The Nation Expands. Imagination and the Individual: American Romanticism KEY CONCEPTS. Differences Threaten National Unity

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "The Nation Expands. Imagination and the Individual: American Romanticism KEY CONCEPTS. Differences Threaten National Unity"

Transcription

1 Imagination and the Individual: American Romanticism By the beginning of the nineteenth century, Americans had forged an independent nation, but they had not yet created their own cultural identity. A new generation of writers, who called themselves Romantics and Transcendentalists, created a new kind of literature that emphasized imagination, feeling, individualism, and enthusiasm for nature. In many ways this literature reflected the optimism of American society at the time and defined the way we still view ourselves today. KEY CONCEPTS The Nation Expands New Ideas Take Root Differences Threaten National Unity History of the Times The United States rapidly expanded westward after the Louisiana Purchase in A spirit of nationalism took hold as America grew and prospered. Industrialization and new waves of immigration caused cities to become overcrowded and polluted as conditions worsened. Literature of the Times During the Romantic period, a new national literature developed. Romanticism, unlike rationalism, valued feelings over reason and logic, the power of imagination and the individual spirit, and the beauty of the natural world. History of the Times Inspired by an awakening of intellectual and religious fervor, American reformers worked to improve society. They fought for better education, humane prisons, women's rights, the abolition of slavery, improved factory conditions, and other social reforms. Literature of the Times An idealistic form of Romanticism, called Transcendentalism, sought to transcend, or go beyond, ordinary life through spiritual experiences in nature. Transcendentalists believed that to discover truth, one must transcend or see beyond the physical world and seek out the ideal world. History of the Times Despite progress and prosperity, the United States felt the pull of conflicts over slavery, sectional differences, and economics. These struggles laid the groundwork for the Civil War. Friction with Native Americans also became a troubling issue as white settlers encroached on native lands. Literature of the Times Another group of writers, known as Dark Romantics, explored the conflict between good and evil, the effects of guilt, and the dark underside of appearances. Unlike other Romantics, these writers did not believe that the spiritual truths found in nature are all harmless and good. KEY CONCEPT The Nation Expands History of the Times The size of the United States doubled at the beginning of the nineteenth century. When the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 added land between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains, a new era of westward expansion began. Routes such as the Santa Fe Trail and the Oregon Trail brought a flood of settlers to the West a mass migration that intensified with the Gold Rush of Thousands of

2 Americans picked up and headed west, lured by dreams of wealth after gold was discovered at Sutter's Mill in California. At the same time, a nationalist 1 spirit flourished in America, reflecting an optimistic belief in the nation's progress. The Industrial Revolution was changing the way people worked and lived. Americans saw what they could produce with the help of machines such as steam engines and mills. Transportation, communication, and commerce would never be the same. America was on the move. With the rise of industry, cities became grimy, and the arrival of new immigrants caused overcrowding. By 1840, the U.S. population had grown to 17.1 million, up from 5.3 million in In New York alone, the population doubled between 1820 and In large eastern cities like New York, Boston, and Philadelphia, teeming tenements sprang up, while disease and crime made survival difficult. Literature of the Times The Romantic movement was in large part a reaction to rationalism. Romanticism provided expression for the discontent arising from the Industrial Revolution, which sought progress at all costs. To rationalists, such as Benjamin Franklin, cities represented progress, economic success, and selfrealization. To Romantic writers, the city was often a place of immorality, corruption, and death. The characteristic Romantic journey was to the countryside, which Romantics associated with independence, moral clarity, and healthful living. Romanticism was in many ways an appropriate vision for a nation expanding quickly toward new frontiers. Comprehension Check How did the United States expand both geographically and culturally during the early nineteenth century? Fast Facts Political and Social Highlights Rapid growth of industrialization, education, transportation, and cities transforms society. Numerous reform movements, centered in New England, seek to improve social conditions. Discontent over slavery intensifies as the abolitionist movement gains momentum. Literary Highlights Romantic writings, such as Washington Irving s The Sketch Book (1820), look to feeling and imagination to reveal higher truths. Ralph Waldo Emerson s first collection of essays (1841) discusses Transcendentalist thought. Edgar Allan Poe, an influential Gothic writer, publishes The Raven and Other Poems in KEY CONCEPT New Ideas Take Root

3 Girls' Evening School (c. 1840) by unidentified artist, American. Graphite pencil and watercolor on paper, cm (13 1/2" 18 1/16"). Photograph 2009 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. History of the Times An era of reform took hold in the first half of the nineteenth century. In 1826, the Lyceum movement began in Millbury, Massachusetts. Lyceum organizations pursued a number of goals, including educating adults, training teachers, establishing museums, and instituting social reforms. The reform movement was also centered in New England. Horace Mann fought to improve public education. Dorothea Dix sought to relieve the horrible conditions in institutions for people with mental illnesses. William Lloyd Garrison and other abolitionists struggled to put an end to slavery. Feminists such as Elizabeth Peabody, Margaret Fuller, and Emma Willard campaigned for women's rights. The abounding interest in social causes stirred up ideas both reasonable and crackpot. Numerous utopian projects plans for creating a more perfect society were developed. In 1840, Ralph Waldo Emerson wryly remarked that every man who could read had plans in his pocket for a new community. Emerson was speaking from personal experience, for he was a member of one of the most influential of these idealistic groups, the Transcendentalists. Literature of the Times At the heart of America s optimism and coming-of-age were a group of Romantics called the Transcendentalists, led by Ralph Waldo Emerson. Transcendentalism refers to the idea that in determining the ultimate reality of God, the universe, the self, and other important matters, one must transcend, or go beyond, everyday human experience in the physical world. For Emerson, Transcendentalism was not a new philosophy but the very oldest of thoughts cast into the mold of these new times. That oldest of thoughts was idealism, which had already been explained by the Greek philosopher Plato in the fourth century B.C. Idealists said that true reality was found in ideas rather than in the world as perceived by the senses. Idealists sought the permanent reality that underlies physical appearances. The Americans who called themselves Transcendentalists were idealists but in a broader, more practical sense. Like many Americans today, they also believed in human perfectibility, and they worked to achieve this goal. Though Emerson was skeptical of many of the Transcendentalists ideas and projects, he was the most influential and best-known member of the group, largely because of his lectures and books. Emerson s view of the world sprang not from logic but from intuition. Intuition is our capacity to know things spontaneously and immediately through our emotions rather than our reasoning abilities. Intuitive thought the kind that Emerson believed in contrasts with the rational thinking of someone like Benjamin Franklin. Franklin did not gaze on nature and feel the presence of a Divine Soul; Franklin looked at nature and saw something to be examined scientifically and used to help humanity.

