is and its Ancient Foundations: Submitted as Final Requirement to Flamel College, Home Study Alchemy Course Naydler, Jeremy. Shamanic Wisdom in the Pyramid Texts: The Mystical Tradition of Ancient Egypt. Inner Traditions: Vermont,
6 perceptual system of existence. This assertion is supported by myths, legends, and anthropological research. For example, in the Mesopotamian pantheon of gods, the god-head is composed of Anu, Enlil and Enki. Among these gods, Enki, who had dominion over Africa and the mining operation there, is credited with the creation of mankind. Along with his consort Ninharsag, Enki created man in a response to an attempted rebellion against Enlil due to harsh working conditions regarding the mining of gold. Mankind, as a primitive worker and who were called the Black-headed Ones were put to work in the gold mines as soon as they matured. As they increased in number they would assume more and more of the physical labors in the Abzu (southeast Africa). As the production of gold increased in Africa, the workload upon the Annunaki in Mesopotamia increased as well. As a result of this increase an appeal was made to Enki for the labor of the primitive workers. Enki refused Enlil, who held dominion in Mesopotamia, stage a raid on the mines in Africa in order to obtain the primitive workers. Aware of the impeding raid, the Annunaki in Africa placed these primitive workers in a fortified compound and readied for the attack. However, Enlil had weapons that broke through these fortifications. It is stated: With these weapons Enlil drove a hole through the fortifications. As the hole widened Primitive Workers were breaking out toward Enlil. He eyed the Black-headed Ones in fascination... Thereafter the Primitive Workers performed the manual tasks in both Lands: In the Land of the Mines they bore the work and suffered the toil : in Mesopotamia, with picks and spades they built gods houses, they built big canal banks: food they grew for the sustenance of the gods. 19 There are two points to be made here: (1) that the initial creator god of Africa, who in Mesopotamian mythology is called Enki, is synonymous with the god Ptah in Africa 20 ; and (2) that southeast Africa was the first regional home of mankind according to Mesopotamian mythology (which is said to be the oldest in the world). In Africa, Ptah is described as a dwarf deity and chief of nine earth spirits (Ptah plus eight spirit helpers) called Khnûmû 21, the modelers. As a dwarf or pygmy deity, Ptah 19 Sitchin, Zecharia. The War of Gods and Men: Book III of the Earth Chronicles. Avon Books: New York, According to the work of Charles Pope, Archeology of the Patriarchs, there was only one family of gods who were known by different names in different regions, especially between Mesopotamia and Africa. See Chapter Two A Single Mother and Two Families: < 21 Khnûmû, or Khnum is one of Egypt s earliest deities. Originally, he was the god of the source of the Nile River. Since the annual flooding of the Nile brought with it silt and clay, and its water brought life to its surrounds, he was thought to be the creator of the bodies of human children, which he made at a potter's wheel, from clay, and placed in their mothers' wombs. He later was described as having molded the other deities, and he had the titles Divine Potter and Lord of created things from himself... In art, he was usually depicted as a Ram-headed man at a potter's wheel, with recently created children's bodies standing on the wheel, although he also appeared in his earlier guise as a water-god, holding a jar from which flowed a stream of water. However, he occasionally appeared in a compound image, depicting the elements, in which he, representing water, was shown as one of four heads of a man, with the others being, Geb representing earth, Shu representing the air, and Osiris representing death. Some think this is a depiction which may have had an influence on Ezekiel and Revelations, as Khnum had a Ram's head, Shu sometimes appeared with a Lion's head, Osiris was a human, and Geb had a goose on his head... The worship of Khnum centred on two principal riverside sites, Elephantine Island and Esna, which were regarded as sacred sites. 6