4 An intense feeling of optimism was one product of Emerson's belief that we can find God directly in nature. God is good, and God works through nature, Emerson believed. Therefore, even the events that seem most tragic disease, death, disaster can be explained on a spiritual level. Death is simply part of the cycle of life. According to Emerson, we are capable of evil because we are separated from a direct, intuitive knowledge of God. But if we simply trust ourselves that is, trust in the power each of us has to know God directly then we will realize that each of us is also part of the Divine Soul, the source of all good. Emerson's sense of optimism and hope appealed to audiences who lived in a period of economic downturns, regional strife, and conflict over slavery. Your condition today, Emerson seemed to tell his readers and listeners, may seem dull and hopeless, but it need not be. If you discover God within you, he suggested, your lives will partake of the grandeur of the universe. Comprehension Check How would reformers and writers in the Romantic Age describe an ideal society? Link to Today Factory Girl No record exists today of the name of this girl, who worked in a mill around Jack Naylor Collection. She was only ten years old and couldn't even reach the top of the loom, but Harriet Robinson was already a factory worker in a textile mill. In 1824, the mills of Lowell, Massachusetts, badly needed workers, and Harriet was one of many young girls who flocked to the factory for jobs. She worked there for fourteen years. Today, laws protect children under the age of fourteen from employment and entitle them to a free public education. In the early 1800s, however, children did not have these rights and protections. In the early nineteenth century, child labor was common in New England mill towns because the mills could hire unskilled children with the oversight of a supervisor. Like Harriet, some of the girls working in textile mills were as young as ten, although most were sixteen to twenty-five. Many were earning money to send a brother to school. Along with other young girls, Harriet was a "doffer." She doffed, or took off, bobbins full of yarn from the spinning frames and replaced them with empty bobbins. The girls earned two dollars a week and worked fourteen-hour days, though the younger girls worked only a portion of every hour. One of the first labor strikes in America occurred at Lowell in The strike, which protested a wage cut, was unsuccessful, but it marked the rise of a labor movement that led to better working conditions and wages for all. Over a century later, in 1938, a federal law was passed to limit child labor. Ask Yourself For most people, how is today's workplace different than it was in Harriet's time? KEY CONCEPT Differences Threaten National Unity History of the Times Despite the progress and optimism that marked the first half of the nineteenth century, the United States faced a number of challenges. In the forefront was the issue of slavery. Though most Northern states had abolished slavery by the early 1800s, the number of slaves in the South increased as cotton plantations spread throughout the region. After working for abolition in their own states, many antislavery activists in the North wanted to put an end to slavery everywhere.

5 By 1840, abolitionists had recruited some 200,000 supporters to their cause. In addition, many free African Americans began organizing to free their "brothers in chains." As Southern slaveholders felt increasingly threatened, violence against abolitionists rose. Discord over this issue eventually erupted into an armed conflict: the Civil War. Another challenge to peace and stability involved the treatment of Native Americans. In the early 1800s, many U.S. officials hoped that Native Americans would become farmers and blend into American society. Many Native Americans, particularly the Cherokee people, were forced to give up their way of life to take up farming and other livelihoods considered acceptable by the dominant white culture. However, these efforts to adopt the lifestyle of their white neighbors did not ease the prejudice that Native Americans encountered. Those who switched to farming found themselves viewed as competition for valuable land. In 1830, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, relocating Native Americans to territories now known as Oklahoma. The Cherokee were forcibly removed from their land. An estimated 4,000 Cherokee died on the 800-mile journey west that came to be known as the Trail of Tears. Comprehension Check What reaction did the Cherokee experience after making the transition to farming? Link to Today Environmental Pioneers When you hear the words "going green," you might not think of the nineteenth-century writers Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson, yet their deep respect for nature is at the very core of today's environmental movement. For Thoreau and Emerson, it all began with concerns about the impact of industrialization on the nature and society. Thoreau and Emerson continue to inspire today's conservation leaders and activists who seek to preserve a healthy environment, both for its own sake and for its part in the survival of humankind. As a result, you might see quotes like these from Thoreau or Emerson on a nature poster or brochure for a conservation group: "Behind nature, throughout nature, spirit is present." Emerson "In wildness is the preservation of the world." Thoreau Emerson and Thoreau may not have been out marching on behalf of endangered species, but their writings were among the earliest to call attention to the necessity of protecting America's natural treasures. Ask Yourself Explain in your own words what you think Emerson and Thoreau are saying in the quotations above. Do you think people today would find these slogans persuasive enough to change their attitudes? Why or why not?