7 is not only credited with the creation of mankind, but he also had the power to call into existence each thing he names, was the embodiment of mind from which all things emerge, and his ideas took material shape when he gave them expression. Ptah was also seen as "the mind and tongue of the gods", and the creator of other gods as well as of "all people, cattle, and reptiles", the sun, and the habitable world. 22 Essentially, Ptah was seen as the Master Architect of the Universe and Divine Blacksmith, and called the God of creation and rebirth, and patron of architects, designers, metal workers, builders, masons, craftsmen, and artists. 23 In short, Ptah was a god associated with all creative functions. In the Old Kingdom of Egypt, Ptah was established as the patron deity of Memphis, and one of ancestral gods, who were summarized in the Divine Pygmy, Bes. 24 The Egyptian deity Bes: associated with domestic matters, as well as laughter, dancing and general merrymaking. He is seen a pygmy shaman, complete with ceremonial dress of animal hide and feathers. 25 Bes was a popular god among the Egyptian people, who worshipped him as a god of pleasure, music, mirth, and dance; and was depicted wearing the feathers like the Egyptian deity Shu, having cat-like features, adorned in a leopard s skin like the Sem priests, and carrying a musical instrument. Bes also had a war-like function in which he was represented with sword, shield, and wearing a military tunic. For the ancient Egyptians, Bes also symbolizes their ancestral gods, whom the Egyptians At Elephantine, he was worshipped alongside Anuket and Satis as the guardian of the source of the River Nile. His significance led to early theophoric names of him, for children, such as Khnum-khufwy Khnum is my Protector, the full name of Khufu, builder of the Great Pyramid. Due to his importance, as an aspect of the life-giving Nile, and also the creator, Khnum was still worshipped in some semi-christian sects in the second or third centuries. [SOURCE: < 22 Mackenzie, Donald. Egyptian Myths and Legends. < 23 PTAH - PTEH PETEH, Sept. 14 th, 2007 < 24 Hallet, Jean-Pierre. Pygmy Kitabu. Random House: New York, [SOURCE]: < 7
8 identified with the pygmies who lived in the Land of the Spirits. According Egyptian history, their creator-god not only created the universe and fathered their ancestors, but walked among them as well. At some point, the God retired from the earth and was replaced by god-kings incarnate, and demigods until the advent of the Egyptian Pharaoh Menes. It was these Egyptian ancestors before Menes that the ancient Egyptian summarized in into Bes. One of the main facets of shamanism is the inclusion and identification with various animals. Animal associations are not only encoded into Egyptian images and hieroglyphs, but Bes is presented with cat-like features and abilities. According to Hallet, who lived with the African pygmies for more than ten years, he states: The pygmies admire cats as cleaver, alert, freedom-loving hunters, who in these respects resemble Pygmies. Like the Pygmies, the cat has sharp-sighted, large and very beautiful eyes...[they have] extraordinary eyesight... do not suffer from color blindness and have the keenness vision of any living human. Their minds are also very keen: to use a favorite Efé phrase, Pygmies are cleaver as a cat. 26 This feeling of spiritual and intellectual kinship is also seen in their symbolism of their clan emblem of the leopard that is also a symbolic representation of their ancestors. This symbology was also represented in ancient Egypt by a wingedhead of a man on the back of a leopard. In a description of the symbology of this symbol, Hallet states that the head represents the intelligence of man, the wings the swift flight of a bird, and the body the strength and lithe motions of the leopard. The point here, in this brief paper, is to point to the origin of healing and its techniques, the ancestral origins of the Egyptians, and to the indigenous people of Africa. Regarding this latter issue, when you begin to examine the origins of words, you will find that the term Bes ( bs ) means to initiate, to reveal, and implied secret. Thus, the "secret of secrets" in ancient Africa was associated with the deity or "Bes, the Chief Deity of the Pygmies. The point here is that there is something even deeper than the Pygmies. To Be Continued Hallet, Jean-Pierre. Pygmy Kitabu. Random House: New York,
Context. I. The Stone Age. A. Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age)
The Ancient World Context I. The Stone Age A. Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age) - Beyond 1 million BCE (Before Common Era) - Hunter and Gatherer - Discovered fire, clothing, basic techniques for hunting
More informationThe Gift of Ancient Africa By Roger L. Asterilla, Sr. 4/22/2009
The Gift of Ancient Africa By Roger L. Asterilla, Sr. 4/22/2009 My experience in Egypt was eye-opening, to say the least. As a culture, Egypt is unique in that it is protected by desert on either side
More informationExploring Religions and Cultures Dr Àngels Trias i Valls 2009
Shamanism Exploring Religions and Cultures Dr Àngels Trias i Valls 2009 Definitions of Shamanism Shamanism as a social practice, technique (not as a religion) that speaks for many different phenomena Origin:
More informationAncient Frequencies:
Michael Jacobson Globe Institute, 2012 Ancient Frequencies: The Indigenous use of Music & Sound for healing around the World. Since time immemorial throughout the world, all peoples have known of the power
More informationWelcome to the Ancient Civilizations 70 s Dance Party!
Welcome to the Ancient Civilizations 70 s Dance Party! Ancient Civilizations 70 s Dance Party! We need 2 Big Groups and 2 small groups (The Movers & the Shakers) within the big group. Form 2 lines that
More informationANCIENT PERIOD. RIVER CIVILIZATIONS
ANCIENT PERIOD. RIVER CIVILIZATIONS MESOPOTAMIA. (THE LAND BETWEEN RIVERS) Mesopotamia WHEN and WHERE? Between the years 3,000 and 539 BC. The land between the rivers Euphrates and Tigris in the Persian
More informationTopic Page: Nut (Egyptian deity) Keeping chaos at bay. The mother of all gods. https://search.credoreference.com/content/topic/nut_egyptian_deity
Topic Page: Nut (Egyptian deity) Summary Article: NUT from Gods, Goddesses, and Mythology In ancient Egypt the goddess Nut was known as mother sky. Her body was both the day and the night sky, and the
More informationName: Period 1: 8000 B.C.E. 600 B.C.E.
Chapter 1: Before History Chapter 2: Early Societies in Southwest Asia and the Indo-European Migrations Chapter 3: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations 1. Richard Leakey wrote, "Humans are
More informationIn the Beginning. Creation Myths Hinduism Buddhism
In the Beginning Creation Myths Hinduism Buddhism In the second millennium BCE (2000 BCE) Indus valley cities disappeared. A series of invasions by Aryan people who introduced Sancrit, (the language of
More informationFinal Exam Study Guide. Name. A map that shows the landscape features of a place such as mountains, rivers, and lakes
Final Exam Study Guide Name Key Vocabulary- Definition Vocabulary Word 1. The part of a map that shows the meaning of the symbols map key 2. A map that shows the landscape features of a place such as mountains,
More informationTHE FIRST CIVILIZATIONS. Chapter 1, Section 1 Glencoe World History Modern Times
THE FIRST CIVILIZATIONS Chapter 1, Section 1 Glencoe World History Modern Times Ancient Mesopotamia Main Idea: In ancient Mesopotamia, city-states elaborated the concept of the law code and divine kingship
More informationTHE THE SPHINX. The origin of the sphinx idea seems to have come originally. "The sphinx of the Egyptian had little in common with the BY THE EDITOR.
THE THE SPHINX. BY THE EDITOR. sphinx has become to us an emblem" of an unsolvable problem. Indeed we often mean by it the problem of problems, the riddle of the universe. In ancient history we find the
More informationDevelopment and Interaction of Cultures (CUL) Early Civilizations
Development and Interaction of Cultures (CUL) Early Civilizations Mesopotamia Culture (Religion) Polytheistic Believed the gods controlled the natural forces around them Priests explained the gods will
More informationGod Sent Plagues on Egypt; God Passed Over Israel
Scripture lesson 22 LESSON PREPARATION This section is for you, the teacher. The passages in the Scripture Reference column are for your own study in preparing for this lesson. Since they may contain concepts
More informationFull file at Test Item File
Test Item File CHAPTER 1: Religious Responses Fill in the blank 1. The word religion probably means to. ANSWER: tie back or to tie again 2. What common goal do all religions share?. ANSWER: Tying people
More informationThe Gods And Goddesses Of Olympus
The Gods And Goddesses Of Olympus 1 / 6 2 / 6 3 / 6 The Gods And Goddesses Of The ancient Egyptians believed in many different gods and goddesses. Each one with their own role to play in maintaining peace
More informationThe Nile River flows North
Ancient Egypt The Nile River The Nile River Egyptian civilization began along the Nile River the Nile is the longest river in the world (4,145 miles!) it begins in central Africa, and flows North, emptying
More informationThis is copyrighted material
June 2010 ISBN 978-0-8356-0853-4 $16.95 pb 6x9 272 pages THE POWER OF STORY God made man because He loved stories. Elie Wiesel What are you doing here? As we just discussed in the chapter on Incarnation,
More informationHealing the Healers. Richenel Ansano
Full book available on Kindle for $7.50 14 Healing the Healers Richenel Ansano Richenel Ansano is a healer from the island of Curacao in the Caribbean and much involved in the labor of healing the healers.