6 Literature of the Times Emerson's idealism was exciting for his audiences, but not all the writers and thinkers of the time agreed with Transcendentalist thought. "To one who has weathered Cape Horn as a common sailor," Herman Melville wrote scornfully of Emerson's ideas, "what stuff all this is." Some think of Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, and Edgar Allan Poe as anti-transcendentalists, because their views of the world seem so profoundly opposed to the optimistic views of Emerson and his followers. But these Dark Romantics, as they are known, had much in common with the Transcendentalists. Both groups valued intuition over logic and reason. Both groups, like the Puritans before them, saw signs and symbols in all events. The Trail of Tears (1838) by Robert Lindneux. The Granger Collection, New York. The Dark Romantics felt that Emerson had taken the ecstatic, mystical 2 elements of Puritan thought and ignored Puritanism's dark side its emphasis on Original Sin, its sense of the innate wickedness of human beings, and its notions of predestination. 3 The Dark Romantics came along to correct the balance. In their works they explored the conflict between good and evil, the psychological effects of guilt and sin, and madness in the human psyche. Wrap Up Talk About... With a partner, list conflicts that developed as the United States expanded in the nineteenth century. Are there similar conflicts in this country today? Explain. Try to use each Academic Vocabulary word listed on the next page at least once in your discussion.

American Romanticism An Introduction

American Romanticism An Introduction American Romanticism 1800-1860 An Introduction Make five predictions about the stories we will read during the Romanticism Unit. Consider predicting: plot, conflict, character, setting Romantic Predictions

More information

Historical Context. Reaction to Rationalism 9/22/2015 AMERICAN ROMANTICISM & RENAISSANCE

Historical Context. Reaction to Rationalism 9/22/2015 AMERICAN ROMANTICISM & RENAISSANCE AMERICAN ROMANTICISM & RENAISSANCE 1820-1865 We will walk on our own feet; we will work with our own hands; we will speak our own minds. -Ralph Waldo Emerson O Nature! I do not aspire To be the highest

More information

REFORM. The Abolitionists

REFORM. The Abolitionists REFORM Day 2 The Abolitionists American History I Mr. Hensley SRMHS Life Under Slavery Growing: doubling to 2 million from 1810-30 1830: majority of slaves are American-born Most slaves (70%) are on large

More information

Religion, Intellectual Growth and Reform in Antebellum America

Religion, Intellectual Growth and Reform in Antebellum America http://www.learner.org/courses/amerhistory/units/8/video/ See first 23 minutes of video above for introduction to Religion, Intellectual Growth and Reform in Antebellum America http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t62fuzjvjos&list=pl8dpuualjxtmwmepbjtsg593eg7obzo7s&index=15

More information

Religion, Intellectual Growth and Reform in Antebellum America

Religion, Intellectual Growth and Reform in Antebellum America http://www.learner.org/courses/amerhistory/units/8/video/ See first 23 minutes of video above for introduction to Religion, Intellectual Growth and Reform in Antebellum America (Chapter 11) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t62fuzjvjos&list=pl8dpuualjxtmwmepbjtsg593eg7obzo7s&index=15

More information

CHAPTER 15 Reform And Culture,

CHAPTER 15 Reform And Culture, CHAPTER 15 Reform And Culture, 1790 1860 1. Religion (pp. 320 324) Note: Try to figure out why waves of evangelical religion periodically sweep over the country. The evangelical religious right makes up

More information

AP U.S. History Chapter 13 The Rise of Mass Democracy Reading Notes. Election of Candidates: - Issues: - Results: John Quincy Adams Presidency

AP U.S. History Chapter 13 The Rise of Mass Democracy Reading Notes. Election of Candidates: - Issues: - Results: John Quincy Adams Presidency Chapter 13 The Rise of Mass Democracy Election of 1824 - Candidates: - Issues: - Results: John Quincy Adams Presidency Election of 1828: - Candidates: - Issues: 1 Chapter 13 The Rise of Mass Democracy

More information

Chapter 11 Religion and Reform, APUSH Mr. Muller

Chapter 11 Religion and Reform, APUSH Mr. Muller Chapter 11 Religion and Reform, 1800-1860 APUSH Mr. Muller Aim: How is American society changing in the Antebellum period? Do Now: We would have every path laid open to Woman as freely as to Man As the

More information

Age of Reason Revolutionary Period

Age of Reason Revolutionary Period Age of Faith Puritan Beliefs Religion: left England to worship as they pleased, Protestants, arrived 1620 Bible: nearly all colonists were literate and read the Bible. It was the literal word of God Original

More information

The Ferment of Reform The Times They Are A-Changin

The Ferment of Reform The Times They Are A-Changin The Ferment of Reform 1820-1860 The Times They Are A-Changin Second Great Awakening Caused new divisions with the older Protestant churches Original sin replaced with optimistic belief that willingness

More information

Individualism. Religion and Reform. Ralph Waldo Emerson. Transcendentalism. Literary Influence. Unitarian minister

Individualism. Religion and Reform. Ralph Waldo Emerson. Transcendentalism. Literary Influence. Unitarian minister Chapter 11 Religion and Reform Individualism Transcendentalism truth transcends the senses knowledge of reality comes from intuition self-reliance, self-discipline, nonconformity Ralph Waldo Emerson Unitarian

More information

Religion Sparks Reform. The Americans, Chapter 8.1, Pages

Religion Sparks Reform. The Americans, Chapter 8.1, Pages Religion Sparks Reform The Americans, Chapter 8.1, Pages 240-245 The Second Great Awakening Broad Religious Movement Sweeps the United States Post 1790 Common Beliefs Rejected Predestination Anyone can

More information

Chapter 13. An American Renaissance: Religion, Romanticism & Reform

Chapter 13. An American Renaissance: Religion, Romanticism & Reform Chapter 13 An American Renaissance: Religion, Romanticism & Reform APUSH PowerPoint #4.5 (Part 1 of 1 Unit #4 Overlapping Revolutions Chapter 10 BFW Textbook TOPIC I. Antebellum Religion A. Effects of

More information

Transcendentalism. Belief in a higher kind of knowledge than can be achieved by human reason.