More informationFull file at https://fratstock.eu
Points to emphasize CHAPTER 2: TRIBAL RELIGIONS KEY POINTS Most of our understanding of the religion of earliest humans is based upon inferences from archaeology. There are several common themes found
More informationRoger on Buddhist Geeks
Roger on Buddhist Geeks BG 172: The Core of Wisdom http://www.buddhistgeeks.com/2010/05/bg-172-the-core-of-wisdom/ May 2010 Episode Description: We re joined again this week by professor and meditation
More informationShamanic Journeying Tips
Shamanic Journeying Tips Shamanism is not a religion or a credo, and can be used in conjunction with any spiritual background. It is a process of direct revelation, one in which you are given direct answers
More informationAboriginal Spirituality, Symbolism, & Rituals
Aboriginal Spirituality, Symbolism, & Rituals Aboriginal Spirituality Aboriginal Peoples did not all follow one particular religion Certain beliefs were widespread among different groups Beliefs and traditions
More informationEgyptian Social Structure By USHistory.org 2016
Name: Class: Egyptian Social Structure By USHistory.org 2016 Ancient Egypt was composed of several social classes, ranging from lives lived in slavery to positions of absolute power. The following text
More informationThe African Story of Creation
So it was in the Beginning, so Shall it be at the End... Gonondo Sheila Mbele-Khama 2014 To African or Egyptians or Kemets, the journey began with the creation of the world and the universe out of darkness
More informationKey Concept 2.1. Define DIASPORIC COMMUNITY.
Key Concept 2.1 As states and empires increased in size and contacts between regions intensified, human communities transformed their religious and ideological beliefs and practices. I. Codifications and
More informationCreation Answers. In this issue... Who does this newsletter?
Creation Answers Creation Education Materials, P.O. Box 153402, Irving, TX 75015-3402 Who does this newsletter? This newsletter is produced by Wayne Spencer on a Quarterly basis. Its purpose is to bring
More informationCHAPTER 2: WESTERN ASIA & EGYPT B.C.
CHAPTER 2: WESTERN ASIA & EGYPT 3500-500 B.C. CIVILIZATION BEGINS IN MESOPOTAMIA Chapter 2: Section 1 Civilization in Mesopotamia Begins Main Ideas Mesopotamia, one one of of the the first first civilizations,
More informationThings Fall Apart. Introduction and Background to African Literature
Things Fall Apart Introduction and Background to African Literature !! Turning and turning in the widening gyre The falcon cannot hear the falconer; Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; Mere anarchy
More informationSHAMANISM IRELAND. Course Programme 2019 COURSES, WORKSHOPS, AND EVENTS CELEBRATING IRELAND S SHAMANIC TRADITIONS IN A UNIQUE SETTING
SHAMANISM IRELAND Course Programme 2019 COURSES, WORKSHOPS, AND EVENTS CELEBRATING IRELAND S SHAMANIC TRADITIONS IN A UNIQUE SETTING MARTIN DUFFY MIAHIP, MIACP, EAP Transpersonal Psychotherapist and Shamanic
More informationSLAVE SPECIES OF GOD BY MICHAEL TELLINGER DOWNLOAD EBOOK : SLAVE SPECIES OF GOD BY MICHAEL TELLINGER PDF
Read Online and Download Ebook SLAVE SPECIES OF GOD BY MICHAEL TELLINGER DOWNLOAD EBOOK : SLAVE SPECIES OF GOD BY MICHAEL TELLINGER PDF Click link bellow and free register to download ebook: SLAVE SPECIES
More informationWorld religions. Comparing and contrasting Hinduism and Christianity. Introduction
World religions Comparing and contrasting Hinduism and Christianity Introduction The topic of world s faiths and religions brings to mind a lot to be spoken about. The World today is characterized by people
More informationEzekiel 30. (2014) The Bible not only reveals God s eternal plans purposes and promises. But also shows how you can know God for yourself.
Welcome to: - Bible House of Grace. God, through His Son Jesus, provides eternal grace for our failures and human limitations. Ezekiel 30. (2014) The Bible not only reveals God s eternal plans purposes
More informationCentral Beliefs and Morality
Central Beliefs and Morality In the Judeo-Christian tradition, the power that pervades all creation is called wisdom in the Old Testament (Proverbs 8:22 30). Wisdom is seen as a power present when God
More informationWatch and Learn Take notes over the following social classes as you watch the following videos Pharaoh. Government Officials and Priests.
DUE 12/12/18 Name: Lesson Three: Egyptian Society 6.17 Develop a visual representation of the structure of Egyptian society including the role of the pharaoh as god/king, the concept of dynasties, the
More informationSocial: classes, status, hierarchy, gender, population (demography)
Social: classes, status, hierarchy, gender, population (demography) Political: authority, laws, military Religious: creation, death, the supernatural, faith, morality, priesthood, places of worship, scriptures
More informationAP World History Mid-Term Exam
AP World History Mid-Term Exam 1) Why did the original inhabitants of Australia not develop agriculture? 2) Know why metal tools were preferred over stone tools? 3) Know how the earliest civilizations
More informationIndia Notes. The study of Ancient India includes 3 time periods:
India Notes The Indian Civilization The study of Ancient India includes 3 time periods: Indian Geography The 1 st Indian Civilization began along the River now located in the country of. Many people know
More informationConnections: A World History (Judge/Langdon) Chapter 2 Early Societies of West Asia and North Africa, to 500 B.C.E.
Connections: A World History (Judge/Langdon) Chapter 2 Early Societies of West Asia and North Africa, to 500 B.C.E. 2.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) What geographical conditions contributed to the rise
More informationOpener - According to the text what 3 things should you know by the end of Chapter 1?
LOG ONTO EMAIL TEXTBOOK CLASS WEB PAGE Opener - According to the text what 3 things should you know by the end of Chapter 1? (Hint see the Chapter Opener page) Origins, development, and achievements of
More informationTHE PENTATEUCH II: EXODUS
THE PENTATEUCH II: EXODUS WEEK 2 Patrick Reeder October 1, 2015 OUTLINE Themes Sub-Themes Message to Egypt and the Nations Apologia THEMES SUB-THEMES OUTLINE Themes Sub-Themes Message to Egypt and the
More informationMythology. Teacher Edition. Written by Rebecca Stark Illustrated by Karen Birchak and Nelsy Fontalvo
Mythology Teacher Edition TM Written by Rebecca Stark Illustrated by Karen Birchak and Nelsy Fontalvo Table of Contents TO THE TEACHER...4 What Is Mythology?...5 6 Mythology of the Ancient Greeks...7 26
More informationSHAMANISM IRELAND. Course Programme 2017 COURSES, WORKSHOPS, AND EVENTS CELEBRATING IRELAND S SHAMANIC TRADITIONS IN A UNIQUE SETTING.
SHAMANISM IRELAND Course Programme 2017 COURSES, WORKSHOPS, AND EVENTS CELEBRATING IRELAND S SHAMANIC TRADITIONS IN A UNIQUE SETTING. MARTIN DUFFYFY MIAHIP, MIACP, EAP Transpersonal Psychotherapist and
More informationAncient History Review. How much do you remember from 6th grade?
Ancient History Review How much do you remember from 6th grade? Early Humans Early humans were hunter-gatherers. They relied on animals and plants for food. They moved constantly in search of their food.
More informationMauryan, Kūshan, &Gupta Empire India
Mauryan, Kūshan, &Gupta Empire India Background Indus Valley Civilization (Harappan) 2 Major Cities: Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro 2 Major Rivers: Indus & Ganges River Seasonal monsoons brought water to crops
More informationIllustrative Examples - Unit 1
Illustrative Examples - Unit 1 Complete your chart using the information provided in this document. Other acceptable sources are: -Traditions and Encounters -The Earth and Its People - Textbook located
More informationHEBREW: DOOR or PICTURE (4) Letter Dalet
HEBREW: DOOR or PICTURE (4) Letter Dalet DALET The fourth Hebrew letter is Dalet, pictured at right. The Hebrew picture for Dalet is Door. The character is interesting in that the bar at the top is thick,
More informationThe Prosperity of the Han
The Prosperity of the Han The unification of China by the Qin state in 221 BCE created a model of imperial governance. Although the Qin dynasty collapsed shortly thereafter due to its overly harsh rule
More informationUnit II: The River Valley Civilizations (3500 B.C.E. 450 B.C.E.)
Name Unit II: The River Valley Civilizations (3500 B.C.E. 450 B.C.E.) Big Idea: During the New Stone Age, permanent settlements appeared in the river valleys and around the Fertile Crescent. River Valleys
More informationBeowulf: Introduction ENGLISH 12
Beowulf: Introduction ENGLISH 12 Epic Poetry The word "epic" comes from the Greek meaning "tale." It is a long narrative poem which deals with themes and characters of heroic proportions. Primary epics
More informationDifferentiated Lessons
Differentiated Lessons Ancient History & Prehistory Ancient history is the study of the history of the first civilizations that wrote and kept records. Of course, people had been living in communities
More informationMakota Valdina Pinto: Candomblé Cosmology and Environmental Education (from a 2002 lecture at the Iliff School of Theology)
Makota Valdina Pinto: Candomblé Cosmology and Environmental Education (from a 2002 lecture at the Iliff School of Theology) Translated and edited by Rachel E. Harding One thing I'ʹd like to share today
More informationIn Search of the Self: Eastern versus Western Perspectives
Oglethorpe Journal of Undergraduate Research Volume 1 Issue 1 Article 1 2012 In Search of the Self: Eastern versus Western Perspectives Derek C. Wolter Oglethorpe University, dwolter@oglethorpe.edu Follow
More informationMesopotamia. Objective: To have students acquire knowledge about Mesopotamian civilizations
Mesopotamia Objective: To have students acquire knowledge about Mesopotamian civilizations River Valleys Two important rivers that were important to the daily lives of the Mesopotamian civilizations: The
More informationWhat is Civilization?