Transcendentalism. Belief in a higher kind of knowledge than can be achieved by human reason. Transcendentalism Transcendentalism Belief in a higher kind of knowledge than can be achieved by human reason. Where did Transcendentalism come from? Idealistic German philosopher Immanuel Kant is credited

More information

10/18/ Explain at least one way in which the first Industrial/Market Revolution changed the American economy.

10/18/ Explain at least one way in which the first Industrial/Market Revolution changed the American economy. 10/18/2016 35. Explain at least one way in which the first Industrial/Market Revolution changed the American economy. 36. Of the inventions of the first Industrial Revolution that we have discussed thus

More information

US History, Ms. Brown Website: dph7history.weebly.com

US History, Ms. Brown   Website: dph7history.weebly.com Course: US History/Ms. Brown Homeroom: 7th Grade US History Standard # Do Now Day #112 Aims: SWBAT explain how the Second Great Awaking led to an era of reform in the United States SWBAT analyze the education

More information

Chapter 11 Winter Break Assignment. Also, complete Comparing American Voices on pg and Voices from Abroad on 358.

Chapter 11 Winter Break Assignment. Also, complete Comparing American Voices on pg and Voices from Abroad on 358. Chapter 11 Winter Break Assignment Along with the following questions, you should answer the review questions on pgs. 335, 344, 354, 359, 360. Also, complete Comparing American Voices on pg. 346-347 and

More information

Learning Target: I can describe the impact of various forms of culture on American Society (religion, literature, education)

Learning Target: I can describe the impact of various forms of culture on American Society (religion, literature, education) Learning Target: I can describe the impact of various forms of culture on American Society (religion, literature, education) I-Religious Change and Reform A-Second Great Awakening 1-Wave of religious fervor

More information

HISTORICAL CAUSATION AND ARGUMENTATION The Second Great Awakening & Reforms

HISTORICAL CAUSATION AND ARGUMENTATION The Second Great Awakening & Reforms Unit 3, Period 4 HISTORICAL CAUSATION AND ARGUMENTATION The Second Great Awakening & Reforms From the 2015 and 2017 Revised Framework: Causation Students will be able to Describe causes or effects of a

More information

SSUSH7 C, D, E & SSUSH8 C Jacksonian Democracy and a Changing America

SSUSH7 C, D, E & SSUSH8 C Jacksonian Democracy and a Changing America SSUSH7 C, D, E & SSUSH8 C Jacksonian Democracy and a Changing America Jacksonian Democracy The New President Many American s admired Andrew Jackson as the People s President. Most remembered him as the

More information

American Studies Early American Period

American Studies Early American Period American Studies Early American Period 1 TERMS: 1 Metaphysical-- based on abstract reasoning 2 Religious doctrine--something that is taught; dogma or religious principles 3 Dogma-- a system of doctrines

More information

CH 14: Forging the National Economy,

CH 14: Forging the National Economy, APUSH CH 14+15 Lecture Name: Hour: CH 14: Forging the National Economy, 1790-1860 I. The Rise of a Market Economy A. Characteristics of the New Economy 1. People on the move due to westward expansion 2.

More information

Museum Of Transcendentalism. Curator: Danny Poidomani Researchers: Vraj Vyas, Bryana Williamson, Soleil Martinez, Iris Ocasio

Museum Of Transcendentalism. Curator: Danny Poidomani Researchers: Vraj Vyas, Bryana Williamson, Soleil Martinez, Iris Ocasio Museum Of Transcendentalism Curator: Danny Poidomani Researchers: Vraj Vyas, Bryana Williamson, Soleil Martinez, Iris Ocasio Welcome To Our Museum! In Our Museum, you will see different exhibits. But here

More information

M/J U. S. History EOC REVIEW M/J U. S. History

M/J U. S. History EOC REVIEW M/J U. S. History COLONIZATION NAME 1. Compare the relationships of each of the following as to their impact on the colonization of North America and their impact on the lives of Native Americans as they sought an all water

More information

Obj- SWBAT- Describe how the reform movements of the 1800s affected life in the United States

Obj- SWBAT- Describe how the reform movements of the 1800s affected life in the United States Obj- SWBAT- Describe how the reform movements of the 1800s affected life in the United States DO NOW- When and how did women receive the right to vote? The Second Great Awakening Spiritual Reform From

More information

Chapter 12: The Pursuit of Perfection

Chapter 12: The Pursuit of Perfection Chapter 12: The Pursuit of Perfection AP United States History Week of January 11, 2016 The Rise of Evangelism Pictured: Lyman Beecher The United States of the early 1800s underwent an evangelical revival

More information

Unit 4: Nationalism, Sectionalism and Expansion

Unit 4: Nationalism, Sectionalism and Expansion Bellwork 11.2.15 In 4-6 sentences, tell me if you agree or disagree with the following statement and why. Religion has played a vital role in American history and has shaped our country into what it is

More information

SOCIETY, CULTURE, AND REFORM

SOCIETY, CULTURE, AND REFORM 1820-1860 SOCIETY, CULTURE, AND REFORM Evaluate the extent to which reform movements in the United States from 1820-1860 contributed to maintaining continuity as well as fostering change in American society.