What is Civilization? A large group of people with a defined and well organized culture who share certain things in common: Political- common established government Social- common cultural elements like
More informationThe Battle of the Gods Exodus 7-12
The Battle of the Gods Exodus 7-12 Exodus 12:12 For I will pass through the land of Egypt on that night, and will strike all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and against all the
More informationHimalayan Shamanic Reiki
Himalayan Shamanic Reiki What this reiki is for: success spiritual protection powerful healing insight The Call: I would ask you to breathe slowly and let yourself imagine a stroll among the woods of the
More informationfrom A New Earth, by Eckhart Tolle Enlightenment, Evolution, Beauty, Spirit
from A New Earth, by Eckhart Tolle Faculty / Adults Enlightenment, Evolution, Beauty, Spirit Introduce this seminar by describing the human need for meaning and connection. Acknowledge that schooling has
More informationHoly Land: The Rise of Three Faiths
Holy Land: The Rise of Three Faiths By National Geographic, adapted by Newsela staff on 09.26.17 Word Count 1,389 Level 1040L The Old City of Jerusalem contains some of the holiest sites in Judaism, Christianity
More informationDescribe the geography of each civilization Identify the five characteristics for each civ. Compare and contrast each civ.
Describe the geography of each civilization Identify the five characteristics for each civ. Compare and contrast each civ. The 1 st Civilization on Earth Located between and around the Euphrates and Tigris
More informationSerpents in Art and Religion
Laval University From the SelectedWorks of Fathi Habashi 2017 Serpents in Art and Religion Fathi Habashi Available at: https://works.bepress.com/fathi_habashi/ 244/ Serpent in Art and Religion Fathi Habashi
More informationWORLDVIEW. Walking Together: First Nations, Métis and Inuit Perspectives in Curriculum. Excerpt from Aboriginal Perspectives
WORLDVIEW : First Nations, Métis and Inuit Perspectives in Curriculum FNMI Worldviews WORLDVIEW In the language of the Wapisiana people in Guyana, South America, there is no word for sorry. For example,
More informationUnit 2 : First Civilizations Africa and Asia
Unit 2 : First Civilizations Africa and Asia Chapter: 2 Essential Questions 1) In what ways do civilizations better themselves? 2) What are possible results when civilizations come into contact with each
More informationBuddhism in Tibet PART 2. p Buddhist Art
Buddhism in Tibet PART 2 p. 41-66 Buddhist Art Part one of the lecture stopped at the influence of China on Tibetan art. A purely Tibetan direction, with Esoteric Buddhism, combined the already existing
More informationName: Period: Date: The African Literary Tradition Notes B.C B.C B.C B.C. 5. A.D
Name: Period: Date: The African Literary Tradition Notes Timeline 1. 2500 B.C. 2. 1580-1350 B.C. 3. 1200 B.C. 4. 430 B.C. 5. A.D. 200 6. 600 7. 1200 8. Late 1800s 9. The Greek historian, called Egypt the
More informationThe Shamanism Magazine
A Free Article from The Shamanism Magazine You may share this article in any non-commercial way but reference to www.sacredhoop.org must be made if it is reprinted anywhere. (Please contact us via email
More informationIn this very interesting book, Bernard Knapp outlines the chronology of man s history,
The History and Culture of Ancient Western Asia and Egypt By Bernard Knapp A Book Review By Ann Yonan-200 In this very interesting book, Bernard Knapp outlines the chronology of man s history, beginning
More informationThe Alternate Jesus. Part 5 Books of Ancient Wisdom. By Rolf A. F. Witzsche 2013 Published by Cygni Communications Ltd. Canada
The Alternate Jesus Part 5 Books of Ancient Wisdom By Rolf A. F. Witzsche 2013 Published by Cygni Communications Ltd. Canada Click on the images for a larger view Extremely little is known about humanity's
More informationGuide to Responding. Reading Quiz for Lynn White, Jr. s The Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crisis
Guide to Responding Reading Quiz for Lynn White, Jr. s The Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crisis Please note that the answer guide below includes some thoughts on ways of responding to the quiz questions.