More information

VUS. 6d-e: Age of Jackson

VUS. 6d-e: Age of Jackson Name: Date: Period: VUS 6d-e: Age of Jackson Notes VUS 6d-e: Age of Jackson 1 Objectives about VUS6d-e: Age of Jackson The Age of Andrew Jackson Main Idea: Andrew Jackson s policies reflected an interest

More information

National Transformation. Unit 4 Chapters 9-11

National Transformation. Unit 4 Chapters 9-11 National Transformation Unit 4 Chapters 9-11 The Market Revolution A. The Transportation Revolution Roads By 1832, nearly 2400 mi. of road connected most major cities. First Turnpike- 1790 Lancaster, PA

More information

In Search of the American Voice An overview of the development of American Literature

In Search of the American Voice An overview of the development of American Literature In Search of the American Voice An overview of the development of American Literature Source: photohome.com Overview... 3 The Three Stages of Literature... 4 From The Puritans to Today... 5 A Model of

More information

Today s Topics. Review: The Market Revolution The 2 nd Great Awakening The Age of Jackson

Today s Topics. Review: The Market Revolution The 2 nd Great Awakening The Age of Jackson Today s Topics Review: The Market Revolution The 2 nd Great Awakening The Age of Jackson 1 Quiz Geography Slaves states 1820 Missouri Comprise Mississippi River Free States Texas 2 Population Distribution,

More information

APUSH - CHAPTER 15 THE FERMENT OF REFORM AND CULTURE

APUSH - CHAPTER 15 THE FERMENT OF REFORM AND CULTURE APUSH - CHAPTER 15 THE FERMENT OF REFORM AND CULTURE Name Reviving Religion The Second Great Awakening 1. How had religion in the United States become more liberal by the early decades of the 19th century?

More information

Chapter 15 The Ferment of Reform and Culture

Chapter 15 The Ferment of Reform and Culture AP U.S. History Name Chapter 15 The Ferment of Reform and Culture A. True or False Where the statement is true, mark T. Where it is false, mark F, and correct it in the space immediately below. 1. 2. 3.

More information

The 2 nd Great Awakening. Presented by: Mr. Anderson, M.Ed., J.D.

The 2 nd Great Awakening. Presented by: Mr. Anderson, M.Ed., J.D. Presented by: Mr. Anderson, M.Ed., J.D. 1 1. Antebellum 1820 to 1860 Romantic age Reformers pointed out the inequality in society Primarily a Northern movement Southerner s refused reforms to protect slavery

More information

What does transcendentalism mean?

What does transcendentalism mean? Transcendentalism What does transcendentalism mean? There is an ideal spiritual state which transcends the physical and empirical (practical). A loose collection of eclectic (diverse) ideas about literature,

More information

Native Americans 17. tell why Jackson s administration supported removal of Native Americans from the eastern states

Native Americans 17. tell why Jackson s administration supported removal of Native Americans from the eastern states APUSH Unit 6 Study Guide (Ch. 13 15) Name Date Make some notes about each item listed below. This assignment is a grade due at the time of notebook check (test day). Chapter 13 Political Parties in the

More information

that is associated with 19th century reforms

that is associated with 19th century reforms 1) Create a bubble map on the reform movements that you learned about in your DBQs from Friday 2) Include people, events, changes or anything that is associated with 19th century reforms Chapter 8 I.

More information

The Americans: Reconstruction to the 21 st Century

The Americans: Reconstruction to the 21 st Century The Growth of a Young Nation,1800 1850 In the first half of the 1800s, the United States expands adding land and people. The economy grows throughout the nation, but the different regions develop varied

More information

1. What was the optimistic message of the Second Great Awakening?

1. What was the optimistic message of the Second Great Awakening? An Era of Reform I N T E R A C T I V E S T U D E N T N O T E B O O K To what extent did the reform movements of the mid-1800s improve life for Americans? P R E V I E W Read the lyrics to the song Let Us

More information

SOCIETY, CULTURE, AND REFORM

SOCIETY, CULTURE, AND REFORM 1820-1860 SOCIETY, CULTURE, AND REFORM Evaluate the extent to which reform movements in the United States from 1820-1860 contributed to maintaining continuity as well as fostering change in American society.

More information

Reform and Antebellum Culture ( ) Chapter 15

Reform and Antebellum Culture ( ) Chapter 15 Reform and Antebellum Culture (1790-1860) Chapter 15 ** Realize that Abolitionism also arose during this time period but it is dealt with in another chapter. Second Great Awakening (1820 s- 1830 s) 1.

More information

Section 1. Chapter 8

Section 1. Chapter 8 Chapter 8 Objectives Describe the Second Great Awakening. Explain why some religious groups suffered from discrimination in the mid-1800s. Trace the emergence of the utopian and Transcendentalist movements.

More information

Name: 8 th Grade U.S. History. STAAR Review. Manifest Destiny

Name: 8 th Grade U.S. History. STAAR Review. Manifest Destiny 8 th Grade U.S. History STAAR Review Manifest Destiny FORT BURROWS 2018 VOCABULARY Annexation - To take a piece of land and add it to existing territory. Cede - To give up Compromise - An agreement where

More information

CHAPTER 14 Forging the National Economy,

CHAPTER 14 Forging the National Economy, CHAPTER 14 Forging the National Economy, 1790 1860 A. Checklist of Learning Objectives After mastering this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Describe the growth and movement of America s population in

More information

Unit 3 Part 2. Analyze the movement toward greater democracy and its impact. Describe the personal and political qualities of Andrew Jackson.