More informationMiddle East Regional Review
Middle East Regional Review Foundations-600 BCE Paleolithic (Old Stone Age)- to about 10,000 years ago Nomadic, Hunter-Gatherers Adapted to environment- use of fire, developed stone tools Summarize the
More informationShamanism: A Practice for Healing and Guidance
Shamanism: A Practice for Healing and Guidance Sandra Ingerman, MA Shamanism is a universal spiritual practice that was gifted to humans over 100,000 years ago by helping, compassionate spirits who volunteered
More informationZeitgeist (Part 1), another new age stunt
Zeitgeist (Part 1), another new age stunt Zeitgeist means Spirit of the Age in German. The basic theme of part 1 of the film is that there is no historical truth in the Bible and that Christianity is used
More informationUNIVERSITY OF TORONTO REGIS COLLEGE
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO REGIS COLLEGE TO WHAT EXTENT MUST THE RELIGION OF THE ANCESTORS BE DIFFERENTIATED FROM THAT OF THE OFFICIAL POLYTHEISMS OF MESOPOTAMIA? RGB1005HS ONLINE INTRODUCTION TO THE OLD TESTAMENT
More informationINTRODUCTION TO GENESIS
S E S S I O N T H R E E INTRODUCTION TO GENESIS I. THEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND The book of Genesis appears as the first book in the canon of Scripture. Most conservative scholars follow the commonly accepted
More informationOccasionally though, China did get invaded from the north and west. Yellow River (a.k.a. River)
China s Geography China was geographically from most of the rest of the world, so it developed without too much interference from the rest of the world. China was protected by the on one side, and desert
More informationChapter 2: First Civilizations- Africa and Asia
Chapter 2: First Civilizations- Africa and Asia Section 1: Section 2: Section 3: Section 4: Section 5: Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile Egyptian Civilization City-States of Ancient Sumer Invaders, Traders,
More informationON this occasion, the exhibition entitled The Lotus Sutra A Message
From the symposium in Spain to commemorate the exhibition The Lotus Sutra A Message of Peace and Harmonious Coexistence Message on the Exhibition Daisaku Ikeda ON this occasion, the exhibition entitled
More informationWorld History (Survey) Chapter 1: People and Ideas on the Move, 3500 B.C. 259 B.C.
World History (Survey) Chapter 1: People and Ideas on the Move, 3500 B.C. 259 B.C. Section 1: Indo-European Migrations While some peoples built civilizations in the great river valleys, others lived on
More informationwere born, as many as the stars of heaven and as the innumerable grains of sand by the seashore.
St. John s United Church Sunday Service November 3, 2013 Scripture: Hebrews 11:1 12:3 Readers: Allan Collier, Beth Bennett and Nick Massey Reflection: Rev. Beverley Tracey SCRIPTURE READING: Hebrews 11
More informationHarper College ANT Introduction to Anthropology Fall Semester 2010
Harper College ANT 101-001 Introduction to Anthropology Fall Semester 2010 Instructor: Patricia Hamlen, MA Associate Professor of Anthropology Class: Mondays and Wednesdays: 8:30 to 9:45 a.m. Office hours:
More informationComplete Course List Offered by the Apple Branch
COURSE A Devotional Year with the Four Faces of Athena African Shamanism Angrboða and Her Monster Children Annym Billagh Anthropology of Shamanism As Above So Below - Cauldrons of Poesy Awakening to the
More informationLesson 4 Moses He received God s Word Does God speak to you? Yes. God speaks to anyone who will give Him opportunity. Of course we use the word speak
2 Lesson 4 Moses He received God s Word Does God speak to you? Yes. God speaks to anyone who will give Him opportunity. Of course we use the word speak to mean communicate or get into contact with. This
More informationAncient India. Section Notes Geography and Early India Origins of Hinduism Origins of Buddhism Indian Empires Indian Achievements
Ancient India Section Notes Geography and Early India Origins of Hinduism Origins of Buddhism Indian Empires Indian Achievements History Close-up Life in Mohenjo Daro Quick Facts The Varnas Major Beliefs
More informationCENTRE OF BUDDHIST STUDIES
CENTRE OF BUDDHIST STUDIES The Buddhist Studies minor is an academic programme aimed at giving students a broad-based education that is both coherent and flexible and addresses the relation of Buddhism
More informationwho we re becoming as humans 10,000 years from now. The memories from the past are available to the Laika who taps into that vast reservoir of
The Munay-Ki Munay-Ki comes from a Quechua word that means I love you. The Munay-Ki are the nine rites of initiation to become a person of wisdom and power. The rites are common to all shamanic traditions,
More informationLecture 12: Middle Kingdom
Lecture 12: Middle Kingdom HIST 213 Spring 2012 Middle Kingdom (2040-1720 BCE) Resurgence of Centralization Thebes Power of the King strong military ability dispenses justice Dispute of a Man with his
More informationName: # Block. Egyptian art
Name: # Block Egyptian art 1Vocabulary 2 Notetaking Guide- Introduction 3 Notetaking Guide- Religious Beliefs 4 Notetaking Guide- Characteristics of Egyptian Art 5 Notetaking Guide- Architecture 6 Egyptian
More information1. To play the role of God and have people worship him. He will sit in the temple of God displaying himself as being God (2 Thessalonians 2:4).