Unit 3 Part 2. Analyze the movement toward greater democracy and its impact. Describe the personal and political qualities of Andrew Jackson. Unit 3 Part 2 Trace the settlement and development of the Spanish borderlands. Explain the concept of Manifest Destiny. Describe the causes and challenges of westward migration. Explain how Texas won independence

More information

Sectionalism, Nullification, and Indian Removal. Key Concept 4.3

Sectionalism, Nullification, and Indian Removal. Key Concept 4.3 Sectionalism, Nullification, and Indian Removal Key Concept 4.3 Sectionalism, 1820-1860 North: New England and the Middle Atlantic states and the Old Northwest - Ohio to Minnesota. - Northern states were

More information

RULES FOR JEOPARDY. 1. Choose Team name. 2. Choose which team goes first

RULES FOR JEOPARDY. 1. Choose Team name. 2. Choose which team goes first Westward Expansion 1. Choose Team name RULES FOR JEOPARDY 2. Choose which team goes first 3. Teams go in order. Only one person per team may answer WHEN IT IS THERE TURN. 4. After 3 consecutive correct

More information

May 18 (B) & 19 (A), 2017

May 18 (B) & 19 (A), 2017 May 18 (B) & 19 (A), 2017 Agenda - 5/18/2017 Collect Signed Grade Sheets In Cold Blood Discuss/Collect Part 4: Section 3 Questions Journal/IR The Transcendentalist Movement Notes Quotes It s My Life music

More information

Unit 5: Age of Jackson,

Unit 5: Age of Jackson, Unit 5: Age of Jackson, 1828-1848 Democracy and the Common Man Alexis de Tocqueville (French writer and visitor to the US) and others from Europe were amazed by the informal manners, democratic attitudes,

More information

An Overview of U.S. Westward Expansion

An Overview of U.S. Westward Expansion An Overview of U.S. Westward Expansion By History.com on 04.28.17 Word Count 1,231 Level MAX The first Fort Laramie as it looked before 1840. A painting from memory by Alfred Jacob Miller in 1858-60. Fort

More information

The Ferment of Reform and Culture CHAPTER 15

The Ferment of Reform and Culture CHAPTER 15 The Ferment of Reform and Culture CHAPTER 15 A Third Revolution Jacksonian Era: Changes in politics and American economy Also, new commitment to improve the character of ordinary Americans Rise of religious

More information

Reform in American Culture To change or not to change, that is

Reform in American Culture To change or not to change, that is Reform in American Culture 1820-1860 To change or not to change, that is the question Second Great Awakening Thomas Jefferson, Ben Franklin were Deist Deists-rely on reason, instead of revelation, on science

More information

Ch 15 Insights 2 nd Great Awakening- revival in religion in America

Ch 15 Insights 2 nd Great Awakening- revival in religion in America Ch 15 Insights 2 nd Great Awakening- revival in religion in America 1) Identify 3 examples from The Apostle of how the 2 nd Great Awakening Americanized or Democratized religion (and explain.) 2) Explain

More information

Social Changes in the US

Social Changes in the US Social Changes in the US 1800-1850 Learning Target I can analyze the causes and consequences of the reform movements of the 1800s. I can describe the goals and actions of the Reform Movements. Second Great

More information

Chapter 14, Section 1 Social Reform

Chapter 14, Section 1 Social Reform Chapter 14, Section 1 Social Reform (pages 412 415) Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these questions as you read: How did religious and philosophical ideas inspire various reform movements? Why

More information

Chapter 12 Pursuit of Perfection

Chapter 12 Pursuit of Perfection Chapter 12 Pursuit of Perfection 1. A man who had visited the United States in the 1830s wrote, "Unmarried women in America were unusually emancipated." You would probably give the most credence to his

More information

The Transcendentalists in Action

The Transcendentalists in Action The Transcendentalists in Action In the 1830s, Ralph Waldo Emerson broke away from traditional religious thinking in New England. He founded a new religious, philosophical, and literary movement called

More information

2 nd Great Awakening.... Another chapter of Jacksonian Democracy ( )

2 nd Great Awakening.... Another chapter of Jacksonian Democracy ( ) 2 nd Great Awakening... Another chapter of Jacksonian Democracy (1790-1840) Charles Finney If we are to have an impact upon our culture, the beginning point must be to take our stand united in Christ,

More information

Jacksonian Era: The Age of the Common Man

Jacksonian Era: The Age of the Common Man Jacksonian Era: 1824-1840 The Age of the Common Man A Time of Great Change The age of Jackson was marked by an increase in political participation, an increase in the power of the president and a distrust

More information

The Jacksonian Era The Jacksonian Era The Egalitarian Impulse The Extension of White Male Democracy The Popular Religious Revolt

The Jacksonian Era The Jacksonian Era The Egalitarian Impulse The Extension of White Male Democracy The Popular Religious Revolt 1 2 3 4 5 6 The Jacksonian Era 1824 1845 The Egalitarian Impulse What factors contributed to the democratization of American politics and religion in the early nineteenth century? Jackson s Presidency

More information

Puritans. Central Historical Question: Were the Puritans selfish or selfless?

Puritans. Central Historical Question: Were the Puritans selfish or selfless? Materials: Central Historical Question: Were the selfish or selfless? Copies of Documents A and B Copies of Guiding Questions Instructions: 1. Do Now: What do you know about the and their beliefs? 2. Background

More information

The American Tradition in Literature Review Puritanism

The American Tradition in Literature Review Puritanism The American Tradition in Literature Review Puritanism 1. What were four basic Puritan beliefs? Define what each means. d. 2. What were three things that people who settled in North America sought? b 3.

More information

CHAPTER 8 CREATING A REPUBLICAN CULTURE, APUSH Mr. Muller

CHAPTER 8 CREATING A REPUBLICAN CULTURE, APUSH Mr. Muller CHAPTER 8 CREATING A REPUBLICAN CULTURE, 1790-1820 APUSH Mr. Muller AIM: HOW DOES THE NATION BEGIN TO EXPAND? Do Now: A high and honorable feeling generally prevails, and the people begin to assume, more

More information

2 nd Great Awakening.... Another chapter of Jacksonian Democracy ( )

2 nd Great Awakening.... Another chapter of Jacksonian Democracy ( ) 2 nd Great Awakening... Another chapter of Jacksonian Democracy (1790-1840) Charles Finney If we are to have an impact upon our culture, the beginning point must be to take our stand united in Christ,

More information

19 TH CENTURY RELIGION & REFORM. Chapter 2 Section 1

19 TH CENTURY RELIGION & REFORM. Chapter 2 Section 1 19 TH CENTURY RELIGION & REFORM Chapter 2 Section 1 LECTURE FOCUS QUESTION How did the Second Great Awakening encourage reform? Explain. SECOND GREAT AWAKENING Second Great Awakening: religious revival

More information

Transcendentalism. Philosophical and literary movement Emphasized

Transcendentalism. Philosophical and literary movement Emphasized Transcendentalism Philosophical and literary movement Emphasized Transcendentalist Thinking Man must acknowledge a body of moral truths that were intuitive and must TRANSCEND more sensational proof: 1.

More information

Expansion & Reform Unit ( ) The learner will assess the competing forces of expansionism, nationalism, and sectionalism.

Expansion & Reform Unit ( ) The learner will assess the competing forces of expansionism, nationalism, and sectionalism. Expansion & Reform Unit (1801-1850) The learner will assess the competing forces of expansionism, nationalism, and sectionalism. Territorial Expansion Analyze the effects of territorial expansion and the

More information

In the 1840s, westward expansion led Americans to acquire all lands from the Atlantic to Pacific in a movement called Manifest Destiny

In the 1840s, westward expansion led Americans to acquire all lands from the Atlantic to Pacific in a movement called Manifest Destiny In the 1840s, westward expansion led Americans to acquire all lands from the Atlantic to Pacific in a movement called Manifest Destiny Obvious Future Americans flooded into the West for new economic opportunities

More information

Mexican-American War Act-It-Out

Mexican-American War Act-It-Out Florida Act-It-Out Follow the narration below to create an act-it-out about Florida. When the narrator says Action! the actors will move, act, and speak as described. When the narrator says Audience! the

More information

Chapter 2: Historical Overview of Independence

Chapter 2: Historical Overview of Independence Chapter 2: Historical Overview of Independence In this chapter you will find: A Brief History of the HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF INDEPENDENCE Photograph on cover page: Independence County Courthouse remodeled

More information

literature? In her lively, readable contribution to the Wiley-Blackwell Literature in Context

literature? In her lively, readable contribution to the Wiley-Blackwell Literature in Context SUSAN CASTILLO AMERICAN LITERATURE IN CONTEXT TO 1865 (Wiley-Blackwell, 2010) xviii + 185 pp. Reviewed by Yvette Piggush How did the history of the New World influence the meaning and the significance

More information

Chapter 2. Follow along with your guided notes!

Chapter 2. Follow along with your guided notes! Chapter 2 Follow along with your guided notes! Section 1 Democracy, Nationalism, and Sectionalism The Rise of Andrew Jackson Jacksonian Democracy New state constitutions to increase voter turnout Ties

More information

Chapter 12 Democracy in the Age of Jackson ( ) (American Nation Textbook Pages )

Chapter 12 Democracy in the Age of Jackson ( ) (American Nation Textbook Pages ) Chapter 12 Democracy in the Age of Jackson (1824-1840) (American Nation Textbook Pages 358-375) 1 1. A New Era in Politics The spirit of Democracy, which was changing the political system, affected American

More information

Chapter 7. Life in the New Nation ( )

Chapter 7. Life in the New Nation ( ) Chapter 7 Life in the New Nation (1783 1850) America: Pathways to the Present Chapter 7: Life in the New Nation (1783 1850) Section 1: Cultural, Social, and Religious Life Section 2: Trails to the West

More information

Definition of culture. : the beliefs, customs, arts, etc., of a particular society, group, place, or time.

Definition of culture. : the beliefs, customs, arts, etc., of a particular society, group, place, or time. Definition of culture. : the beliefs, customs, arts, etc., of a particular society, group, place, or time.. The Transcendentalism Movement An Introduction Cultural Influences Primarily emerging in the

More information

Ralph Waldo Emerson, : Writer and Philosopher

Ralph Waldo Emerson, : Writer and Philosopher 10 December 2011 voaspecialenglish.com Ralph Waldo Emerson, 1803-1882: Writer and Philosopher Statue of Ralph Waldo Emerson (You can download an MP3 of this story at voaspecialenglish.com) SHIRLEY GRIFFITH:

More information

Farm vs. Factory: Citing Evidence

Farm vs. Factory: Citing Evidence Farm vs. Factory: Citing Evidence This activity asks you to analyze three primary documents about the experiences of young women who worked in textile factories in New England during the 1830s and 1840s.

More information

Andrew Jackson becomes President

Andrew Jackson becomes President Andrew Jackson becomes President Andrew Jackson Presidency Timeline Directions: 1.Read each slide 2.Summarize by answering the questions 3.Write vocabulary words on page 54 Expanded Voting rights to the

More information

Manifest Destiny and Andrew Jackson

Manifest Destiny and Andrew Jackson Manifest Destiny and Andrew Jackson Study online at quizlet.com/_204f5a 1. 13 colonies 4. Andrew Jackson 2. 1849 The original states : Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, massachusetts, New jersey,

More information

Major Events Leading to the Civil War

Major Events Leading to the Civil War 1825-1852 Major Events Leading to the Civil War John Quincy Adams (1825-1829) 4 men run for President, Andrew Jackson gets the most votes-but election is given to Adams who came in second. (Jackson blames

More information

Jump Start. You have 5 minutes to study your Jackson notes for a short 7 question Quiz.