The Coming One World Religion - Part 1 By Jim Simmons A one-world religion is developing rapidly, and it will be an all-encompassing religion. Satan will energize this one-world religion and work through
More informationDesign of applied and decorative art elements based on the example of Nanai shaman's culture
HOSTED BY Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Pacific Science Review 16 (2014) 140e147 www.elsevier.com/locate/pscr Design of applied and decorative art elements based on the example
More informationVictoria Lodge of Education and Research 650 Fisgard St, Victoria, B.C. Canada
Victoria Lodge of Education and Research 650 Fisgard St, Victoria, B.C. Canada The Language of Signs W. Bro. Patrick Harriott A sign is an act or gesture used to convey an idea, a desire, information,
More informationThe Ancient Path Adam and Eve are driven from the Garden of Eden (Genesis 3:22-24)
Thus says the Lord: Stand by the roads, and look, and ask for the ancient paths,where the good way is; and walk in it, and find rest for your souls. Jeremiah 6:16a Introduction In many Western countries
More informationThe Ancient Celts and Their Spirituality. Thomas Egan Presented at Unity Church of the Lehigh Valley November 12, 2017
The Ancient Celts and Their Spirituality Thomas Egan Presented at Unity Church of the Lehigh Valley November 12, 2017 1 The Celts were the first true pan-european civilization Per the late anthropologist
More informationWarmup. What does Islam mean? Submission to the will of Allah
Warmup What does Islam mean? Submission to the will of Allah Agenda Warmup Is this in Africa? Game PPT & Notes Test = November 29 th (after Thanksgiving) Homework: Mongol Empire Notes PPT is on my website
More informationOLD TESTAMENT SURVEY. Exodus/Leviticus
OLD TESTAMENT SURVEY Exodus/Leviticus REVIEW What is the Pentateuch? Who wrote it? How is Genesis divided? What is an important concept in Genesis? EXODUS God is ACTIVE in the Exodus each plague targets
More informationInterview with a Ruesi
Interview with a Ruesi Laura Covington, CMT with Tevijjo Yogi In this past year I have been graced with the friendship and guidance of Tevijjo Yogi and was recently invited to interview him about the Reusi
More informationDaily Life Of The Egyptian Gods By Dimitri Meeks READ ONLINE
Daily Life Of The Egyptian Gods By Dimitri Meeks READ ONLINE One of the most important deities in Egyptian mythology, the sun god Ra (or Re) was the supreme power in the universe. The giver of life, he
More informationPriestess Mentoring Program
The Apple Branch A Dianic Tradition Priestess Mentoring Program From the Branch Contents Introduction... 3 Level One... 5 Level Two... 6 Level Three... 7 Hiving... 8 Introduction The women of the Apple
More informationName: Period 1: 8000 B.C.E. 600 B.C.E.
Chapter 4: Early Societies in South Asia Chapter 5: Early Society in Mainland East Asia Chapter 6: Early Societies in the Americas and Oceania 1. In the Rig Veda, the following lines relate to the sacrifice
More information8 th Grade Social Studies Mid-term Review Sheet Midterm on February 26 th, 2015
8 th Grade Social Studies Mid-term Review Sheet Midterm on February 26 th, 2015 Name Answer Key The Midterm will cover information regarding the following units: Early Hominids, Ancient Mesopotamia, Ancient
More informationBELL- RINGER GRAB A BOOK & FINISH GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS (DUE TODAY)
BELL- RINGER GRAB A BOOK & FINISH GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS (DUE TODAY) 8/9 GROUP WORK 1. What similarities exist between these civilizations? 2. What impacts do these civilizations have on our own culture? ----THIS
More information