Jump Start. You have 5 minutes to study your Jackson notes for a short 7 question Quiz. Jump Start You have 5 minutes to study your Jackson notes for a short 7 question Quiz. All of my copies of the notes are posted on the white board for reference. Please DO NOT take them down. Manifest

More information

Mini-Unit Integrating ELA and Social Studies With Maps and Primary Source Documents

Mini-Unit Integrating ELA and Social Studies With Maps and Primary Source Documents Mini-Unit Integrating ELA and Social Studies With Maps and Primary Source Documents This picture, The Trail of Tears, was painted by Robert Lindneux in 1942. What do you see? Be specific. Trail of Tears

More information

Chapter Learning Objective. Reforms in American Society: Chapter nd Great Awakening 10/26/16

Chapter Learning Objective. Reforms in American Society: Chapter nd Great Awakening 10/26/16 Chapter Learning Objective Reforms in American Society: 1790-1860 Chapter 15 The rise of democratic and individualistic beliefs, a response to rationalism, and changes to society caused by the market revolution,

More information

Reforms in American Society: Chapter nd Great Awakening 9/25/14. ! Causes. ! Event:

Reforms in American Society: Chapter nd Great Awakening 9/25/14. ! Causes. ! Event: Reforms in American Society: 1790-1860 Chapter 15 2 nd Great Awakening! Causes! 1. The Age of Reason by Thomas Paine! 2. Deism and Unitarians 2 nd Great Awakening! Event:! Began on the southern frontier!

More information

Introduction. American Literature

Introduction. American Literature Transcendentalism Introduction American Literature Transcendentalism: The name comes from the German philosopher Immanuel Kant s notion of transcendent forms; that is, forms of knowledge that exist beyond

More information

Sources: "American Transcendentalism: A Brief Introduction." by Paul P. Reuben Perspectives in American Literature Transcendentalism pbs.

Sources: American Transcendentalism: A Brief Introduction. by Paul P. Reuben Perspectives in American Literature Transcendentalism pbs. Sources: "American Transcendentalism: A Brief Introduction." by Paul P. Reuben Perspectives in American Literature Transcendentalism pbs.org Transcendentalism by David L. Simpson, DePaul University Transcendentalism:

More information

AP World History Notes Chapter 16: Science and Religion ( )

AP World History Notes Chapter 16: Science and Religion ( ) AP World History Notes Chapter 16: Science and Religion (1450-1750) Popular interest in science spread throughout Europe More people used science to explain the universe, not the Church Monarchs set up

More information

Alignment to Wonders 2017

Alignment to Wonders 2017 Alignment to Wonders 2017 1848 campaign poster for Taylor and Fillmore Presidential Preference Abolitionists did not want slavery in the new state. Congress had an important decision to make. At the time

More information

Chapter 9 Expanding Markets and Moving West

Chapter 9 Expanding Markets and Moving West Chapter 9 Expanding Markets and Moving West The Market Revolution factory system changed the lives of workers and consumers. People will stop growing and making things for their own survival and begin

More information

To Strike or Not to Strike in 1830s Lowell: A Role Play

To Strike or Not to Strike in 1830s Lowell: A Role Play To Strike or Not to Strike in 1830s Lowell: A Role Play In this activity you will perform a role play of a talk show between Lowell workers and factory owners. To research your characters, you will analyze

More information

Name: Class Period: Date:

Name: Class Period: Date: Name: Class Period: Date: Unit #2 Review E George Washington H Jay s Treaty D Pinckney s Treaty G Treaty of Greenville K Whiskey Rebellion B Marbury v. Madison A. The greatest U.S. victory in the War of

More information

Reforming American Society

Reforming American Society Date HAPTER 8 orm A HAPTER TEST Reforming American Society Part 1: Main Ideas Write the letter of the best answer. (4 points each) 1. or which action is Nat Turner well known? a. leading a violent slave

More information

Chapter 11, Section 1 Trails to the West. Pages

Chapter 11, Section 1 Trails to the West. Pages Chapter 11, Section 1 Trails to the West Pages 345-349 Many Americans during the Jacksonian Era were restless, curious, and eager to be on the move. The American West drew a variety of settlers. Some looked

More information

The Puritans vs. The Separatists of England

The Puritans vs. The Separatists of England The Puritans vs. The Separatists of England England was once a Catholic country, but in 1532 King Henry VIII created the Anglican Church (Church of England). However, over the years that followed, many

More information

Chapter 4: Growth, Diversity, and Conflict,

Chapter 4: Growth, Diversity, and Conflict, Chapter 4: Growth, Diversity, and Conflict, 1720-65 1. New England s Freehold Society A. Farm Families: Women in the Household Economy B. Farm Prosperity: Inheritance C. Freehold Society in Crisis 2. Diversity

More information

(2) SIGNIFICANT THEMES AND HIGHLIGHTS

(2) SIGNIFICANT THEMES AND HIGHLIGHTS 13 Moving West (1) CHAPTER OUTLINE Narcissa Whitman her husb Marcus, were among thouss of Americans who played a part in the movement into the trans-mississippi West between 1830-1865. The chapter also

More information

Early American Literature. An Era of Change

Early American Literature. An Era of Change Early American Literature An Era of Change Early American Literature Time Period: 1600-1800 Historical Context: First "American" colonies were established Religion dominated life and was a focus of their

More information

USI.33 Analyze the goals and effects of the antebellum A. the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention B. Susan B. Anthony C. Margaret Fuller D.

USI.33 Analyze the goals and effects of the antebellum A. the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention B. Susan B. Anthony C. Margaret Fuller D. TEACHING AMERICAN HISTORY LESSON PLAN Mary Jane Flaherty Class Unit Grade Level Standards Women s History Reforming Society College Prep 10 th Grade USI.33 Analyze the goals and effects of the antebellum

More information

United States History. Robert Taggart

United States History. Robert Taggart United States History Robert Taggart Table of Contents To the Student.............................................. v Unit 1: Birth of a Nation Lesson 1: From Colonization to Independence...................

More information